Cylinder Block: Inspection

CLEAN CYLINDER BLOCK
1. Remove gasket material Using a gasket scraper, remove all the gasket material from the cylinder block surface.
2. Clean cylinder block Using a soft brush and solvent, thoroughly clean the cylinder block.
  
  Fig 1: Cleaning Cylinder Block
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
INSPECT CYLINDER BLOCK SURFACE FOR FLATNESS
Using precision straight edge and feeler gauge, measure the top surfaces of the cylinder block for warpage.

Maximum warpage: 0.07 mm (0.0028 in.)

If warpage is greater than maximum, replace the cylinder block.

Fig 2: Inspecting Cylinder Block Surface Flatness
Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
INSPECT CYLINDER FOR VERTICAL SCRATCHES
Visually check the cylinder for vertical scratches. If deep scratches are present, replace the cylinder block.

Fig 3: Inspecting Cylinder For Vertical Scratches Visually
Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
INSPECT CYLINDER BORE DIAMETER
Using a cylinder gauge, measure the cylinder bore diameter at positions A, B and C in the thrust and axial directions.

Standard diameter:

86.000 - 86.013 mm (3.3858 - 3.3863 in.)

Maximum diameter:

86.02 mm (3.3866 in.)

If the diameter is greater than maximum, replace the cylinder block.

Fig 4: Inspecting Cylinder Bore Diameter
Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
REMOVE CYLINDER RIDGE
If the wear is less than 0.2 mm (0.008 in.), using a ridge reamer, grind the top of the cylinder.

Fig 5: Removing Cylinder Ridge
Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
INSPECT MAIN BEARING CAP BOLTS
Using vernier calipers, measure the minimum diameter of the compressed thread at the measuring point.

Standard diameter:

9.96 - 9.97 mm (0.3921 - 0.3925 in.)

Minimum diameter:

9.7 mm (0.382 in.)

If the diameter is less than minimum, replace the bolt.

Fig 6: Measuring Compressed Thread Diameter Of Main Bearing Cap Bolts
Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
CLEAN PISTON
1. Using a gasket scraper, remove the carbon from the piston top.
  
  Fig 7: Cleaning Piston
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
2. Using a groove cleaning tool or broken ring, clean the piston ring grooves.
3. Using solvent and a brush, thoroughly clean the piston.
  NOTE: Do not use a wire brush.
  
  Fig 8: Cleaning Piston Ring Grooves
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
INSPECT PISTON OIL CLEARANCE
1. Using a micrometer, measure the piston diameter at right angles to the piston pin center line, 34 mm (1.34 in.) from the piston head.
  Piston diameter:
  
  85.945 - 85.965 mm (3.3837 - 3.3844 in.)
2. Measure the cylinder bore diameter in the thrust directions. (See step 4).
3. Subtract the piston diameter measurement from the cylinder bore diameter measurement.
  
  Fig 9: Measuring Piston Diameter At Right Angle
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
  
  Standard oil clearance:
  
  0.035 - 0.068 mm (0.0014 - 0.0027 in.)
  
  Maximum oil clearance:
  
  0.10 mm (0.0039 in.)
  
  If the oil clearance is greater than maximum, replace all the 6 pistons. If necessary, replace the cylinder block.

INSPECT PISTON RING GROOVE CLEARANCE

Using a feeler gauge, measure the clearance between new piston ring and the wall of the piston ring groove.

Fig 10: Inspecting Piston Ring Groove Clearance

Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002

Ring groove clearance:

RING GROOVE CLEARANCE REFERENCE

No.1	0.011 - 0.070 mm (0.0004 - 0.0028 in.)
No.2	0.030 - 0.070 mm (0.0012 - 0.0028 in.)

If the clearance is not as specified, replace the piston.

INSPECT PISTON RING END GAP

Insert the piston ring into the cylinder bore.
Using a piston, push the piston ring a little beyond the bottom of the ring travel, 105 mm (4.13 in.) from the top of the cylinder block.

Fig 11: Inspecting Piston Ring End Gap
Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002

Using a feeler gauge, measure the ring end gap.

Fig 12: Measuring Ring End Gap

Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002

Standard ring end gap:

STANDARD RING END GAP REFERENCE

No.1	0.300-0.470 mm (0.0118 - 0.0185 in.)
No.2	0.350-0.520 mm (0.0138 - 0.0205 in.)
Oil (Side rail)	0.130-0.450 mm (0.0051 - 0.0177 in.)

