Repair and Diagnosis (Single Page)

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• Quick Lookups
  • Common Specs & Procedures
    • Specifications Index
  • DTC Index
    • Anti-Lock Control DTCS
      • Vehicle Dynamic System DTCS
    • Anti-Theft (Pats) DTCS
    • Automatic Transmission - 5R44E & 5R55E DTCS
    • Engine Cooling DTCS
    • Fuel System DTCS
    • Handles, Locks, Latches And Entry Systems DTCS
    • Horn DTCS
    • Information And Entertainment System DTCS
    • Instrument Cluster (Ic) And Warning Chimes DTCS
    • Lighting DTCS
      • Exterior Lighting DTCS
      • Interior Lighting DTCS
    • Module Communications Network DTCS
    • MULTIFUNCTION Electronic Modules DTCS
    • Power Windows DTCS
      • Glass, Frames And Mechanism DTCS
    • Powertrain DTC Charts And Descriptions - Gasoline Engines DTCS
    • Steering Column Switches DTCS
    • Supplemental Restraints Systems DTCS
    • Wheels And Tires DTCS
  • Electrical Component Locations
    • Diagnostic Connector (DLC) Locations
      • Domestic Cars
        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
      • Domestic Light Trucks & Vans
        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
      • Imported Cars & Trucks
        • ACURA
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        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
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        • Ford Motor Co.
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        • PORSCHE
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        • Rolls-ROYCE
        • SAAB
        • SUBARU
        • SUZUKI
        • TOYOTA
        • VOLKSWAGEN
        • VOLVO
    • Electrical Component Locator
      • Buzzers, Relays & Timers
      • Circuit Protection Devices
      • Control Units
      • Motors
      • Sending Units & Sensors
      • Solenoids & Solenoid Valves
      • Switches
      • Miscellaneous
      • Connectors
      • Grounds
      • Splices
      • Component Location Graphics
  • Fluids
  • Technical Bulletins
    • Campaigns
    • Safety Recalls
    • Technical Service Bulletins
  • Tire Fitment
  • Wiring Diagrams
    • OEM Connector End Views
      • Connector End Views
        • A/C Clutch Field Coil Connector End View (C100)
        • Crankshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C101)
        • Generator Connector End View (C102A)
        • Generator Connector End View (C102B)
        • Generator Connector End View (C102C)
        • Generator Connector End View (C102D)
        • Oil Pressure Switch Connector End View (C103)
        • Cylinder Head Temperature Sensor Connector End View (C107)
        • Knock Sensor Connector End View (C108)
        • Knock Sensor Connector End View (C109)
        • Inline Connector End View (C110)
        • Speed Control Servo Connector End View (C122)
        • Brake Fluid Level Switch Connector End View (C124)
        • Windshield Wiper Motor Connector End View (C125)
        • Horn Connector End View (C131)
        • Inline Connector End View (C133)
        • Anti-Lock Brake System Control Module Connector End View (C135)
        • Windshield Washer Pump Motor Connector End View (C137)
        • Inline Connector End View (C139)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor 22 Connector End View (C141)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor 12 Connector End View (C142)
        • Inline (1 Of 2) Connector End View (C144) (1 Of 2)
        • Inline (2 Of 2) Connector End View (C144) (2 Of 2)
        • Left Front Wheel Speed Sensor Connector End View (C150)
        • Left Front Fog Lamp Connector End View (C152)
        • Right Front Wheel Speed Sensor Connector End View (C160)
        • Right Front Fog Lamp Connector End View (C162)
        • Intermediate Shaft Speed Sensor Connector End View (C164)
        • Digital Transmission Range Sensor Connector End View (C167)
        • 5R44E Automatic Transmission Vehicle Harness Connector End View (C168)
        • Reversing Lamps Switch Connector End View (C169)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor 11 Connector End View (C171)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor 21 Connector End View (C172)
        • Ignition Transformer Capacitor 1 Connector End View (C174)
        • Powertrain Control Module (1 Of 2) Connector End View (C175B) (1 Of 2)
        • Powertrain Control Module (2 Of 2) Connector End View (C175B) (2 Of 2)
        • Powertrain Control Module (1 Of 2) Connector End View (C175E) (1 Of 2)
        • Powertrain Control Module (2 Of 2) Connector End View (C175E) (2 Of 2)
        • Powertrain Control Module Connector End View (C175T)
        • Camshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C180)
        • Throttle Position Sensor Connector End View (C189)
        • Heated Positive Crankcase Ventilation Valve Connector End View (C190)
        • Output Shaft Speed Sensor Connector End View (C193)
        • Starter Motor Connector End View (C197A)
        • Starter Motor Connector End View (C197B)
        • Starter Motor Connector End View (C197C)
        • Starter Motor Connector End View (C197D)
        • 5R55E Automatic Transmission Vehicle Harness Connector End View (C199)
        • Multifunction Switch Connector End View (C202A)
        • Multifunction Switch Connector End View (C202B)
        • Main Light Switch Connector End View (C205)
        • Inline Connector End View (C210)
        • Inline Connector End View (C211)
        • Inline Connector End View (C213)
        • Driver Air Bag Unit Connector End View (C216A)
        • Driver Air Bag Unit Connector End View (C216B)
        • Horn Switch Connector End View (C217A)
        • Horn Switch Connector End View (C217B)
        • Clockspring Connector End View (C218A)
        • Clockspring Connector End View (C218B)
        • Clockspring Connector End View (C218C)
        • Instrument Cluster Connector End View (C220A)
        • Instrument Cluster Connector End View (C220B)
        • Inline Connector End View (C237)
        • Inline Connector End View (C238)
        • Inline Connector End View (C248)
        • Ignition Switch Connector End View (C250)
        • Data Link Connector End View (C251)
        • Passenger Air Bag Module Connector End View (C256)
        • Clutch Pedal Position Switch Connector End View (C257)
        • Inline Connector End View (C260)
        • Deactivator Switch Connector End View (C277)
        • Brake Pedal Position Switch Connector End View (C278)
        • Transmission Control Switch Connector End View (C279)
        • Four Wheel Drive Control Module Connector End View (C281A)
        • Four Wheel Drive Control Module Connector End View (C281B)
        • Inertia Fuel Shutoff Switch Connector End View (C282)
        • Four Wheel Drive Switch Connector End View (C284)
        • Blend Door Actuator Connector End View (C289)
        • Audio Unit Connector End View (C290A)
        • Audio Unit Connector End View (C290B)
        • Audio Unit Connector End View (C290C)
        • Front Function Selector Switch Assembly Connector End View (C294A)
        • Front Function Selector Switch Assembly Connector End View (C294B)
        • Front Function Selector Switch Assembly Connector End View (C294C)
        • Front Function Selector Switch Assembly Connector End View (C294D)
        • Inline Connector End View (C300)
        • Inline Connector End View (C311)
        • Inline Connector End View (C312)
        • Inline Connector End View (C315)
        • Inline Connector End View (C316)
        • Inline Connector End View (C327)
        • Inline Connector End View (C328)
        • Inline Connector End View (C339)
        • Inline Connector End View (C340)
        • Gear Motor Encoder Assembly Connector End View (C350)
        • Driver Seat Position Sensor Connector End View (C356)
        • Left Rear Speaker Connector End View (C395)
        • Right Rear Speaker Connector End View (C396)
        • Left Rear Park Lamp / Stop Lamp / Turn Lamp Connector End View (C412)
        • Left Rear Turn Lamp Connector End View (C413)
        • Right Rear Park Lamp / Stop Lamp / Turn Lamp Connector End View (C415)
        • Right Rear Turn Lamp Connector End View (C416)
        • Right Rear Park Lamp / Stop Lamp Connector End View (C418)
        • Left Rear Park Lamp / Stop Lamp Connector End View (C419)
        • Inline Connector End View (C421)
        • Fuel Tank Pressure Transducer Sensor Connector End View (C435)
        • Trailer Tow Connector End View (C439)
        • Evaporative Emissions Canister Vent Valve Connector End View (C450)
        • Left Reversing Lamp Connector End View (C451)
        • Left License Plate Lamp Connector End View (C454)
        • Rear Axle Speed Sensor Connector End View (C455)
        • Right Reversing Lamp Connector End View (C461)
        • Right License Plate Lamp Connector End View (C464)
        • Master Window Adjust Switch Connector End View (C504)
        • Driver Side Door Lock Switch Connector End View (C505)
        • Left Exterior Rearview Mirror Connector End View (C522)
        • Left Front Speaker Connector End View (C523)
        • Driver Side Front Power Window Motor Connector End View (C524)
        • Left Front Door Lock Actuator Connector End View (C525)
        • Left Front Door Ajar Switch Connector End View (C526)
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror Switch Connector End View (C527)
        • Right Front Door Ajar Switch Connector End View (C602)
        • Right Front Door Lock Actuator Connector End View (C603)
        • Passenger Side Window Adjust Switch Connector End View (C604)
        • Passenger Side Door Lock Switch Connector End View (C605)
        • Passenger Side Front Power Window Motor Connector End View (C608)
        • Right Front Speaker Connector End View (C612)
        • Right Exterior Rearview Mirror Connector End View (C622)
        • Left Rear Speaker Connector End View (C702)
        • Driver Side Rear Door Ajar Switch Connector End View (C715)
        • Right Rear Speaker Connector End View (C802)
        • Passenger Side Rear Door Ajar Switch Connector End View (C820)
        • Safety Belt Tension Sensor Connector End View (C829)
        • High Mounted Stoplamp Connector End View (C904)
        • Front Interior Lamp/ Map Lamp Assembly Connector End View (C931)
        • Left Headlamp Connector End View (C1021)
        • Left Front Park Lamp / Turn Lamp Connector End View (C1023)
        • Evaporative Emissions Canister Purge Valve Connector End View (C1029)
        • Heater Blower Motor Connector End View (C1031)
        • Front Heater Blower Motor Resistor Connector End View (C1032)
        • Battery Junction Box Connector End View (C1035)
        • Right Headlamp Connector End View (C1041)
        • Right Front Park Lamp / Turn Lamp Connector End View (C1043)
        • Engine Cooling Fan Motor Connector End View (C1048)
        • Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor Connector End View (C1064)
        • Ignition Coil Connector End View (C1065)
        • Idle Air Control Valve Connector End View (C1066)
        • Differential Pressure Feedback EGR Sensor Connector End View (C1068)
        • EGR Vacuum Regulator Solenoid Valve Connector End View (C1072)
        • A/C High Pressure Switch Connector End View (C1078)
        • A/C Compressor Cycling Switch Connector End View (C1081)
        • Manifold Absolute Pressure Sensor Connector End View (C1087)
        • Battery Connector End View (C1100A)
        • Battery Connector End View (C1100B)
        • Output Shaft Speed Sensor Connector End View (C1107)
        • Crankshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C1120)
        • Power Steering Pressure Switch Connector End View (C1121)
        • Right Front Side Lamp Connector End View (C1126)
        • Left Front Side Lamp Connector End View (C1127)
        • Ignition Coil Connector End View (C1134)
        • Ignition Coil Connector End View (C1136)
        • EGR Stepper Motor Connector End View (C1160)
        • Camshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C1180)
        • Fuel Injector 1 Connector End View (C1181)
        • Fuel Injector 2 Connector End View (C1182)
        • Fuel Injector 3 Connector End View (C1183)
        • Fuel Injector 4 Connector End View (C1184)
        • Fuel Injector 5 Connector End View (C1185)
        • Fuel Injector 6 Connector End View (C1186)
        • Throttle Position Sensor Connector End View (C1189)
        • Camshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C1275)
        • Crankshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C1339)
        • Mass Air Flow Sensor / Intake Air Temperature Sensor Connector End View (C1454)
        • Left Front Impact Severity Sensor Connector End View (C1465)
        • Right Front Impact Severity Sensor Connector End View (C1466)
        • Knock Sensor Connector End View (C1512)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor 11 Connector End View (C1551)
        • Brake Shift Interlock Connector End View (C2008)
        • Parking Brake Switch Connector End View (C2015)
        • Front Cigar Lighter Connector End View (C2031)
        • Power Point Connector End View (C2033)
        • Restraints Control Module Connector End View (C2041A)
        • Restraints Control Module Connector End View (C2041B)
        • Indicator Flasher Relay Connector End View (C2047)
        • Illumination Dimmer Connector End View (C2065)
        • Passive Anti-Theft Transceiver Connector End View (C2097)
        • Inline Connector End View (C2104)
        • Speed Control Set/Resume Switch Connector End View (C2177)
        • Speed Control On/Off Switch Connector End View (C2178)
        • Neutral Tow Indicator Connector End View (C2260)
        • Smart Junction Box Connector End View (C2280A)
        • Smart Junction Box Connector End View (C2280B)
        • Smart Junction Box Connector End View (C2280C)
        • Smart Junction Box Connector End View (C2280D)
        • Passenger Air Bag Deactivation Indicator Connector End View (C2286)
        • Satellite Radio Receiver Connector End View (C2358)
        • Subwoofer Amplifier Connector End View (C2982A)
        • Subwoofer Amplifier Connector End View (C2982B)
        • Seat Pressure Sensor Connector End View (C3042)
        • Occupant Classification Sensor Module Connector End View (C3159)
        • Driver Safety Belt Buckle Pretensioner Connector End View (C3201)
        • Passenger Safety Belt Buckle Pretensioner Connector End View (C3202)
        • Safety Belt Tension Sensor Connector End View (C3251)
        • Audio Input Jack Connector End View (C3312)
        • Fuel Tank Unit Connector End View (C4033)
    • System Wiring Diagrams
      • Using lemon2025'S Wiring Diagrams
      • Air Conditioning
      • Anti-Lock Brakes
      • Anti-Theft
      • Body Control Modules
      • Computer Data Lines
      • Cooling Fan
      • Cruise Control
      • Engine Performance
        • 2.3L
        • 3.0L
        • 4.0L
      • Exterior Lights
      • Ground Distribution
      • Headlights
      • Horn
      • Instrument Cluster
      • Interior Lights
      • Power Distribution
      • Power Door Locks
      • Power Mirrors
      • Power Windows
      • Radio
      • Shift Interlock
      • Starting/Charging
      • Supplemental Restraints
      • Transmission
        • 2.3L
        • 3.0L
        • 4.0L
      • Warning Systems
      • Wiper/Washer
    • Using lemon2025'S System Wiring Diagrams
      • Introduction
      • Wiring Diagram Features And Controls
      • Wiring Diagram Color Abbreviations
      • Wiring Diagram Symbols
      • Wiring Diagram Ground Number Locations
      • Wiring Diagram Component Locations
• Accessories & Equipment
  • Accessories Control Systems
    • Component Testing
      • Introduction
      • Component Testing
        • Main light switch, Exterior lamps
          • Schematic
          • Terminals
          • Component testing procedure
        • Illumination dimmer
          • Schematic
          • Terminals
          • Component testing procedure
        • Ignition switch
          • Schematic
          • Terminals
          • Component testing procedure
        • Multifunction Switch, Wiper/Washer Portion
          • Schematic
          • Terminals
          • Component testing procedure
        • Multifunction Switch, Lamp Portion
          • Schematic
          • Terminals
          • Component testing procedure
        • Multifunction Switch, Turn Portion
          • Schematic
          • Terminals
          • Component testing procedure
        • Master window adjust switch
          • Schematic
          • Terminals
          • Component testing procedure
        • Power Window Switch, Passenger Door
          • Schematic
          • Terminals
          • Component testing procedure
        • Exterior rear view mirror switch
          • Schematic
          • Terminals
          • Component testing procedure
        • Door lock switch, Driver side
          • Schematic
          • Terminals
          • Component testing procedure
        • Door lock switch, Passenger side
          • Schematic
          • Terminals
          • Component testing procedure
        • Relay - Mini ISO
          • Schematic
          • Terminals
          • Component testing procedure (no voltage applied)
          • Component testing procedure (voltage applied)
        • Relay - Micro ISO
          • Schematic
          • Terminals
          • Component testing procedure (no voltage applied)
          • Component testing procedure (voltage applied)
  • Anti-Theft Systems
    • Anti-Theft - Passive Anti-Theft System (Pats)
      • Description & Operation
        • Anti-Theft
          • Notes
          • PATS Function
          • Anti-Theft Indicator Operation
          • Unlimited Key Mode
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Anti-Theft
          • Special Tools
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection & Verification
          • DTC Charts
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: DTC B2103 - Antenna Not Connected
            • Pinpoint Test B: DTC B1600 - PATS Ignition Key Transponder Signal Is Not Received
            • Pinpoint Test C: DTC B1601 - PATS Received Incorrect Key-Code From Ignition Key Transponder
            • Pinpoint Test D: DTC B1602 - PATS Received Invalid Format Of Key-Code From Ignition Key Transponder
            • Pinpoint Test E: DTC B1681 - PATS Transceiver Module Signal Is Not Received
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Anti-Theft Indicator Is Always/Never On
            • Pinpoint Test G: DTC U0100 and U2511 - CAN - Data Mis-Match (Receive Data Does Not Match Expected) & Lost Communication With ECM/PCM
            • Pinpoint Test H: The Vehicle Does Not Start
      • General Procedures
        • Anti-Theft Security Access
        • Key Programming Switch State Control
        • Key Programming Using Diagnostic Equipment
        • Key Programming Using Two Programmed Keys
        • Spare Key Programming - Unlimited Key Mode
          • Notes
          • Enabling Unlimited Key Mode
          • Disabling Unlimited Key Mode
