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The steering geometry is checked by measuring the toe-out on turns. This is the difference in the steer angle between the outside wheel and the inside wheel when the inside wheel is steered through 20°. If substantial deviations are found, the cause may be one of the following, assuming that the camber and caster settings are correct:
- Toe not adjusted with the rack-and-pinion steering in the straight-ahead position, resulting in tie rods of unequal length.
- Steering knuckle or tie rod bent.
- On vehicles involved in an accident:
Excessive deviations in the front end (longitudinal frame member, frame cross member, wheelhouse and firewall, or on front axle carrier) which have a negative effect on the adjustment range for camber and caster can result in greater differences in the toe-out on turns between left and right.
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