Maximum ring end gap:

MAXIMUM RING END GAP REFERENCE

No.1	1.07 mm (0.0421 in.)
No.2	1.12 mm (0.0441 in.)
Oil (Side rail)	1.05 mm (0.0413 in.)

If the end gap is greater than maximum, replace the piston ring. If the end gap is greater than maximum, even with a new piston ring, replace the cylinder block.

INSPECT PISTON PIN FIT
At 80°C (176°F), you should be able to push the piston pin into the piston pin hole with your thumb.

Fig 13: Inspecting Piston Pin Fit
Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
INSPECT CONNECTING ROD ALIGNMENT
Using a feeler gauge and rod aligner, check the connecting rod alignment.
- Check for out-of-alignment
  Maximum out-of-alignment:
  
  0.05 mm (0.0020 in.) per 100 mm (3.94 in.)
  
  If out-of-alignment is greater than maximum, replace the connecting rod assembly.
  
  Fig 14: Inspecting Connecting Rod Alignment (Check For Out-Of-Alignment)
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
- Check for twist
  Maximum twist:
  
  0.15 mm (0.0059 in.) per 100 mm (3.94 in.)
  
  If twist is greater than maximum, replace the connecting rod assembly.
  
  Fig 15: Inspecting Connecting Rod Alignment (Check For Twist)
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
INSPECT PISTON PIN OIL CLEARANCE
1. Using a caliper gauge, measure the inside diameter of the connecting rod bushing.
  Bushing inside diameter:
  
  22.005 - 22.014 mm (0.8663 - 0.8667 in.)
  
  Fig 16: Measuring Connecting Rod Bushing Inside Diameter
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
2. Using a micrometer, measure the piston pin diameter.
  Piston pin diameter:
  
  21.997 - 22.006 mm (0.8660 - 0.8664 in.)
3. Subtract the piston pin diameter measurement from the bushing in side diameter measurement.
  Standard oil clearance:
  
  0.005 - 0.011 mm (0.0002 - 0.0004 in.)
  
  Maximum oil clearance:
  
  0.05 mm (0.0020 in.)
  
  If the oil clearance is greater than maximum, replace the bushing. If necessary, replace the piston and piston pin as a set.
  
  Fig 17: Measuring Piston Pin Diameter
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
INSPECT CONNECTING ROD BOLTS
Using vernier calipers, measure the minimum diameter of the compressed bolt at the measuring point.

Standard diameter: 8.1 - 8.3 mm (0.319 - 0.327 in.)

Minimum diameter: 8.0 mm (0.315 in.)

If the diameter is less than minimum, replace the connecting rod bolt.

Fig 18: Measuring Diameter Of Compressed Bolt
Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
INSPECT CRANKSHAFT FOR RUNOUT
1. Place the crankshaft on V-blocks.
2. Using a dial indicator, measure the circle runout at the center journal.
  Maximum circle runout: 0.06 mm (0.0024 in.)
  
  If the circle runout is greater than maximum, replace the crankshaft.
  
  Fig 19: Inspecting Crankshaft For Runout
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002

INSPECT MAIN JOURNALS AND CRANK PINS

Using a micrometer, measure the diameter of each main journal and crank pin.

Fig 20: Measuring Diameter Of Each Main Journal And Crankpin

Main journal diameter:

MAIN JOURNAL DIAMETER REFERENCE

STD	61.984 - 62.000 mm (2.4403 - 2.4409 in.)
U/S 0.25	61.745 - 61.755 mm (2.4309 - 2.4313 in.)

Crank pin diameter:

CRANKPIN DIAMETER REFERENCE

STD	51.982 - 52.000 mm (2.0465 - 2.0472 in.)
US 0.25	51.745 - 51.755 mm (2.0372 - 2.0376 in.)

If the diameter is not as specified, check the oil clearance. (See DISASSEMBLY ).

Check each main journal and crank pin for taper and out-of-round as shown. See Fig 20.
Maximum taper and out-of round: 0.02 mm (0.0008 in.)

If the taper or out-of-round is greater than maximum, grind or replace the crankshaft.

IF NECESSARY, GRIND AND HONE MAIN JOURNALS AND/OR CRANK PINS
- Grind and hone the main journals and/or crank pins to the finished undersized diameter (See procedure step 16).
- Install new main journal and/or crank pin undersized bearings.