        • Spare Key Programming - Using Diagnostic Equipment
        • Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS) Parameter Reset
      • Removal & Installation
        • Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS) Transceiver
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
    • Handles, Locks, Latches And Entry Systems
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Handles, Locks, Latches & Entry Systems
          • Notes
          • Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) System
          • Unlock Inhibit Feature
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Locks, Latches & Entry Systems
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection & Verification
          • DTC Chart
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: All Door Locks Are Inoperative From One Switch
            • Pinpoint Test B: All Door Locks Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test C: A Single Door Lock Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Doors Do Not Lock/Unlock Using The Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) Transmitter
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) Transmitter Is Out Of Synchronization
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Panic Feature Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) Transmitter Has Poor Range Performance
      • General Procedures
        • Latch Adjustment - Hood
        • Remote Keyless Entry Transmitter Programming
      • Removal & Installation
        • Hood Latch & Components - Exploded View
        • Hood Latch
          • Removal & Installation
        • Hood Latch Release Handle
          • Removal & Installation
        • Front Door Handles, Locks & Latches - Exploded View
        • Front Door Latch
          • Removal & Installation
        • Exterior Front Door Handle
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Interior Door Handle
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Door Lock Actuator
          • Removal & Installation
        • Door Lock Cylinder
          • Removal & Installation
        • Rear Door Handles, Locks & Latches - Exploded View
        • Rear Door Latch - Upper
          • Removal & Installation
        • Rear Door Latch - Lower
          • Removal & Installation
        • Exterior Rear Door Handle
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Tailgate Handle, Lock & Latches - Exploded View
        • Tailgate Latch
          • Removal & Installation
        • Tailgate Latch Remote Control
          • Removal & Installation
        • Tailgate Release Handle
          • Removal & Installation
        • Ignition Lock Cylinder - Functional
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Ignition Lock Cylinder - Non Functional
          • Removal & Installation
        • Door Ajar Switch
          • Removal & Installation
        • Door Ajar Switch - SuperCab Four-Door
          • Removal & Installation
    • Passive Anti-Theft System Job Aid
      • Passive Anti-Theft System (Pats) Specifications
        • Ford System (Pats) Specifications
        • LINCOLN System (Pats) Specifications
        • Mercury System (Pats) Specifications
      • Pats Key Types
      • Diagnostic Trouble Codes
      • Non-Pats Issues
      • Things To Do:
      • Things Not To Do:
      • Programming Procedures
        • Notes
        • Key Programming Using Diagnostic Tools
          • Procedure #1
          • Procedure #2
          • Procedure #3
        • Spare Key Programming Using Diagnostic Tools
          • Procedure #4
        • Spare Key Programming Using Programmed Keys
          • Procedure #5
          • Procedure #6
        • Replacing Pats Control Module Or Pcm
          • Procedure #7
          • Procedure #8
  • Communication Devices
    • Module Communications Network System
      • Description & Operation
        • Communications Network
          • Notes
          • ISO 9141 Network Operation
          • HS-CAN Network Operation
          • Network Termination
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Communications Network
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection & Verification
          • DTC Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The PCM Does Not Respond To The Scan Tool or No High Speed Controller Area Network (HS-CAN) Communication
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Occupant Classification System Module (OCSM) Does Not Communicate With the Scan Tool
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Restraints Control Module (RCM) Does Not Respond To The Scan Tool
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Smart Junction Box (SJB) Does Not Respond To The Scan Tool
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Instrument Cluster (IC) Does Not Respond To The Scan Tool
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Four Wheel Drive (4X4) Control Module Does Not Respond To The Scan Tool
            • Pinpoint Test G: The ABS Module Does Not Respond To The Scan Tool or No International Standards Organization (ISO) 9141 Network Communication
            • Pinpoint Test H: Intermittent No High Speed Controller Area Network (HS-CAN) Communication, One Or More Modules Are Not Responding During Network Test
            • Pinpoint Test I: No Power To The Scan Tool
    • Module Configuration System
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Module Configuration
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Definition of Terms
          • Inspection and Verification
      • General Procedures
        • Programmable Module Installation
          • Notes
          • Programmable Module Installation (PMI) Using the Integrated Diagnostic System (IDS) When the Original Module is Available
          • Programmable Module Installation (PMI) Using the Integrated Diagnostic System (IDS) When the Original Module is NOT Available
    • MULTIFUNCTION Electronic Modules System
      • Description & Operation
        • Module Controlled Functions
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Chart
        • Smart Junction Box (SJB)
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection & Verification
          • DTC Charts
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: DTC B106E - Solid State Driver Disabled Due To Short Circuit
      • Removal & Installation
        • Smart Junction Box (SJB)
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
  • Cruise Control Systems
    • Specifications
      • Torque Specifications
    • Description & Operation
      • Speed Control
    • Diagnostic Tests
      • Speed Control
        • Notes
        • Principles of Operation
        • Inspection & Verification
        • Symptom Chart
        • Pinpoint Tests
          • Pinpoint Test A: The Speed Control Is Inoperative - No Flash Codes
          • Pinpoint Test B: The Set Speed Fluctuates
          • Pinpoint Test C: The Speed Control Does Not Disengage When The Brakes Are Applied
          • Pinpoint Test D: Flash Code 2 - Stoplamp Switch Circuit Failure
          • Pinpoint Test E: Flash Code 3 - Speed Control Deactivator Switch Circuit Failure
          • Pinpoint Test F: Flash Code 4 - Vehicle Speed Signal Circuit Failure
          • Pinpoint Test G: The Speed Control Indicator Lamp Is Always On
          • Pinpoint Test H: The Speed Control Switch Is Inoperative
    • Removal & Installation
      • Speed Control Cable
        • Notes
        • Removal & Installation
      • Speed Control Actuator
        • Notes
        • Removal & Installation
      • Speed Control Switch
        • Removal & Installation
      • Speed Control Deactivator Switch
        • Notes
        • Removal
  • Information System And Entertainment Systems
    • Specifications
      • Torque Specifications
    • Description & Operation
      • Information & Entertainment System
        • Audio Line-Up
        • Antenna
        • Speaker Configurations
        • Audio Unit Shipment Mode
    • Diagnostic Tests
      • Information & Entertainment System
        • Notes
        • Principles of Operation
        • Inspection & Verification
        • DTC Charts
        • Symptom Chart
        • Pinpoint Tests
          • Pinpoint Test A: The Audio Unit Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
          • Pinpoint Test B: Poor Reception
          • Pinpoint Test C: Poor Quality/Distorted/No Sound From One Or More Speakers (Not All Speakers)
          • Pinpoint Test D: The Subwoofer Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
          • Pinpoint Test E: Loud Popping Sound When Cycling The Ignition Switch
          • Pinpoint Test F: Poor Reception - Satellite Audio
          • Pinpoint Test G: The Satellite Audio Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
          • Pinpoint Test H: The Audio Input Jack Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly - Audio Units With External Audio Input Jack
    • General Procedures
      • Audio Unit Shipment Mode
        • Entering Shipment Mode
        • Exiting Shipment Mode
      • Satellite Radio Receiver Electronic Serial Number (ESN) Retrieval
        • Audio Units Without Navigation
        • Audio Units With Navigation
    • Removal & Installation
      • Antenna
        • Notes
        • Removal & Installation
      • Antenna - Satellite Radio
        • Notes
        • Removal & Installation
      • Antenna Cable
        • Notes
        • Removal & Installation
      • Antenna Cable - Satellite Radio
        • Notes
        • Removal & Installation
      • Audio Unit
        • Notes
        • Removal & Installation
      • Door Speaker
        • Notes
        • Removal & Installation
      • Satellite Radio Receiver
        • Notes
        • Removal & Installation
      • Speaker Enclosure
        • Notes
        • Removal & Installation
      • Subwoofer Amplifier
        • Notes
        • Removal & Installation
  • Exterior Lights
    • Exterior Lighting System
      • Description And Operation
        • Exterior Lighting
          • Notes
          • Headlamps
          • Stoplamps
          • Turn Signal/Hazard Lamps
          • Parking Lamps
          • Fog Lamps
          • Reversing Lamps
          • Trailer Tow
          • Daytime Running Lamps (DRL)
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Headlamps
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
          • DTC Charts
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Both Headlamps Are Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test A: Both Headlamps Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: Both Low Beams Are Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test B: Both Low Beams Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test C: Both High Beams Are Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test C: Both High Beams Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test D: One Low Beam Headlamp Is Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test D: One Low Beam Headlamp Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Headlamps Are On Continuously
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test E: The Headlamps Are On Continuously
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Flash-To-Pass Feature Is Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test F: The Flash-To-Pass Feature Is Inoperative
        • Stoplamps
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test G: One Or More Stoplamps Are Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test G: One Or More STOPLAMPS Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test H: The Stoplamps Are On Continuously
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test H: The STOPLAMPS Are On Continuously
        • Turn Signal and Hazard Lamps
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
            • Notes
            • Turn Signal Lamps
            • Hazard Lamps
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test I: The Turn Signal Lamps Are Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test I: The Turn Signal Lamps Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test J: One Turn Signal/Hazard Lamp Is Inoperative/Always On
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test J: One Turn Signal/Hazard Lamp Is Inoperative/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test K: The Hazard Lamps Are Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test K: The Hazard Lamps Are Inoperative
        • Parking, Rear and License Plate Lamps
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
          • DTC Charts
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test L: One Or More Parking, Rear Or License Plate Lamps Is Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test L: One Or More Parking, Rear Or License Plate Lamps Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test M: The Parking, Rear And License Plate Lamps Are Always On
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test M: The Parking, Rear And License Plate Lamps Are Always On
        • Fog Lamps
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
          • DTC Charts
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test N: The Fog Lamps Are Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test N: The Fog Lamps Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test O: The Individual Fog Lamp Is Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test O: The Individual Fog Lamp Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test P: The Fog Lamps Are On Continuously
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test P: The Fog Lamps Are On Continuously
        • Reversing Lamps
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test Q: The Reversing Lamps Are Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Q: The Reversing Lamps Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test R: The Individual Reversing Lamp Is Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test R: The Individual Reversing Lamp Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test S: The Reversing Lamps Are On Continuously
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test S: The Reversing Lamps Are On Continuously
        • Trailer Lamps
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test T: All The Trailer Lamps Are Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test T: All The Trailer Lamps Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test U: The Trailer Parking Lamps Are Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test U: The Trailer Parking Lamps Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test V: The Individual Trailer Lamp Is Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test V: The Individual Trailer Lamp Is Inoperative
        • Daytime Running Lamps (DRL)
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • DTC Charts
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test W: The Daytime Running Lamps (DRL) Are Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test W: The Daytime Running Lamps (DRL) Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test X: DTC U0155 - Lost Communication With Instrument Panel Cluster (IC) Control Module
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test X: DTC U0155 - Lost Communication With Instrument Panel Cluster (Ic) Control Module
      • General Procedures
        • Headlamp Adjustment
          • Notes
          • Headlamp Aiming
          • Photometric Aiming
          • Screen Method Aiming
        • Front Fog Lamp Adjustment
      • Removal And Installation
        • Headlamp Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Headlamp Bulb
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Fog Lamp
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Fog Lamp Bulb
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Side Turn Signal Lamp
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Stoplamp Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Headlamp Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
  • Gauges & Instrument Panels
    • Information System And Entertainment Systems
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Information & Entertainment System
          • Audio Line-Up
          • Antenna
          • Speaker Configurations
          • Audio Unit Shipment Mode
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Information & Entertainment System
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection & Verification
          • DTC Charts
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Audio Unit Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test B: Poor Reception
            • Pinpoint Test C: Poor Quality/Distorted/No Sound From One Or More Speakers (Not All Speakers)
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Subwoofer Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test E: Loud Popping Sound When Cycling The Ignition Switch
            • Pinpoint Test F: Poor Reception - Satellite Audio
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Satellite Audio Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test H: The Audio Input Jack Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly - Audio Units With External Audio Input Jack
      • General Procedures
        • Audio Unit Shipment Mode
          • Entering Shipment Mode
          • Exiting Shipment Mode
        • Satellite Radio Receiver Electronic Serial Number (ESN) Retrieval
          • Audio Units Without Navigation
          • Audio Units With Navigation
      • Removal & Installation
        • Antenna
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Antenna - Satellite Radio
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Antenna Cable
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Antenna Cable - Satellite Radio
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Audio Unit
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Door Speaker
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Satellite Radio Receiver
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Speaker Enclosure
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Subwoofer Amplifier
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
    • Instrument Cluster (Ic), Message Center, And Warning Chimes
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Instrument Cluster (IC)
        • Warning Chimes
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Instrument Cluster (IC) and Warning Chimes
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
            • Notes
            • Instrument Cluster (IC)
              • Instrument Cluster (IC) Configuration
              • Instrument Cluster (IC) Prove-Out
            • Warning Chimes
              • Notes
              • Warning Chime Characteristics
              • Safety Belt Warning Chime
              • Belt-Minder®
              • Door Ajar Warning Chime
              • Headlamp On Warning Chime
              • Key-in-Ignition Warning Chime
              • Air Bag Warning Chime
          • Inspection and Verification
          • DTC Charts
          • Instrument Cluster (IC) Self-Test Mode
          • Symptom Charts
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Incorrect Fuel Gauge Indication
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test A: Incorrect Fuel Gauge Indication
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Temperature Gauge Is Inoperative
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test B: Incorrect Temperature Gauge Indication
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Speedometer Is Inoperative/Inaccurate
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test C: The Speedometer Is Inoperative/Inaccurate
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Odometer Is Inoperative
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test D: The Odometer Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test E: Incorrect Tachometer Indication
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test E: Incorrect Tachometer Indication
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Low Oil Pressure Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test F: The Low Oil Pressure Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Charging System Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test G: The Charging System Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test H: The Brake Warning Indicator Is Never On
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test H: The Brake Warning Indicator Is Never On
            • Pinpoint Test I: The Brake Warning Indicator Is Always On
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test I: The Brake Warning Indicator Is Always On
            • Pinpoint Test J: The ABS Warning Indicator Is Never On
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test J: The Abs Warning Indicator Is Never On
            • Pinpoint Test K: The ABS Warning Indicator Is Always On
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test K: The Abs Warning Indicator Is Always On
            • Pinpoint Test L: The Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL) Is Never/Always On
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test L: The Malfunction Indicator Lamp (Mil) Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test M: The High Beam Indicator Is Never On
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test M: The High Beam Indicator Is Never On
            • Pinpoint Test N: The LH Turn Signal Indicator Is Never On
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test N: The LH Turn Signal Indicator Is Never On
            • Pinpoint Test O: The RH Turn Signal Indicator Is Never On
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test O: The RH Turn Signal Indicator Is Never On
            • Pinpoint Test P: The Overdrive (O/D) Off Indicator Is Never/Always On
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test P: The Overdrive (O/D) Off Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test Q: The Speed Control Indicator Is Never/Always On
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Q: The Speed Control Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test R: The Door Ajar Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test R: The Door Ajar Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test S: The Safety Belt Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test S: The Safety Belt Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test T: The Four-Wheel Drive (4WD) Low/4WD High Indicator Is Never/Always On
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test T: The Four-Wheel Drive (4WD) Low/4WD High Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test U: The Air Bag Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test U: The Air Bag Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test V: The Anti-Theft Indicator Is Never/Always On
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test V: The Anti-Theft Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test W: The Check Fuel Cap Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test W: The Check Fuel Cap Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test X: The Over-Temperature Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test X: The Over-Temperature Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test Y: The Fog Lamp Indicator Is Never/Always On
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Y: The Fog Lamp Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test Z: The Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Z: The Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test AA: The Instrument Cluster (IC) Is Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Aa: The Instrument Cluster (Ic) Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test AB: DTC B1318 - Battery Voltage Low
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Ab: DTC B1318 - Battery Voltage Low
            • Pinpoint Test AC: DTC B1363 - Ignition Start Circuit Fault
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Ac: DTC B1363 - Ignition Start Circuit Fault
            • Pinpoint Test AD: DTC U0151 - Lost Communication With Restraints Control Module (RCM)
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Ad: DTC U0151 - Lost Communication With Restraints Control Module (RCM)
            • Pinpoint Test AE: DTC U0100 - Lost Communication With The Powertrain Control Module (PCM)
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test AE: DTC U0100 - Lost Communication With Powertrain Control Module (Pcm)
            • Pinpoint Test AF: DTC U2472 - Unexpected Ignition State
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test AF: U2472 - Unexpected Ignition State
            • Pinpoint Test AG: The Key-In-Ignition Warning Chime Is Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Ag: The Key-In-Ignition Warning Chime Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test AH: The Headlamp On Warning Chime Does Not Operate Correctly
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Ah: The Headlamp On Warning Chime Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test AI: The Parking Brake On Warning Chime Does Not Operate Correctly
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Ai: The Parking Brake On Warning Chime Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test AJ: The Chime Sounds When The Driver Door Is Ajar (No Key In Ignition And Headlamps Off)
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test AJ: The Chime Sounds When The Driver Door Is Ajar (No Key In Ignition And Headlamps Off)
      • General Procedures
        • Belt-Minder® Deactivating/Activating
          • Preparation
          • Deactivating/Activating
      • Removal And Installation
        • Instrument Cluster (IC)
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Instrument Cluster (IC) Lens
          • Removal And Installation
        • Warning Indicator Bulb
          • Removal And Installation
        • Key-In-Ignition Warning Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
    • Instrument Cluster System And Panel Illumination
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Instrument Cluster & Panel Illumination
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Instrument Cluster & Panel Illumination
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Control Illumination Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Instrument Cluster Illumination Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Climate Control Illumination Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Audio System Illumination Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test E: One Or More Illumination Source(s) Is Inoperative
      • Removal & Installation
        • Instrument Cluster Bulb
          • Removal & Installation
        • Instrument Panel Dimmer Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
    • Instrument Panel And Console
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Removal & Installation
        • Instrument Panel - Exploded View
        • Instrument Panel
          • Removal & Installation
        • Floor Console
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Glove Compartment
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Instrument Cluster Center Finish Panel
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Instrument Cluster Finish Panel
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Power Point
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
  • Headlights
    • Exterior Lighting System
      • Description And Operation
        • Exterior Lighting
          • Notes
          • Headlamps
          • Stoplamps
          • Turn Signal/Hazard Lamps
          • Parking Lamps
          • Fog Lamps
          • Reversing Lamps
          • Trailer Tow
          • Daytime Running Lamps (DRL)
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Headlamps
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
          • DTC Charts
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Both Headlamps Are Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test A: Both Headlamps Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: Both Low Beams Are Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test B: Both Low Beams Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test C: Both High Beams Are Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test C: Both High Beams Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test D: One Low Beam Headlamp Is Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test D: One Low Beam Headlamp Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Headlamps Are On Continuously
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test E: The Headlamps Are On Continuously
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Flash-To-Pass Feature Is Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test F: The Flash-To-Pass Feature Is Inoperative
        • Stoplamps
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test G: One Or More Stoplamps Are Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test G: One Or More STOPLAMPS Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test H: The Stoplamps Are On Continuously
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test H: The STOPLAMPS Are On Continuously
        • Turn Signal and Hazard Lamps
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
            • Notes
            • Turn Signal Lamps
            • Hazard Lamps
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test I: The Turn Signal Lamps Are Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test I: The Turn Signal Lamps Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test J: One Turn Signal/Hazard Lamp Is Inoperative/Always On
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test J: One Turn Signal/Hazard Lamp Is Inoperative/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test K: The Hazard Lamps Are Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test K: The Hazard Lamps Are Inoperative
        • Parking, Rear and License Plate Lamps
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
          • DTC Charts
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test L: One Or More Parking, Rear Or License Plate Lamps Is Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test L: One Or More Parking, Rear Or License Plate Lamps Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test M: The Parking, Rear And License Plate Lamps Are Always On
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test M: The Parking, Rear And License Plate Lamps Are Always On
        • Fog Lamps
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
          • DTC Charts
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test N: The Fog Lamps Are Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test N: The Fog Lamps Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test O: The Individual Fog Lamp Is Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test O: The Individual Fog Lamp Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test P: The Fog Lamps Are On Continuously
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test P: The Fog Lamps Are On Continuously
        • Reversing Lamps
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test Q: The Reversing Lamps Are Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Q: The Reversing Lamps Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test R: The Individual Reversing Lamp Is Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test R: The Individual Reversing Lamp Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test S: The Reversing Lamps Are On Continuously
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test S: The Reversing Lamps Are On Continuously
        • Trailer Lamps
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test T: All The Trailer Lamps Are Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test T: All The Trailer Lamps Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test U: The Trailer Parking Lamps Are Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test U: The Trailer Parking Lamps Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test V: The Individual Trailer Lamp Is Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test V: The Individual Trailer Lamp Is Inoperative
        • Daytime Running Lamps (DRL)
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • DTC Charts
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test W: The Daytime Running Lamps (DRL) Are Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test W: The Daytime Running Lamps (DRL) Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test X: DTC U0155 - Lost Communication With Instrument Panel Cluster (IC) Control Module
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test X: DTC U0155 - Lost Communication With Instrument Panel Cluster (Ic) Control Module
      • General Procedures
        • Headlamp Adjustment
          • Notes
          • Headlamp Aiming
          • Photometric Aiming
          • Screen Method Aiming
        • Front Fog Lamp Adjustment
      • Removal And Installation
        • Headlamp Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Headlamp Bulb
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Fog Lamp
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Fog Lamp Bulb
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Side Turn Signal Lamp
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Stoplamp Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Headlamp Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
  • Horns
    • Horn System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Horn
          • Notes
          • Horn Location
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Horn
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection & Verification
          • DTC Charts
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Horn Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Horn Is Always On
      • Removal & Installation
        • Horn
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
  • Infotainment
    • Information System And Entertainment Systems
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Information & Entertainment System
          • Audio Line-Up
          • Antenna
          • Speaker Configurations
          • Audio Unit Shipment Mode
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Information & Entertainment System
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection & Verification
          • DTC Charts
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Audio Unit Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test B: Poor Reception
            • Pinpoint Test C: Poor Quality/Distorted/No Sound From One Or More Speakers (Not All Speakers)
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Subwoofer Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test E: Loud Popping Sound When Cycling The Ignition Switch
            • Pinpoint Test F: Poor Reception - Satellite Audio
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Satellite Audio Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test H: The Audio Input Jack Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly - Audio Units With External Audio Input Jack
      • General Procedures
        • Audio Unit Shipment Mode
          • Entering Shipment Mode
          • Exiting Shipment Mode
        • Satellite Radio Receiver Electronic Serial Number (ESN) Retrieval
          • Audio Units Without Navigation
          • Audio Units With Navigation
      • Removal & Installation
        • Antenna
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Antenna - Satellite Radio
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Antenna Cable
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Antenna Cable - Satellite Radio
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Audio Unit
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Door Speaker
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Satellite Radio Receiver
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Speaker Enclosure
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Subwoofer Amplifier
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
  • Interior/Exterior Trim
    • Exterior Trim And Ornamentation
      • Removal And Installation
        • Radiator Grille
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Fender Moulding
    • Interior Trim And Ornamentation
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Removal And Installation
        • Interior Trim - Exploded View
        • A-Pillar Trim Panel
        • B-Pillar Trim Panel - Regular Cab
        • C-Pillar Trim Panel - SuperCab Two-Door
        • C-Pillar Trim Panel - SuperCab Four-Door
        • Door Trim Panel - Front
        • Door Trim Panel - Rear
        • Headliner
  • Interior/Illumination Lights
    • Interior Lighting System
      • Description & Operation
        • Interior Lighting
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Interior Lighting
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection & Verification
          • DTC Charts
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Interior Lamp is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Interior Lamp Stays On Continuously
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Interior Lamp Does Not Turn On With One Door Open
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Illuminated Entry Is Inoperative When Using The Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) Transmitter
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Demand Lighting Is Inoperative
  • Mirrors
    • Rear View Mirror System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Rear View Mirrors
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Rear View Mirrors
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Test
      • General Procedures
        • Exterior Mirror Damper Spring Alignment
      • Removal & Installation
        • Exterior Mirrors - Exploded View
        • Exterior Mirror
          • Removal & Installation
        • Exterior Mirror Glass
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Exterior Mirror Motor
          • Removal & Installation
        • Exterior Mirror Cover
          • Removal & Installation
        • Exterior Mirror Control Switch
          • Removal & Installation
        • Interior Rear View Mirror
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
  • Seats
    • Seat System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Seats
          • Front Seats
          • Occupant Classification Sensor (OCS) System
          • Rear Seats
            • Second Row Seating - SuperCab Only
      • Removal And Installation
        • Seat - Front
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Seat - Exploded View, Front
        • Seat Armrest - 60 Percent
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Seat Backrest - Front, 60 Percent
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Seat Backrest - Front, Bucket and 40 Percent
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Seat Backrest Cover - Front
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Seat Cushion Cover - Front
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Seat Track - 60 Percent
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Seat Track - Bucket and 40 Percent
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Seat - Exploded View, Rear
        • Seat - Rear, 2-Door, SuperCab
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Seat - Rear, 4-Door, SuperCab
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
      • Disassembly And Assembly
        • Seat Backrest - Front, Bucket and 40 Percent
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Seat Backrest - Front, 60 Percent
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Seat Backrest - Rear, 2-Door, SuperCab
          • Notes
          • Disassembly And Assembly
        • Seat Cushion - Rear, 2-Door, SuperCab
          • Notes
          • Disassembly And Assembly
        • Seat Cushion - Front, Bucket and 40 Percent
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Seat Cushion - Front, 60 Percent
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
  • Steering Column Switches
    • Specifications
      • Torque Specifications
    • Description & Operation
      • Steering Column Switches
    • Diagnostic Tests
      • Steering Column Switches
        • Notes
        • Principles of Operation
        • Inspection & Verification
        • Symptom Chart
        • Pinpoint Tests
          • Pinpoint Test A: No Power in All Ignition Switch Positions
          • Pinpoint Test B: DTC B1359 - No Power in ACC
          • Pinpoint Test C: DTC B1555 - No Power in RUN
          • Pinpoint Test D: No Power in START
        • Component Tests
          • Ignition Switch - Mechanical
          • Ignition Switch - Electrical
          • Multi-function Switch - Electrical
    • Removal & Installation
      • Steering Column Multifunction Switch
        • Notes
        • Removal & Installation
      • Ignition Switch
        • Notes
        • Removal & Installation
      • Key Release Button
        • Notes
        • Removal & Installation
  • Window Motors & Regulators
    • Windows And Glass
      • Specifications
        • Material Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Glass, Frames & Mechanisms
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Glass, Frames & Mechanisms
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: All Power Windows are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: A Single Power Window is Inoperative - Driver Power Window
            • Pinpoint Test C: A Single Power Window is Inoperative - Passenger Power Window
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Delayed Accessory is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Delayed Accessory Does Not Turn Off
      • Removal & Installation
        • Glass, Frames & Mechanisms - Exploded View
        • Door Glass Top Run
          • Removal & Installation
        • Window Glass - Front Door
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Window Regulator & Motor - Front Door
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Windshield Glass
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Window Glass - Rear Quarter
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Window Glass - Rear
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Window Control Switch
          • Removal & Installation
  • Wiper/Washer Systems
    • Wiper System & Washer System
      • Specifications
        • Material Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Wipers & Washers
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Wipers & Washers
          • Special Tools
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Wipers are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Wipers Stay On Continuously
            • Pinpoint Test C: The High/Low Wiper Speeds Do Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Intermittent Wiper Speed Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Washer Pump is Inoperative
      • Removal & Installation
        • Wiper & Washer System - Exploded View
        • Wiper Pivot Arm
          • Removal & Installation
        • Wiper Mounting Arm & Pivot Shaft
          • Removal & Installation
        • Wiper Motor
          • Removal & Installation
        • Washer Pump & Reservoir - 3.0L (2V) & 4.0L SOHC
          • Removal & Installation
        • Washer Pump & Reservoir - 2.3L
          • Removal & Installation
• Body & Frame
  • Door Locks
    • Anti-Theft - Passive Anti-Theft System (Pats)
      • Description & Operation
        • Anti-Theft
          • Notes
          • PATS Function
          • Anti-Theft Indicator Operation
          • Unlimited Key Mode
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Anti-Theft
          • Special Tools
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection & Verification
          • DTC Charts
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: DTC B2103 - Antenna Not Connected
            • Pinpoint Test B: DTC B1600 - PATS Ignition Key Transponder Signal Is Not Received
            • Pinpoint Test C: DTC B1601 - PATS Received Incorrect Key-Code From Ignition Key Transponder
            • Pinpoint Test D: DTC B1602 - PATS Received Invalid Format Of Key-Code From Ignition Key Transponder
            • Pinpoint Test E: DTC B1681 - PATS Transceiver Module Signal Is Not Received
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Anti-Theft Indicator Is Always/Never On
            • Pinpoint Test G: DTC U0100 and U2511 - CAN - Data Mis-Match (Receive Data Does Not Match Expected) & Lost Communication With ECM/PCM
            • Pinpoint Test H: The Vehicle Does Not Start
      • General Procedures
        • Anti-Theft Security Access
        • Key Programming Switch State Control
        • Key Programming Using Diagnostic Equipment
        • Key Programming Using Two Programmed Keys
        • Spare Key Programming - Unlimited Key Mode
          • Notes
          • Enabling Unlimited Key Mode
          • Disabling Unlimited Key Mode
        • Spare Key Programming - Using Diagnostic Equipment
        • Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS) Parameter Reset
      • Removal & Installation
        • Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS) Transceiver
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
    • Handles, Locks, Latches And Entry Systems
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Handles, Locks, Latches & Entry Systems
          • Notes
          • Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) System
          • Unlock Inhibit Feature
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Locks, Latches & Entry Systems
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection & Verification
          • DTC Chart
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: All Door Locks Are Inoperative From One Switch
            • Pinpoint Test B: All Door Locks Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test C: A Single Door Lock Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Doors Do Not Lock/Unlock Using The Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) Transmitter
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) Transmitter Is Out Of Synchronization
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Panic Feature Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) Transmitter Has Poor Range Performance
      • General Procedures
        • Latch Adjustment - Hood
        • Remote Keyless Entry Transmitter Programming
      • Removal & Installation
        • Hood Latch & Components - Exploded View
        • Hood Latch
          • Removal & Installation
        • Hood Latch Release Handle
          • Removal & Installation
        • Front Door Handles, Locks & Latches - Exploded View
        • Front Door Latch
          • Removal & Installation
        • Exterior Front Door Handle
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Interior Door Handle
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Door Lock Actuator
          • Removal & Installation
        • Door Lock Cylinder
          • Removal & Installation
        • Rear Door Handles, Locks & Latches - Exploded View
        • Rear Door Latch - Upper
          • Removal & Installation
        • Rear Door Latch - Lower
          • Removal & Installation
        • Exterior Rear Door Handle
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Tailgate Handle, Lock & Latches - Exploded View
        • Tailgate Latch
          • Removal & Installation
        • Tailgate Latch Remote Control
          • Removal & Installation
        • Tailgate Release Handle
          • Removal & Installation
        • Ignition Lock Cylinder - Functional
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Ignition Lock Cylinder - Non Functional
          • Removal & Installation
        • Door Ajar Switch
          • Removal & Installation
        • Door Ajar Switch - SuperCab Four-Door
          • Removal & Installation
    • Passive Anti-Theft System Job Aid
      • Passive Anti-Theft System (Pats) Specifications
        • Ford System (Pats) Specifications
        • LINCOLN System (Pats) Specifications
        • Mercury System (Pats) Specifications
      • Pats Key Types
      • Diagnostic Trouble Codes
      • Non-Pats Issues
      • Things To Do:
      • Things Not To Do:
      • Programming Procedures
        • Notes
        • Key Programming Using Diagnostic Tools
          • Procedure #1
          • Procedure #2
          • Procedure #3
        • Spare Key Programming Using Diagnostic Tools
          • Procedure #4
        • Spare Key Programming Using Programmed Keys
          • Procedure #5
          • Procedure #6
        • Replacing Pats Control Module Or Pcm
          • Procedure #7
          • Procedure #8
  • Exterior Body Panels
    • Body Panel System - Body Closures
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • General Procedures
        • Door Alignment - Front
        • Door Alignment - Rear, 4-Door
        • Striker Adjustment
      • Removal And Installation
        • Door - Front
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Door - Rear, 4-Door
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Door Check Arm - Rear, SuperCab
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
    • Body Panel System - Front End Body Panels
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • General Procedures
        • Hood Alignment
      • Removal & Installation
        • Front End Body Panels - Exploded View
        • Fender
          • Removal & Installation
        • Fender Splash Shield
        • Radiator Grille Opening Panel
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Radiator Grille Opening Panel Reinforcement
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
    • Bumper System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Removal And Installation
        • Bumper - Exploded View, Front
        • Bumper Cover - Front
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Bumper - Front
          • Removal And Installation
        • Bumper - Exploded View, Rear
        • Bumper - Rear, Hitch Plate
          • Removal And Installation
        • Bumper - Rear, Beam
          • Removal And Installation
        • Bumper Bracket - Rear
          • Removal And Installation
  • Exterior/Interior Trim
    • Exterior Trim And Ornamentation
      • Removal And Installation
        • Radiator Grille
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Fender Moulding
    • Interior Trim And Ornamentation
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Removal And Installation
        • Interior Trim - Exploded View
        • A-Pillar Trim Panel
        • B-Pillar Trim Panel - Regular Cab
        • C-Pillar Trim Panel - SuperCab Two-Door
        • C-Pillar Trim Panel - SuperCab Four-Door
        • Door Trim Panel - Front
        • Door Trim Panel - Rear
        • Headliner
  • Frames, Subframes & Crossmembers
    • Body Panel System - Full Frame And Body Mounting
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Frame and Body Mounting
      • Removal And Installation
        • Transmission Support Crossmember
    • Body Panel System - Pickup Bed And Platform Body
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • General Procedures
        • Pickup Bed Alignment
        • Pickup Bed Lean
        • Pickup Bed Shimming
      • Removal And Installation
        • Pickup Bed
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Fender
  • Mirrors
    • Rear View Mirror System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Rear View Mirrors
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Rear View Mirrors
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Test
      • General Procedures
        • Exterior Mirror Damper Spring Alignment
      • Removal & Installation
        • Exterior Mirrors - Exploded View
        • Exterior Mirror
          • Removal & Installation
        • Exterior Mirror Glass
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Exterior Mirror Motor
          • Removal & Installation
        • Exterior Mirror Cover
          • Removal & Installation
        • Exterior Mirror Control Switch
          • Removal & Installation
        • Interior Rear View Mirror
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
  • Seats
    • Seat System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Seats
          • Front Seats
          • Occupant Classification Sensor (OCS) System
          • Rear Seats
            • Second Row Seating - SuperCab Only
      • Removal And Installation
        • Seat - Front
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Seat - Exploded View, Front
        • Seat Armrest - 60 Percent
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Seat Backrest - Front, 60 Percent
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Seat Backrest - Front, Bucket and 40 Percent
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Seat Backrest Cover - Front
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Seat Cushion Cover - Front
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Seat Track - 60 Percent
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Seat Track - Bucket and 40 Percent
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Seat - Exploded View, Rear
        • Seat - Rear, 2-Door, SuperCab
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Seat - Rear, 4-Door, SuperCab
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
      • Disassembly And Assembly
        • Seat Backrest - Front, Bucket and 40 Percent
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Seat Backrest - Front, 60 Percent
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Seat Backrest - Rear, 2-Door, SuperCab
          • Notes
          • Disassembly And Assembly
        • Seat Cushion - Rear, 2-Door, SuperCab
          • Notes
          • Disassembly And Assembly
        • Seat Cushion - Front, Bucket and 40 Percent
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Seat Cushion - Front, 60 Percent
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
  • Windows And Glass
    • Specifications
      • Material Specifications
      • Torque Specifications
    • Description & Operation
      • Glass, Frames & Mechanisms
    • Diagnostic Tests
      • Glass, Frames & Mechanisms
        • Notes
        • Principles of Operation
        • Inspection & Verification
        • Symptom Chart
        • Pinpoint Tests
          • Pinpoint Test A: All Power Windows are Inoperative
          • Pinpoint Test B: A Single Power Window is Inoperative - Driver Power Window
          • Pinpoint Test C: A Single Power Window is Inoperative - Passenger Power Window
          • Pinpoint Test D: The Delayed Accessory is Inoperative
          • Pinpoint Test E: The Delayed Accessory Does Not Turn Off
    • Removal & Installation
      • Glass, Frames & Mechanisms - Exploded View
      • Door Glass Top Run
        • Removal & Installation
      • Window Glass - Front Door
        • Notes
        • Removal & Installation
      • Window Regulator & Motor - Front Door
        • Notes
        • Removal & Installation
      • Windshield Glass
        • Notes
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Window Glass - Rear Quarter
        • Notes
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Window Glass - Rear
        • Notes
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Window Control Switch
        • Removal & Installation
• Brakes
  • Anti-Lock Brakes
    • Anti-Lock Brake System
      • Specifications
        • Material Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Anti-Lock Control
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Anti-Lock Control
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: DTCs B1317, B1318 and C1186 - Battery Voltage High/Low and ABS Power Relay Output Open Circuit
            • Pinpoint Test B: DTCs C1145, C1155 and C1230 - Wheel Speed Sensor Circuit Failure
            • Pinpoint Test C: DTCs C1148, C1158, C1229, C1233, C1234 and C1237 - Wheel Speed Sensor Coherency Fault/Signal Incorrect
            • Pinpoint Test D: DTCs C1095 and C1096 - ABS Hydraulic Pump Motor Circuit Failure/Open
            • Pinpoint Test E: DTC B1485 - Brake Pedal Input Circuit Battery Short
            • Pinpoint Test F: DTC C1414 - Incorrect Module Design Level
            • Pinpoint Test G: DTC C1187 - Brake Fluid Level Input Circuit Open
      • Removal & Installation
        • Hydraulic Control Unit (HCU)
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Anti-Lock Brake System (ABS) Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Wheel Speed Sensor - Front, Rear Wheel Drive (RWD)
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Wheel Speed Sensor - Front, Four Wheel Drive (4WD)
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Wheel Speed Sensor - Rear
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
    • Brake System - General Information
      • Specifications
        • Material Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Brake System
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Brake System
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Symptom Chart - Brake System
          • Symptom Chart - Noise, Vibration & Harshness (NVH)
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Red Brake Warning Indicator is Illuminated and the Yellow ABS Warning Indicator is Not Illuminated
            • Pinpoint Test B: Vibration When the Brakes are Applied
          • Component Tests
            • Brake Booster
            • Brake Booster Check Valve
            • Brake Master Cylinder - Bypass Condition
            • Brake Master Cylinder - Compensator Port
      • General Procedures
        • Brake Disc Machining
        • Component Bleeding
          • Notes
          • Master Cylinder Priming
          • Brake caliper
          • Wheel Cylinder
        • Brake System Bleeding
          • Notes
          • ABS Hydraulic Control Unit (HCU) Bleeding
          • Manual Bleeding Method
          • Pressure Bleeding Method
        • Brake System Leak Check
  • Mechanical - Hydraulic
    • Brake System - General Information
      • Specifications
        • Material Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Brake System
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Brake System
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Symptom Chart - Brake System
          • Symptom Chart - Noise, Vibration & Harshness (NVH)
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Red Brake Warning Indicator is Illuminated and the Yellow ABS Warning Indicator is Not Illuminated
            • Pinpoint Test B: Vibration When the Brakes are Applied
          • Component Tests
            • Brake Booster
            • Brake Booster Check Valve
            • Brake Master Cylinder - Bypass Condition
            • Brake Master Cylinder - Compensator Port
      • General Procedures
        • Brake Disc Machining
        • Component Bleeding
          • Notes
          • Master Cylinder Priming
          • Brake caliper
          • Wheel Cylinder
        • Brake System Bleeding
          • Notes
          • ABS Hydraulic Control Unit (HCU) Bleeding
          • Manual Bleeding Method
          • Pressure Bleeding Method
        • Brake System Leak Check
    • Drum Brake System
      • Specifications
        • Material Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Drum Brake
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Drum Brake
      • General Procedures
        • Brake Shoe Adjustment
          • Notes
          • Brake Drums Removed
          • Brake Drums Installed
      • Removal & Installation
        • Brake Drum
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Brake Shoes
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Wheel Cylinder
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
      • Disassembly & Assembly
        • Wheel Cylinder
          • Notes
          • Disassembly & Assembly
    • Front Disc Brake System
      • Specifications
        • Material Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Front Disc Brake
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Front Disc Brake
      • Removal & Installation
        • Front Brake Pads
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Front Brake Caliper
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Front Brake Caliper Anchor Plate
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Front Disc Brake
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Front Disc Brake Shield
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Front Brake Flexible Hose
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
    • Hydraulic Brake System Actuation
      • Specifications
        • Material
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Hydraulic Brake Actuation
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Hydraulic Brake Actuation
      • Removal And Installation
        • Brake Pedal and Bracket
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Brake Master Cylinder
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
    • Power Brake Actuation -- Brake Booster
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Brake Booster
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Power Brake System
      • Removal And Installation
        • Brake Booster
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
  • Parking Brake System And Actuation
    • Specifications
      • Material Specifications
      • Torque Specifications
    • Description & Operation
      • Parking Brake
    • Diagnostic Tests
      • Parking Brake
        • Notes
        • Principles of Operation
        • Inspection & Verification
        • Symptom Chart
        • Pinpoint Tests
          • Pinpoint Test A: The Parking Brake Does Not Apply
          • Pinpoint Test B: The Parking Brake Will Not Release
    • General Procedures
      • Parking Brake Cable Tension Release
    • Removal & Installation
      • Parking Brake Control
        • Notes
        • Removal & Installation
      • Parking Brake Cable - Front
        • Notes
        • Removal & Installation
      • Parking Brake Cable - Rear
        • Notes
        • Removal & Installation
  • Traction Control
    • Anti-Lock Brake System
      • Specifications
        • Material Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Anti-Lock Control
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Anti-Lock Control
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: DTCs B1317, B1318 and C1186 - Battery Voltage High/Low and ABS Power Relay Output Open Circuit
            • Pinpoint Test B: DTCs C1145, C1155 and C1230 - Wheel Speed Sensor Circuit Failure
            • Pinpoint Test C: DTCs C1148, C1158, C1229, C1233, C1234 and C1237 - Wheel Speed Sensor Coherency Fault/Signal Incorrect
            • Pinpoint Test D: DTCs C1095 and C1096 - ABS Hydraulic Pump Motor Circuit Failure/Open
            • Pinpoint Test E: DTC B1485 - Brake Pedal Input Circuit Battery Short
            • Pinpoint Test F: DTC C1414 - Incorrect Module Design Level
            • Pinpoint Test G: DTC C1187 - Brake Fluid Level Input Circuit Open
      • Removal & Installation
        • Hydraulic Control Unit (HCU)
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Anti-Lock Brake System (ABS) Module
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Wheel Speed Sensor - Front, Rear Wheel Drive (RWD)
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Wheel Speed Sensor - Front, Four Wheel Drive (4WD)
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Wheel Speed Sensor - Rear
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
    • Brake System - General Information
      • Specifications
        • Material Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Brake System
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Brake System
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Symptom Chart - Brake System
          • Symptom Chart - Noise, Vibration & Harshness (NVH)
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Red Brake Warning Indicator is Illuminated and the Yellow ABS Warning Indicator is Not Illuminated
            • Pinpoint Test B: Vibration When the Brakes are Applied
          • Component Tests
            • Brake Booster
            • Brake Booster Check Valve
            • Brake Master Cylinder - Bypass Condition
            • Brake Master Cylinder - Compensator Port
      • General Procedures
        • Brake Disc Machining
        • Component Bleeding
          • Notes
          • Master Cylinder Priming
          • Brake caliper
          • Wheel Cylinder
        • Brake System Bleeding
          • Notes
          • ABS Hydraulic Control Unit (HCU) Bleeding
          • Manual Bleeding Method
          • Pressure Bleeding Method
        • Brake System Leak Check
• Drivelines & Axles
  • Axle Shafts
    • Driveline System - General Information
      • Specifications
        • Material Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Driveline System
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Driveline System
          • Notes
          • Principals of Operation
          • Symptom Chart - Driveline
          • Symptom Charts - Noise, Vibration & Harshness (NVH)
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Component Tests
      • General Procedures
        • Driveline Angle Measurement
        • Driveshaft Runout & Balancing
          • Notes
          • Driveshaft Inspection
          • Driveshaft Runout
          • Driveshaft Balancing - Using the Mastertech® Series MTS 4000 Driveline Balance & NVH Analyzer (Vetronix)
          • Driveshaft Balancing - Hose Clamp Method
        • Driveshaft Indexing
    • Front Drive HALFSHAFTS
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Front Drive Halfshafts
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Front Drive Halfshafts
      • Removal & Installation
        • Halfshaft
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
      • Disassembly & Assembly
        • Halfshaft
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
  • Differentials & Drive Axles
    • Driveline System - General Information
      • Specifications
        • Material Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Driveline System
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Driveline System
          • Notes
          • Principals of Operation
          • Symptom Chart - Driveline
          • Symptom Charts - Noise, Vibration & Harshness (NVH)
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Component Tests
      • General Procedures
        • Driveline Angle Measurement
        • Driveshaft Runout & Balancing
          • Notes
          • Driveshaft Inspection
          • Driveshaft Runout
          • Driveshaft Balancing - Using the Mastertech® Series MTS 4000 Driveline Balance & NVH Analyzer (Vetronix)
          • Driveshaft Balancing - Hose Clamp Method
        • Driveshaft Indexing
    • Front Drive Axle/Differential - DANA 35
      • Specifications
        • Material Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
        • General Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Front Drive Axle & Differential
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Front Drive Axle
      • General Procedures
        • Axle & Differential Draining & Filling
      • In-Vehicle Servicing
        • Stub Shaft Pilot Bearing & Seal
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Drive Pinion Seal
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Removal & Installation
        • Axle Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Axle Carrier Bushing
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Differential Ring & Pinion
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Differential Bearings
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Differential Carrier
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Disassembly & Assembly
        • Differential Case
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
    • Rear Drive Axle/Differential - Ford 7.5-Inch Ring Gear
      • Specifications
        • Material Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Rear Drive Axle and Differential
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Rear Drive Axle and Differential
      • In-Vehicle Servicing
        • Axle Shaft
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Rear Wheel Bearing and Axle Shaft Seal
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Drive Pinion Flange
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Drive Pinion Seal
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Differential Housing Cover
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Differential Case
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Differential Ring And Pinion
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Differential Bearings
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Removal And Installation
        • Axle Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Differential Carrier
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Disassembly And Assembly
        • Differential Case and Ring Gear - Conventional
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Differential Case and Ring Gear - Traction-Lok®
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
    • Rear Drive Axle/Differential - Ford 8.8-Inch Ring Gear
      • Specifications
        • Material Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Rear Drive Axle and Differential
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Rear Drive Axle and Differential
      • In-Vehicle Servicing
        • Axle Shaft
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Rear Wheel Bearing and Axle Shaft Seal
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Drive Pinion Flange
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Drive Pinion Seal
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Differential Housing Cover
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Differential Case
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Differential Ring And Pinion
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Differential Bearings
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Removal And Installation
        • Axle Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Differential Carrier
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Disassembly And Assembly
        • Differential Case and Ring Gear - Conventional
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Differential Case and Ring Gear - Traction-Lok®
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
    • Rear Drive Axle/Differential - Ford 8.8-Inch Ring Gear High Torque
      • Specifications
        • Material Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Rear Drive Axle & Differential
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Rear Drive Axle & Differential
      • In-Vehicle Servicing
        • Axle Shaft
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Rear Wheel Bearing & Axle Shaft Seal
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Drive Pinion Flange & Drive Pinion Seal
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Differential Housing Cover
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Differential Ring & Pinion
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Differential Bearings
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Differential Case
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
      • Removal & Installation
        • Axle Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Differential Carrier
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
  • Driveshaft & Universal Joints
    • Driveline System - General Information
      • Specifications
        • Material Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Driveline System
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Driveline System
          • Notes
          • Principals of Operation
          • Symptom Chart - Driveline
          • Symptom Charts - Noise, Vibration & Harshness (NVH)
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Component Tests
      • General Procedures
        • Driveline Angle Measurement
        • Driveshaft Runout & Balancing
          • Notes
          • Driveshaft Inspection
          • Driveshaft Runout
          • Driveshaft Balancing - Using the Mastertech® Series MTS 4000 Driveline Balance & NVH Analyzer (Vetronix)
          • Driveshaft Balancing - Hose Clamp Method
        • Driveshaft Indexing
    • Driveshaft
      • Specifications
        • Material Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Driveshaft
        • Universal Joints
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Driveshaft
      • Removal & Installation
        • Driveshaft - Front, Four Wheel Drive (4WD)
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Driveshaft - Rear Wheel Drive (RWD)
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Driveshaft - Four Wheel Drive (4WD)
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
      • Disassembly & Assembly
        • Driveshaft - Exploded View
        • Driveshaft Universal Joint - Single Cardan, Slip Yoke
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Driveshaft Universal Joint - Single Cardan, Flange Yoke
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Driveshaft Slip Yoke
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
• Electrical
  • Body Electrical
    • Charging System (Battery, Mounting And Cables)
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Battery & Cables
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Battery
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Battery Condition Test
      • General Procedures
        • Battery Disconnect
      • Removal & Installation
        • Battery & Battery Tray - Exploded View
        • Battery
          • Removal & Installation
        • Battery Cables - 2.3L
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Battery Cables - 3.0L
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Battery Cables - 4.0L
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
    • Fuse And Relay Location
      • Identification
        • Notes
        • Battery Junction Box (BJB), 2.3L
        • Battery Junction Box (BJB), 3.0L, 4.0L
        • Fuse Links
        • Indicator Flasher Relay
        • Smart Junction Box (SJB)
    • OEM Connector End Views
      • Connector End Views
        • A/C Clutch Field Coil Connector End View (C100)
        • Crankshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C101)
        • Generator Connector End View (C102A)
        • Generator Connector End View (C102B)
        • Generator Connector End View (C102C)
        • Generator Connector End View (C102D)
        • Oil Pressure Switch Connector End View (C103)
        • Cylinder Head Temperature Sensor Connector End View (C107)
        • Knock Sensor Connector End View (C108)
        • Knock Sensor Connector End View (C109)
        • Inline Connector End View (C110)
        • Speed Control Servo Connector End View (C122)
        • Brake Fluid Level Switch Connector End View (C124)
        • Windshield Wiper Motor Connector End View (C125)
        • Horn Connector End View (C131)
        • Inline Connector End View (C133)
        • Anti-Lock Brake System Control Module Connector End View (C135)
        • Windshield Washer Pump Motor Connector End View (C137)
        • Inline Connector End View (C139)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor 22 Connector End View (C141)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor 12 Connector End View (C142)
        • Inline (1 Of 2) Connector End View (C144) (1 Of 2)
        • Inline (2 Of 2) Connector End View (C144) (2 Of 2)
        • Left Front Wheel Speed Sensor Connector End View (C150)
        • Left Front Fog Lamp Connector End View (C152)
        • Right Front Wheel Speed Sensor Connector End View (C160)
        • Right Front Fog Lamp Connector End View (C162)
        • Intermediate Shaft Speed Sensor Connector End View (C164)
        • Digital Transmission Range Sensor Connector End View (C167)
        • 5R44E Automatic Transmission Vehicle Harness Connector End View (C168)
        • Reversing Lamps Switch Connector End View (C169)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor 11 Connector End View (C171)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor 21 Connector End View (C172)
        • Ignition Transformer Capacitor 1 Connector End View (C174)
        • Powertrain Control Module (1 Of 2) Connector End View (C175B) (1 Of 2)
        • Powertrain Control Module (2 Of 2) Connector End View (C175B) (2 Of 2)
        • Powertrain Control Module (1 Of 2) Connector End View (C175E) (1 Of 2)
        • Powertrain Control Module (2 Of 2) Connector End View (C175E) (2 Of 2)
        • Powertrain Control Module Connector End View (C175T)
        • Camshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C180)
        • Throttle Position Sensor Connector End View (C189)
        • Heated Positive Crankcase Ventilation Valve Connector End View (C190)
        • Output Shaft Speed Sensor Connector End View (C193)
        • Starter Motor Connector End View (C197A)
        • Starter Motor Connector End View (C197B)
        • Starter Motor Connector End View (C197C)
        • Starter Motor Connector End View (C197D)
        • 5R55E Automatic Transmission Vehicle Harness Connector End View (C199)
        • Multifunction Switch Connector End View (C202A)
        • Multifunction Switch Connector End View (C202B)
        • Main Light Switch Connector End View (C205)
        • Inline Connector End View (C210)
        • Inline Connector End View (C211)
        • Inline Connector End View (C213)
        • Driver Air Bag Unit Connector End View (C216A)
        • Driver Air Bag Unit Connector End View (C216B)
        • Horn Switch Connector End View (C217A)
        • Horn Switch Connector End View (C217B)
        • Clockspring Connector End View (C218A)
        • Clockspring Connector End View (C218B)
        • Clockspring Connector End View (C218C)
        • Instrument Cluster Connector End View (C220A)
        • Instrument Cluster Connector End View (C220B)
        • Inline Connector End View (C237)
        • Inline Connector End View (C238)
        • Inline Connector End View (C248)
        • Ignition Switch Connector End View (C250)
        • Data Link Connector End View (C251)
        • Passenger Air Bag Module Connector End View (C256)
        • Clutch Pedal Position Switch Connector End View (C257)
        • Inline Connector End View (C260)
        • Deactivator Switch Connector End View (C277)
        • Brake Pedal Position Switch Connector End View (C278)
        • Transmission Control Switch Connector End View (C279)
        • Four Wheel Drive Control Module Connector End View (C281A)
        • Four Wheel Drive Control Module Connector End View (C281B)
        • Inertia Fuel Shutoff Switch Connector End View (C282)
        • Four Wheel Drive Switch Connector End View (C284)
        • Blend Door Actuator Connector End View (C289)
        • Audio Unit Connector End View (C290A)
        • Audio Unit Connector End View (C290B)
        • Audio Unit Connector End View (C290C)
        • Front Function Selector Switch Assembly Connector End View (C294A)
        • Front Function Selector Switch Assembly Connector End View (C294B)
        • Front Function Selector Switch Assembly Connector End View (C294C)
        • Front Function Selector Switch Assembly Connector End View (C294D)
        • Inline Connector End View (C300)
        • Inline Connector End View (C311)
        • Inline Connector End View (C312)
        • Inline Connector End View (C315)
        • Inline Connector End View (C316)
        • Inline Connector End View (C327)
        • Inline Connector End View (C328)
        • Inline Connector End View (C339)
        • Inline Connector End View (C340)
        • Gear Motor Encoder Assembly Connector End View (C350)
        • Driver Seat Position Sensor Connector End View (C356)
        • Left Rear Speaker Connector End View (C395)
        • Right Rear Speaker Connector End View (C396)
        • Left Rear Park Lamp / Stop Lamp / Turn Lamp Connector End View (C412)
        • Left Rear Turn Lamp Connector End View (C413)
        • Right Rear Park Lamp / Stop Lamp / Turn Lamp Connector End View (C415)
        • Right Rear Turn Lamp Connector End View (C416)
        • Right Rear Park Lamp / Stop Lamp Connector End View (C418)
        • Left Rear Park Lamp / Stop Lamp Connector End View (C419)
        • Inline Connector End View (C421)
        • Fuel Tank Pressure Transducer Sensor Connector End View (C435)
        • Trailer Tow Connector End View (C439)
        • Evaporative Emissions Canister Vent Valve Connector End View (C450)
        • Left Reversing Lamp Connector End View (C451)
        • Left License Plate Lamp Connector End View (C454)
        • Rear Axle Speed Sensor Connector End View (C455)
        • Right Reversing Lamp Connector End View (C461)
        • Right License Plate Lamp Connector End View (C464)
        • Master Window Adjust Switch Connector End View (C504)
        • Driver Side Door Lock Switch Connector End View (C505)
        • Left Exterior Rearview Mirror Connector End View (C522)
        • Left Front Speaker Connector End View (C523)
        • Driver Side Front Power Window Motor Connector End View (C524)
        • Left Front Door Lock Actuator Connector End View (C525)
        • Left Front Door Ajar Switch Connector End View (C526)
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror Switch Connector End View (C527)
        • Right Front Door Ajar Switch Connector End View (C602)
        • Right Front Door Lock Actuator Connector End View (C603)
        • Passenger Side Window Adjust Switch Connector End View (C604)
        • Passenger Side Door Lock Switch Connector End View (C605)
        • Passenger Side Front Power Window Motor Connector End View (C608)
        • Right Front Speaker Connector End View (C612)
        • Right Exterior Rearview Mirror Connector End View (C622)
        • Left Rear Speaker Connector End View (C702)
        • Driver Side Rear Door Ajar Switch Connector End View (C715)
        • Right Rear Speaker Connector End View (C802)
        • Passenger Side Rear Door Ajar Switch Connector End View (C820)
        • Safety Belt Tension Sensor Connector End View (C829)
        • High Mounted Stoplamp Connector End View (C904)
        • Front Interior Lamp/ Map Lamp Assembly Connector End View (C931)
        • Left Headlamp Connector End View (C1021)
        • Left Front Park Lamp / Turn Lamp Connector End View (C1023)
        • Evaporative Emissions Canister Purge Valve Connector End View (C1029)
        • Heater Blower Motor Connector End View (C1031)
        • Front Heater Blower Motor Resistor Connector End View (C1032)
        • Battery Junction Box Connector End View (C1035)
        • Right Headlamp Connector End View (C1041)
        • Right Front Park Lamp / Turn Lamp Connector End View (C1043)
        • Engine Cooling Fan Motor Connector End View (C1048)
        • Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor Connector End View (C1064)
        • Ignition Coil Connector End View (C1065)
        • Idle Air Control Valve Connector End View (C1066)
        • Differential Pressure Feedback EGR Sensor Connector End View (C1068)
        • EGR Vacuum Regulator Solenoid Valve Connector End View (C1072)
        • A/C High Pressure Switch Connector End View (C1078)
        • A/C Compressor Cycling Switch Connector End View (C1081)
        • Manifold Absolute Pressure Sensor Connector End View (C1087)
        • Battery Connector End View (C1100A)
        • Battery Connector End View (C1100B)
        • Output Shaft Speed Sensor Connector End View (C1107)
        • Crankshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C1120)
        • Power Steering Pressure Switch Connector End View (C1121)
        • Right Front Side Lamp Connector End View (C1126)
        • Left Front Side Lamp Connector End View (C1127)
        • Ignition Coil Connector End View (C1134)
        • Ignition Coil Connector End View (C1136)
        • EGR Stepper Motor Connector End View (C1160)
        • Camshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C1180)
        • Fuel Injector 1 Connector End View (C1181)
        • Fuel Injector 2 Connector End View (C1182)
        • Fuel Injector 3 Connector End View (C1183)
        • Fuel Injector 4 Connector End View (C1184)
        • Fuel Injector 5 Connector End View (C1185)
        • Fuel Injector 6 Connector End View (C1186)
        • Throttle Position Sensor Connector End View (C1189)
        • Camshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C1275)
        • Crankshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C1339)
        • Mass Air Flow Sensor / Intake Air Temperature Sensor Connector End View (C1454)
        • Left Front Impact Severity Sensor Connector End View (C1465)
        • Right Front Impact Severity Sensor Connector End View (C1466)
        • Knock Sensor Connector End View (C1512)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor 11 Connector End View (C1551)
        • Brake Shift Interlock Connector End View (C2008)
        • Parking Brake Switch Connector End View (C2015)
        • Front Cigar Lighter Connector End View (C2031)
        • Power Point Connector End View (C2033)
        • Restraints Control Module Connector End View (C2041A)
        • Restraints Control Module Connector End View (C2041B)
        • Indicator Flasher Relay Connector End View (C2047)
        • Illumination Dimmer Connector End View (C2065)
        • Passive Anti-Theft Transceiver Connector End View (C2097)
        • Inline Connector End View (C2104)
        • Speed Control Set/Resume Switch Connector End View (C2177)
        • Speed Control On/Off Switch Connector End View (C2178)
        • Neutral Tow Indicator Connector End View (C2260)
        • Smart Junction Box Connector End View (C2280A)
        • Smart Junction Box Connector End View (C2280B)
        • Smart Junction Box Connector End View (C2280C)
        • Smart Junction Box Connector End View (C2280D)
        • Passenger Air Bag Deactivation Indicator Connector End View (C2286)
        • Satellite Radio Receiver Connector End View (C2358)
        • Subwoofer Amplifier Connector End View (C2982A)
        • Subwoofer Amplifier Connector End View (C2982B)
        • Seat Pressure Sensor Connector End View (C3042)
        • Occupant Classification Sensor Module Connector End View (C3159)
        • Driver Safety Belt Buckle Pretensioner Connector End View (C3201)
        • Passenger Safety Belt Buckle Pretensioner Connector End View (C3202)
        • Safety Belt Tension Sensor Connector End View (C3251)
        • Audio Input Jack Connector End View (C3312)
        • Fuel Tank Unit Connector End View (C4033)
  • Charging Systems
    • Charging System - (Generator & Regulator)
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Generator
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Generator
      • Removal And Installation
        • Generator - 2.3L
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Generator - 3.0L
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Generator - 4.0L SOHC
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Voltage Regulator
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Generator Pulley
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
    • Charging System - General Information
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Charging System
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Charging System
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Battery is Discharged or Battery Voltage is Low
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Charging System Warning Indicator is On With the Engine Running (The Charging System Voltage Does Not Increase)
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Charging System Overcharges (Battery Voltage is Greater Than 15.5 Volts)
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Charging System Warning Indicator is On with the Engine Running and the Battery Increases Voltage
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Charging System Warning Indicator is Off With the Ignition Switch in the RUN Position and the Engine Off
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Charging System Warning Indicator Flickers or is Intermittent
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Generator is Noisy
            • Pinpoint Test H: Radio Interference
          • Component Tests
            • Battery - Drain Testing
            • Generator On-Vehicle Tests
            • Generator On-Vehicle Test - Load Test
            • Generator On-Vehicle Tests - No-Load Test
    • Charging System (Battery, Mounting And Cables)
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Battery & Cables
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Battery
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Battery Condition Test
      • General Procedures
        • Battery Disconnect
      • Removal & Installation
        • Battery & Battery Tray - Exploded View
        • Battery
          • Removal & Installation
        • Battery Cables - 2.3L
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Battery Cables - 3.0L
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Battery Cables - 4.0L
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
  • Component Locations
    • Diagnostic Connector (DLC) Locations
      • Domestic Cars
        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
      • Domestic Light Trucks & Vans
        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
      • Imported Cars & Trucks
        • ACURA
        • AUDI
        • BENTLEY
        • BMW
        • DAIHATSU
        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
        • FERRARI
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
        • HONDA
        • HYUNDAI
        • INFINITI
        • ISUZU
        • Jaguar
        • KIA
        • Land Rover
        • LEXUS
        • MAZDA
        • MERCEDES-BENZ
        • MITSUBISHI
        • NISSAN
        • PEUGEOT
        • PORSCHE
        • RENAULT
        • Rolls-ROYCE
        • SAAB
        • SUBARU
        • SUZUKI
        • TOYOTA
        • VOLKSWAGEN
        • VOLVO
    • Electrical Component Locator
      • Buzzers, Relays & Timers
      • Circuit Protection Devices
      • Control Units
      • Motors
      • Sending Units & Sensors
      • Solenoids & Solenoid Valves
      • Switches
      • Miscellaneous
      • Connectors
      • Grounds
      • Splices
      • Component Location Graphics
  • Fuses & Circuit Breakers
    • Fuse And Relay Location
      • Identification
        • Notes
        • Battery Junction Box (BJB), 2.3L
        • Battery Junction Box (BJB), 3.0L, 4.0L
        • Fuse Links
        • Indicator Flasher Relay
        • Smart Junction Box (SJB)
  • Gauges
    • Information System And Entertainment Systems
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Information & Entertainment System
          • Audio Line-Up
          • Antenna
          • Speaker Configurations
          • Audio Unit Shipment Mode
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Information & Entertainment System
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection & Verification
          • DTC Charts
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Audio Unit Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test B: Poor Reception
            • Pinpoint Test C: Poor Quality/Distorted/No Sound From One Or More Speakers (Not All Speakers)
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Subwoofer Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test E: Loud Popping Sound When Cycling The Ignition Switch
            • Pinpoint Test F: Poor Reception - Satellite Audio
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Satellite Audio Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test H: The Audio Input Jack Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly - Audio Units With External Audio Input Jack
      • General Procedures
        • Audio Unit Shipment Mode
          • Entering Shipment Mode
          • Exiting Shipment Mode
        • Satellite Radio Receiver Electronic Serial Number (ESN) Retrieval
          • Audio Units Without Navigation
          • Audio Units With Navigation
      • Removal & Installation
        • Antenna
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Antenna - Satellite Radio
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Antenna Cable
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Antenna Cable - Satellite Radio
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Audio Unit
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Door Speaker
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Satellite Radio Receiver
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Speaker Enclosure
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Subwoofer Amplifier
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
    • Instrument Cluster (Ic), Message Center, And Warning Chimes
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Instrument Cluster (IC)
        • Warning Chimes
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Instrument Cluster (IC) and Warning Chimes
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
            • Notes
            • Instrument Cluster (IC)
              • Instrument Cluster (IC) Configuration
              • Instrument Cluster (IC) Prove-Out
            • Warning Chimes
              • Notes
              • Warning Chime Characteristics
              • Safety Belt Warning Chime
              • Belt-Minder®
              • Door Ajar Warning Chime
              • Headlamp On Warning Chime
              • Key-in-Ignition Warning Chime
              • Air Bag Warning Chime
          • Inspection and Verification
          • DTC Charts
          • Instrument Cluster (IC) Self-Test Mode
          • Symptom Charts
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Incorrect Fuel Gauge Indication
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test A: Incorrect Fuel Gauge Indication
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Temperature Gauge Is Inoperative
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test B: Incorrect Temperature Gauge Indication
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Speedometer Is Inoperative/Inaccurate
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test C: The Speedometer Is Inoperative/Inaccurate
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Odometer Is Inoperative
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test D: The Odometer Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test E: Incorrect Tachometer Indication
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test E: Incorrect Tachometer Indication
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Low Oil Pressure Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test F: The Low Oil Pressure Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Charging System Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test G: The Charging System Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test H: The Brake Warning Indicator Is Never On
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test H: The Brake Warning Indicator Is Never On
            • Pinpoint Test I: The Brake Warning Indicator Is Always On
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test I: The Brake Warning Indicator Is Always On
            • Pinpoint Test J: The ABS Warning Indicator Is Never On
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test J: The Abs Warning Indicator Is Never On
            • Pinpoint Test K: The ABS Warning Indicator Is Always On
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test K: The Abs Warning Indicator Is Always On
            • Pinpoint Test L: The Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL) Is Never/Always On
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test L: The Malfunction Indicator Lamp (Mil) Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test M: The High Beam Indicator Is Never On
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test M: The High Beam Indicator Is Never On
            • Pinpoint Test N: The LH Turn Signal Indicator Is Never On
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test N: The LH Turn Signal Indicator Is Never On
            • Pinpoint Test O: The RH Turn Signal Indicator Is Never On
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test O: The RH Turn Signal Indicator Is Never On
            • Pinpoint Test P: The Overdrive (O/D) Off Indicator Is Never/Always On
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test P: The Overdrive (O/D) Off Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test Q: The Speed Control Indicator Is Never/Always On
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Q: The Speed Control Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test R: The Door Ajar Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test R: The Door Ajar Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test S: The Safety Belt Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test S: The Safety Belt Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test T: The Four-Wheel Drive (4WD) Low/4WD High Indicator Is Never/Always On
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test T: The Four-Wheel Drive (4WD) Low/4WD High Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test U: The Air Bag Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test U: The Air Bag Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test V: The Anti-Theft Indicator Is Never/Always On
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test V: The Anti-Theft Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test W: The Check Fuel Cap Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test W: The Check Fuel Cap Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test X: The Over-Temperature Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test X: The Over-Temperature Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test Y: The Fog Lamp Indicator Is Never/Always On
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Y: The Fog Lamp Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test Z: The Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Z: The Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test AA: The Instrument Cluster (IC) Is Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Aa: The Instrument Cluster (Ic) Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test AB: DTC B1318 - Battery Voltage Low
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Ab: DTC B1318 - Battery Voltage Low
            • Pinpoint Test AC: DTC B1363 - Ignition Start Circuit Fault
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Ac: DTC B1363 - Ignition Start Circuit Fault
            • Pinpoint Test AD: DTC U0151 - Lost Communication With Restraints Control Module (RCM)
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Ad: DTC U0151 - Lost Communication With Restraints Control Module (RCM)
            • Pinpoint Test AE: DTC U0100 - Lost Communication With The Powertrain Control Module (PCM)
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test AE: DTC U0100 - Lost Communication With Powertrain Control Module (Pcm)
            • Pinpoint Test AF: DTC U2472 - Unexpected Ignition State
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test AF: U2472 - Unexpected Ignition State
            • Pinpoint Test AG: The Key-In-Ignition Warning Chime Is Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Ag: The Key-In-Ignition Warning Chime Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test AH: The Headlamp On Warning Chime Does Not Operate Correctly
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Ah: The Headlamp On Warning Chime Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test AI: The Parking Brake On Warning Chime Does Not Operate Correctly
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Ai: The Parking Brake On Warning Chime Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test AJ: The Chime Sounds When The Driver Door Is Ajar (No Key In Ignition And Headlamps Off)
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test AJ: The Chime Sounds When The Driver Door Is Ajar (No Key In Ignition And Headlamps Off)
      • General Procedures
        • Belt-Minder® Deactivating/Activating
          • Preparation
          • Deactivating/Activating
      • Removal And Installation
        • Instrument Cluster (IC)
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Instrument Cluster (IC) Lens
          • Removal And Installation
        • Warning Indicator Bulb
          • Removal And Installation
        • Key-In-Ignition Warning Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
    • Instrument Cluster System And Panel Illumination
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Instrument Cluster & Panel Illumination
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Instrument Cluster & Panel Illumination
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Control Illumination Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Instrument Cluster Illumination Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Climate Control Illumination Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Audio System Illumination Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test E: One Or More Illumination Source(s) Is Inoperative
      • Removal & Installation
        • Instrument Cluster Bulb
          • Removal & Installation
        • Instrument Panel Dimmer Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
    • Instrument Panel And Console
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Removal & Installation
        • Instrument Panel - Exploded View
        • Instrument Panel
          • Removal & Installation
        • Floor Console
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Glove Compartment
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Instrument Cluster Center Finish Panel
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Instrument Cluster Finish Panel
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Power Point
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
  • Horns
    • Horn System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Horn
          • Notes
          • Horn Location
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Horn
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection & Verification
          • DTC Charts
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Horn Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Horn Is Always On
      • Removal & Installation
        • Horn
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
  • Motors, Switches, Relays
    • Charging System (Battery, Mounting And Cables)
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Battery & Cables
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Battery
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Battery Condition Test
      • General Procedures
        • Battery Disconnect
      • Removal & Installation
        • Battery & Battery Tray - Exploded View
        • Battery
          • Removal & Installation
        • Battery Cables - 2.3L
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Battery Cables - 3.0L
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Battery Cables - 4.0L
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
    • Fuse And Relay Location
      • Identification
        • Notes
        • Battery Junction Box (BJB), 2.3L
        • Battery Junction Box (BJB), 3.0L, 4.0L
        • Fuse Links
        • Indicator Flasher Relay
        • Smart Junction Box (SJB)
    • OEM Connector End Views
      • Connector End Views
        • A/C Clutch Field Coil Connector End View (C100)
        • Crankshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C101)
        • Generator Connector End View (C102A)
        • Generator Connector End View (C102B)
        • Generator Connector End View (C102C)
        • Generator Connector End View (C102D)
        • Oil Pressure Switch Connector End View (C103)
        • Cylinder Head Temperature Sensor Connector End View (C107)
        • Knock Sensor Connector End View (C108)
        • Knock Sensor Connector End View (C109)
        • Inline Connector End View (C110)
        • Speed Control Servo Connector End View (C122)
        • Brake Fluid Level Switch Connector End View (C124)
        • Windshield Wiper Motor Connector End View (C125)
        • Horn Connector End View (C131)
        • Inline Connector End View (C133)
        • Anti-Lock Brake System Control Module Connector End View (C135)
        • Windshield Washer Pump Motor Connector End View (C137)
        • Inline Connector End View (C139)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor 22 Connector End View (C141)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor 12 Connector End View (C142)
        • Inline (1 Of 2) Connector End View (C144) (1 Of 2)
        • Inline (2 Of 2) Connector End View (C144) (2 Of 2)
        • Left Front Wheel Speed Sensor Connector End View (C150)
        • Left Front Fog Lamp Connector End View (C152)
        • Right Front Wheel Speed Sensor Connector End View (C160)
        • Right Front Fog Lamp Connector End View (C162)
        • Intermediate Shaft Speed Sensor Connector End View (C164)
        • Digital Transmission Range Sensor Connector End View (C167)
        • 5R44E Automatic Transmission Vehicle Harness Connector End View (C168)
        • Reversing Lamps Switch Connector End View (C169)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor 11 Connector End View (C171)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor 21 Connector End View (C172)
        • Ignition Transformer Capacitor 1 Connector End View (C174)
        • Powertrain Control Module (1 Of 2) Connector End View (C175B) (1 Of 2)
        • Powertrain Control Module (2 Of 2) Connector End View (C175B) (2 Of 2)
        • Powertrain Control Module (1 Of 2) Connector End View (C175E) (1 Of 2)
        • Powertrain Control Module (2 Of 2) Connector End View (C175E) (2 Of 2)
        • Powertrain Control Module Connector End View (C175T)
        • Camshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C180)
        • Throttle Position Sensor Connector End View (C189)
        • Heated Positive Crankcase Ventilation Valve Connector End View (C190)
        • Output Shaft Speed Sensor Connector End View (C193)
        • Starter Motor Connector End View (C197A)
        • Starter Motor Connector End View (C197B)
        • Starter Motor Connector End View (C197C)
        • Starter Motor Connector End View (C197D)
        • 5R55E Automatic Transmission Vehicle Harness Connector End View (C199)
        • Multifunction Switch Connector End View (C202A)
        • Multifunction Switch Connector End View (C202B)
        • Main Light Switch Connector End View (C205)
        • Inline Connector End View (C210)
        • Inline Connector End View (C211)
        • Inline Connector End View (C213)
        • Driver Air Bag Unit Connector End View (C216A)
        • Driver Air Bag Unit Connector End View (C216B)
        • Horn Switch Connector End View (C217A)
        • Horn Switch Connector End View (C217B)
        • Clockspring Connector End View (C218A)
        • Clockspring Connector End View (C218B)
        • Clockspring Connector End View (C218C)
        • Instrument Cluster Connector End View (C220A)
        • Instrument Cluster Connector End View (C220B)
        • Inline Connector End View (C237)
        • Inline Connector End View (C238)
        • Inline Connector End View (C248)
        • Ignition Switch Connector End View (C250)
        • Data Link Connector End View (C251)
        • Passenger Air Bag Module Connector End View (C256)
        • Clutch Pedal Position Switch Connector End View (C257)
        • Inline Connector End View (C260)
        • Deactivator Switch Connector End View (C277)
        • Brake Pedal Position Switch Connector End View (C278)
        • Transmission Control Switch Connector End View (C279)
        • Four Wheel Drive Control Module Connector End View (C281A)
        • Four Wheel Drive Control Module Connector End View (C281B)
        • Inertia Fuel Shutoff Switch Connector End View (C282)
        • Four Wheel Drive Switch Connector End View (C284)
        • Blend Door Actuator Connector End View (C289)
        • Audio Unit Connector End View (C290A)
        • Audio Unit Connector End View (C290B)
        • Audio Unit Connector End View (C290C)
        • Front Function Selector Switch Assembly Connector End View (C294A)
        • Front Function Selector Switch Assembly Connector End View (C294B)
        • Front Function Selector Switch Assembly Connector End View (C294C)
        • Front Function Selector Switch Assembly Connector End View (C294D)
        • Inline Connector End View (C300)
        • Inline Connector End View (C311)
        • Inline Connector End View (C312)
        • Inline Connector End View (C315)
        • Inline Connector End View (C316)
        • Inline Connector End View (C327)
        • Inline Connector End View (C328)
        • Inline Connector End View (C339)
        • Inline Connector End View (C340)
        • Gear Motor Encoder Assembly Connector End View (C350)
        • Driver Seat Position Sensor Connector End View (C356)
        • Left Rear Speaker Connector End View (C395)
        • Right Rear Speaker Connector End View (C396)
        • Left Rear Park Lamp / Stop Lamp / Turn Lamp Connector End View (C412)
        • Left Rear Turn Lamp Connector End View (C413)
        • Right Rear Park Lamp / Stop Lamp / Turn Lamp Connector End View (C415)
        • Right Rear Turn Lamp Connector End View (C416)
        • Right Rear Park Lamp / Stop Lamp Connector End View (C418)
        • Left Rear Park Lamp / Stop Lamp Connector End View (C419)
        • Inline Connector End View (C421)
        • Fuel Tank Pressure Transducer Sensor Connector End View (C435)
        • Trailer Tow Connector End View (C439)
        • Evaporative Emissions Canister Vent Valve Connector End View (C450)
        • Left Reversing Lamp Connector End View (C451)
        • Left License Plate Lamp Connector End View (C454)
        • Rear Axle Speed Sensor Connector End View (C455)
        • Right Reversing Lamp Connector End View (C461)
        • Right License Plate Lamp Connector End View (C464)
        • Master Window Adjust Switch Connector End View (C504)
        • Driver Side Door Lock Switch Connector End View (C505)
        • Left Exterior Rearview Mirror Connector End View (C522)
        • Left Front Speaker Connector End View (C523)
        • Driver Side Front Power Window Motor Connector End View (C524)
        • Left Front Door Lock Actuator Connector End View (C525)
        • Left Front Door Ajar Switch Connector End View (C526)
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror Switch Connector End View (C527)
        • Right Front Door Ajar Switch Connector End View (C602)
        • Right Front Door Lock Actuator Connector End View (C603)
        • Passenger Side Window Adjust Switch Connector End View (C604)
        • Passenger Side Door Lock Switch Connector End View (C605)
        • Passenger Side Front Power Window Motor Connector End View (C608)
        • Right Front Speaker Connector End View (C612)
        • Right Exterior Rearview Mirror Connector End View (C622)
        • Left Rear Speaker Connector End View (C702)
        • Driver Side Rear Door Ajar Switch Connector End View (C715)
        • Right Rear Speaker Connector End View (C802)
        • Passenger Side Rear Door Ajar Switch Connector End View (C820)
        • Safety Belt Tension Sensor Connector End View (C829)
        • High Mounted Stoplamp Connector End View (C904)
        • Front Interior Lamp/ Map Lamp Assembly Connector End View (C931)
        • Left Headlamp Connector End View (C1021)
        • Left Front Park Lamp / Turn Lamp Connector End View (C1023)
        • Evaporative Emissions Canister Purge Valve Connector End View (C1029)
        • Heater Blower Motor Connector End View (C1031)
        • Front Heater Blower Motor Resistor Connector End View (C1032)
        • Battery Junction Box Connector End View (C1035)
        • Right Headlamp Connector End View (C1041)
        • Right Front Park Lamp / Turn Lamp Connector End View (C1043)
        • Engine Cooling Fan Motor Connector End View (C1048)
        • Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor Connector End View (C1064)
        • Ignition Coil Connector End View (C1065)
        • Idle Air Control Valve Connector End View (C1066)
        • Differential Pressure Feedback EGR Sensor Connector End View (C1068)
        • EGR Vacuum Regulator Solenoid Valve Connector End View (C1072)
        • A/C High Pressure Switch Connector End View (C1078)
        • A/C Compressor Cycling Switch Connector End View (C1081)
        • Manifold Absolute Pressure Sensor Connector End View (C1087)
        • Battery Connector End View (C1100A)
        • Battery Connector End View (C1100B)
        • Output Shaft Speed Sensor Connector End View (C1107)
        • Crankshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C1120)
        • Power Steering Pressure Switch Connector End View (C1121)
        • Right Front Side Lamp Connector End View (C1126)
        • Left Front Side Lamp Connector End View (C1127)
        • Ignition Coil Connector End View (C1134)
        • Ignition Coil Connector End View (C1136)
        • EGR Stepper Motor Connector End View (C1160)
        • Camshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C1180)
        • Fuel Injector 1 Connector End View (C1181)
        • Fuel Injector 2 Connector End View (C1182)
        • Fuel Injector 3 Connector End View (C1183)
        • Fuel Injector 4 Connector End View (C1184)
        • Fuel Injector 5 Connector End View (C1185)
        • Fuel Injector 6 Connector End View (C1186)
        • Throttle Position Sensor Connector End View (C1189)
        • Camshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C1275)
        • Crankshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C1339)
        • Mass Air Flow Sensor / Intake Air Temperature Sensor Connector End View (C1454)
        • Left Front Impact Severity Sensor Connector End View (C1465)
        • Right Front Impact Severity Sensor Connector End View (C1466)
        • Knock Sensor Connector End View (C1512)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor 11 Connector End View (C1551)
        • Brake Shift Interlock Connector End View (C2008)
        • Parking Brake Switch Connector End View (C2015)
        • Front Cigar Lighter Connector End View (C2031)
        • Power Point Connector End View (C2033)
        • Restraints Control Module Connector End View (C2041A)
        • Restraints Control Module Connector End View (C2041B)
        • Indicator Flasher Relay Connector End View (C2047)
        • Illumination Dimmer Connector End View (C2065)
        • Passive Anti-Theft Transceiver Connector End View (C2097)
        • Inline Connector End View (C2104)
        • Speed Control Set/Resume Switch Connector End View (C2177)
        • Speed Control On/Off Switch Connector End View (C2178)
        • Neutral Tow Indicator Connector End View (C2260)
        • Smart Junction Box Connector End View (C2280A)
        • Smart Junction Box Connector End View (C2280B)
        • Smart Junction Box Connector End View (C2280C)
        • Smart Junction Box Connector End View (C2280D)
        • Passenger Air Bag Deactivation Indicator Connector End View (C2286)
        • Satellite Radio Receiver Connector End View (C2358)
        • Subwoofer Amplifier Connector End View (C2982A)
        • Subwoofer Amplifier Connector End View (C2982B)
        • Seat Pressure Sensor Connector End View (C3042)
        • Occupant Classification Sensor Module Connector End View (C3159)
        • Driver Safety Belt Buckle Pretensioner Connector End View (C3201)
        • Passenger Safety Belt Buckle Pretensioner Connector End View (C3202)
        • Safety Belt Tension Sensor Connector End View (C3251)
        • Audio Input Jack Connector End View (C3312)
        • Fuel Tank Unit Connector End View (C4033)
  • Starter
    • Starting System
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Starting System
          • Notes
          • Starter Motor
          • Starter Relay
          • Clutch Pedal Position (CPP) Switch
          • Transmission Range (TR) Sensor
          • Starter System - Operation
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Starting System
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Test
          • Component Tests
            • Notes
            • Starter Motor - Motor Feed Circuit
            • Starter Motor - Ground Circuit
      • General Procedures
        • Starter Motor Drive Gear & Flywheel Ring Gear Inspection
      • Removal & Installation
        • Starter Motor - 2.3L
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Starter Motor - 3.0L
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Starter Motor - 4.0L
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
  • Wiring Diagrams
    • OEM Connector End Views
      • Connector End Views
        • A/C Clutch Field Coil Connector End View (C100)
        • Crankshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C101)
        • Generator Connector End View (C102A)
        • Generator Connector End View (C102B)
        • Generator Connector End View (C102C)
        • Generator Connector End View (C102D)
        • Oil Pressure Switch Connector End View (C103)
        • Cylinder Head Temperature Sensor Connector End View (C107)
        • Knock Sensor Connector End View (C108)
        • Knock Sensor Connector End View (C109)
        • Inline Connector End View (C110)
        • Speed Control Servo Connector End View (C122)
        • Brake Fluid Level Switch Connector End View (C124)
        • Windshield Wiper Motor Connector End View (C125)
        • Horn Connector End View (C131)
        • Inline Connector End View (C133)
        • Anti-Lock Brake System Control Module Connector End View (C135)
        • Windshield Washer Pump Motor Connector End View (C137)
        • Inline Connector End View (C139)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor 22 Connector End View (C141)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor 12 Connector End View (C142)
        • Inline (1 Of 2) Connector End View (C144) (1 Of 2)
        • Inline (2 Of 2) Connector End View (C144) (2 Of 2)
        • Left Front Wheel Speed Sensor Connector End View (C150)
        • Left Front Fog Lamp Connector End View (C152)
        • Right Front Wheel Speed Sensor Connector End View (C160)
        • Right Front Fog Lamp Connector End View (C162)
        • Intermediate Shaft Speed Sensor Connector End View (C164)
        • Digital Transmission Range Sensor Connector End View (C167)
        • 5R44E Automatic Transmission Vehicle Harness Connector End View (C168)
        • Reversing Lamps Switch Connector End View (C169)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor 11 Connector End View (C171)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor 21 Connector End View (C172)
        • Ignition Transformer Capacitor 1 Connector End View (C174)
        • Powertrain Control Module (1 Of 2) Connector End View (C175B) (1 Of 2)
        • Powertrain Control Module (2 Of 2) Connector End View (C175B) (2 Of 2)
        • Powertrain Control Module (1 Of 2) Connector End View (C175E) (1 Of 2)
        • Powertrain Control Module (2 Of 2) Connector End View (C175E) (2 Of 2)
        • Powertrain Control Module Connector End View (C175T)
        • Camshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C180)
        • Throttle Position Sensor Connector End View (C189)
        • Heated Positive Crankcase Ventilation Valve Connector End View (C190)
        • Output Shaft Speed Sensor Connector End View (C193)
        • Starter Motor Connector End View (C197A)
        • Starter Motor Connector End View (C197B)
        • Starter Motor Connector End View (C197C)
        • Starter Motor Connector End View (C197D)
        • 5R55E Automatic Transmission Vehicle Harness Connector End View (C199)
        • Multifunction Switch Connector End View (C202A)
        • Multifunction Switch Connector End View (C202B)
        • Main Light Switch Connector End View (C205)
        • Inline Connector End View (C210)
        • Inline Connector End View (C211)
        • Inline Connector End View (C213)
        • Driver Air Bag Unit Connector End View (C216A)
        • Driver Air Bag Unit Connector End View (C216B)
        • Horn Switch Connector End View (C217A)
        • Horn Switch Connector End View (C217B)
        • Clockspring Connector End View (C218A)
        • Clockspring Connector End View (C218B)
        • Clockspring Connector End View (C218C)
        • Instrument Cluster Connector End View (C220A)
        • Instrument Cluster Connector End View (C220B)
        • Inline Connector End View (C237)
        • Inline Connector End View (C238)
        • Inline Connector End View (C248)
        • Ignition Switch Connector End View (C250)
        • Data Link Connector End View (C251)
        • Passenger Air Bag Module Connector End View (C256)
        • Clutch Pedal Position Switch Connector End View (C257)
        • Inline Connector End View (C260)
        • Deactivator Switch Connector End View (C277)
        • Brake Pedal Position Switch Connector End View (C278)
        • Transmission Control Switch Connector End View (C279)
        • Four Wheel Drive Control Module Connector End View (C281A)
        • Four Wheel Drive Control Module Connector End View (C281B)
        • Inertia Fuel Shutoff Switch Connector End View (C282)
        • Four Wheel Drive Switch Connector End View (C284)
        • Blend Door Actuator Connector End View (C289)
        • Audio Unit Connector End View (C290A)
        • Audio Unit Connector End View (C290B)
        • Audio Unit Connector End View (C290C)
        • Front Function Selector Switch Assembly Connector End View (C294A)
        • Front Function Selector Switch Assembly Connector End View (C294B)
        • Front Function Selector Switch Assembly Connector End View (C294C)
        • Front Function Selector Switch Assembly Connector End View (C294D)
        • Inline Connector End View (C300)
        • Inline Connector End View (C311)
        • Inline Connector End View (C312)
        • Inline Connector End View (C315)
        • Inline Connector End View (C316)
        • Inline Connector End View (C327)
        • Inline Connector End View (C328)
        • Inline Connector End View (C339)
        • Inline Connector End View (C340)
        • Gear Motor Encoder Assembly Connector End View (C350)
        • Driver Seat Position Sensor Connector End View (C356)
        • Left Rear Speaker Connector End View (C395)
        • Right Rear Speaker Connector End View (C396)
        • Left Rear Park Lamp / Stop Lamp / Turn Lamp Connector End View (C412)
        • Left Rear Turn Lamp Connector End View (C413)
        • Right Rear Park Lamp / Stop Lamp / Turn Lamp Connector End View (C415)
        • Right Rear Turn Lamp Connector End View (C416)
        • Right Rear Park Lamp / Stop Lamp Connector End View (C418)
        • Left Rear Park Lamp / Stop Lamp Connector End View (C419)
        • Inline Connector End View (C421)
        • Fuel Tank Pressure Transducer Sensor Connector End View (C435)
        • Trailer Tow Connector End View (C439)
        • Evaporative Emissions Canister Vent Valve Connector End View (C450)
        • Left Reversing Lamp Connector End View (C451)
        • Left License Plate Lamp Connector End View (C454)
        • Rear Axle Speed Sensor Connector End View (C455)
        • Right Reversing Lamp Connector End View (C461)
        • Right License Plate Lamp Connector End View (C464)
        • Master Window Adjust Switch Connector End View (C504)
        • Driver Side Door Lock Switch Connector End View (C505)
        • Left Exterior Rearview Mirror Connector End View (C522)
        • Left Front Speaker Connector End View (C523)
        • Driver Side Front Power Window Motor Connector End View (C524)
        • Left Front Door Lock Actuator Connector End View (C525)
        • Left Front Door Ajar Switch Connector End View (C526)
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror Switch Connector End View (C527)
        • Right Front Door Ajar Switch Connector End View (C602)
        • Right Front Door Lock Actuator Connector End View (C603)
        • Passenger Side Window Adjust Switch Connector End View (C604)
        • Passenger Side Door Lock Switch Connector End View (C605)
        • Passenger Side Front Power Window Motor Connector End View (C608)
        • Right Front Speaker Connector End View (C612)
        • Right Exterior Rearview Mirror Connector End View (C622)
        • Left Rear Speaker Connector End View (C702)
        • Driver Side Rear Door Ajar Switch Connector End View (C715)
        • Right Rear Speaker Connector End View (C802)
        • Passenger Side Rear Door Ajar Switch Connector End View (C820)
        • Safety Belt Tension Sensor Connector End View (C829)
        • High Mounted Stoplamp Connector End View (C904)
        • Front Interior Lamp/ Map Lamp Assembly Connector End View (C931)
        • Left Headlamp Connector End View (C1021)
        • Left Front Park Lamp / Turn Lamp Connector End View (C1023)
        • Evaporative Emissions Canister Purge Valve Connector End View (C1029)
        • Heater Blower Motor Connector End View (C1031)
        • Front Heater Blower Motor Resistor Connector End View (C1032)
        • Battery Junction Box Connector End View (C1035)
        • Right Headlamp Connector End View (C1041)
        • Right Front Park Lamp / Turn Lamp Connector End View (C1043)
        • Engine Cooling Fan Motor Connector End View (C1048)
        • Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor Connector End View (C1064)
        • Ignition Coil Connector End View (C1065)
        • Idle Air Control Valve Connector End View (C1066)
        • Differential Pressure Feedback EGR Sensor Connector End View (C1068)
        • EGR Vacuum Regulator Solenoid Valve Connector End View (C1072)
        • A/C High Pressure Switch Connector End View (C1078)
        • A/C Compressor Cycling Switch Connector End View (C1081)
        • Manifold Absolute Pressure Sensor Connector End View (C1087)
        • Battery Connector End View (C1100A)
        • Battery Connector End View (C1100B)
        • Output Shaft Speed Sensor Connector End View (C1107)
        • Crankshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C1120)
        • Power Steering Pressure Switch Connector End View (C1121)
        • Right Front Side Lamp Connector End View (C1126)
        • Left Front Side Lamp Connector End View (C1127)
        • Ignition Coil Connector End View (C1134)
        • Ignition Coil Connector End View (C1136)
        • EGR Stepper Motor Connector End View (C1160)
        • Camshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C1180)
        • Fuel Injector 1 Connector End View (C1181)
        • Fuel Injector 2 Connector End View (C1182)
        • Fuel Injector 3 Connector End View (C1183)
        • Fuel Injector 4 Connector End View (C1184)
        • Fuel Injector 5 Connector End View (C1185)
        • Fuel Injector 6 Connector End View (C1186)
        • Throttle Position Sensor Connector End View (C1189)
        • Camshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C1275)
        • Crankshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C1339)
        • Mass Air Flow Sensor / Intake Air Temperature Sensor Connector End View (C1454)
        • Left Front Impact Severity Sensor Connector End View (C1465)
        • Right Front Impact Severity Sensor Connector End View (C1466)
        • Knock Sensor Connector End View (C1512)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor 11 Connector End View (C1551)
        • Brake Shift Interlock Connector End View (C2008)
        • Parking Brake Switch Connector End View (C2015)
        • Front Cigar Lighter Connector End View (C2031)
        • Power Point Connector End View (C2033)
        • Restraints Control Module Connector End View (C2041A)
        • Restraints Control Module Connector End View (C2041B)
        • Indicator Flasher Relay Connector End View (C2047)
        • Illumination Dimmer Connector End View (C2065)
        • Passive Anti-Theft Transceiver Connector End View (C2097)
        • Inline Connector End View (C2104)
        • Speed Control Set/Resume Switch Connector End View (C2177)
        • Speed Control On/Off Switch Connector End View (C2178)
        • Neutral Tow Indicator Connector End View (C2260)
        • Smart Junction Box Connector End View (C2280A)
        • Smart Junction Box Connector End View (C2280B)
        • Smart Junction Box Connector End View (C2280C)
        • Smart Junction Box Connector End View (C2280D)
        • Passenger Air Bag Deactivation Indicator Connector End View (C2286)
        • Satellite Radio Receiver Connector End View (C2358)
        • Subwoofer Amplifier Connector End View (C2982A)
        • Subwoofer Amplifier Connector End View (C2982B)
        • Seat Pressure Sensor Connector End View (C3042)
        • Occupant Classification Sensor Module Connector End View (C3159)
        • Driver Safety Belt Buckle Pretensioner Connector End View (C3201)
        • Passenger Safety Belt Buckle Pretensioner Connector End View (C3202)
        • Safety Belt Tension Sensor Connector End View (C3251)
        • Audio Input Jack Connector End View (C3312)
        • Fuel Tank Unit Connector End View (C4033)
    • System Wiring Diagrams
      • Using lemon2025'S Wiring Diagrams
      • Air Conditioning
      • Anti-Lock Brakes
      • Anti-Theft
      • Body Control Modules
      • Computer Data Lines
      • Cooling Fan
      • Cruise Control
      • Engine Performance
        • 2.3L
        • 3.0L
        • 4.0L
      • Exterior Lights
      • Ground Distribution
      • Headlights
      • Horn
      • Instrument Cluster
      • Interior Lights
      • Power Distribution
      • Power Door Locks
      • Power Mirrors
      • Power Windows
      • Radio
      • Shift Interlock
      • Starting/Charging
      • Supplemental Restraints
      • Transmission
        • 2.3L
        • 3.0L
        • 4.0L
      • Warning Systems
      • Wiper/Washer
    • Using lemon2025'S System Wiring Diagrams
      • Introduction
      • Wiring Diagram Features And Controls
      • Wiring Diagram Color Abbreviations
      • Wiring Diagram Symbols
      • Wiring Diagram Ground Number Locations
      • Wiring Diagram Component Locations
• Engine Mechanical
  • Accessory Drive Belts
    • Accessory Drive System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Accessory Drive
          • Notes
          • Drive Belt Routing - 2.3L With A/C
          • Drive Belt Routing - 2.3L Without A/C
          • Drive Belt Routing - 3.0L With A/C
          • Drive Belt Routing - 3.0L Without A/C
          • Drive Belt Routing - 4.0L
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Accessory Drive
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Component Tests
      • Removal & Installation
        • Front End Accessory Drive (FEAD) - Exploded View
          • Notes
          • Exploded View Of Front End Accessory Drive (FEAD) - 2.3L With A/C With Torque Specifications
          • Exploded View Of Front End Accessory Drive (FEAD) - 2.3L Without A/C With Torque Specifications
          • Exploded View Of Front End Accessory Drive (FEAD) - 3.0L With Torque Specifications
          • Exploded View Of Front End Accessory Drive (FEAD) - 4.0L With Torque Specifications
        • Accessory Drive Belt Tensioner - 2.3L
          • Removal & Installation
        • Accessory Drive Belt Tensioner - 3.0L
          • Removal & Installation
        • Accessory Drive Belt Tensioner - 4.0L
          • Removal & Installation
        • Accessory Drive Belt Idler Pulley
          • Removal & Installation
  • Auxiliary Emission Control Systems
    • Emission Control System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Engine Emission Control
          • Notes
          • EGR
          • PCV System
          • Evaporative Emission (EVAP), EGR & PCV Vacuum Routing
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Engine Emission Control
      • Removal & Installation
        • Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Valve - 2.3L
          • Removal & Installation
        • Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Valve Outlet Tube - 2.3L
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) System Components - Exploded View, 3.0L
        • Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Valve - 3.0L
          • Removal & Installation
        • Exhaust Manifold to Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Valve Tube - 3.0L
          • Removal & Installation
        • Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Vacuum Regulator Solenoid - 3.0L
          • Removal & Installation
        • Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) System Components - Exploded View, 4.0L SOHC
        • Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Valve - 4.0L SOHC
          • Removal & Installation
        • Exhaust Manifold to Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Valve Tube - 4.0L SOHC
          • Removal & Installation
        • Differential Pressure Feedback Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Sensor - 3.0L & 4.0L SOHC
        • Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Vacuum Regulator Solenoid - 4.0L SOHC
        • Positive Crankcase Ventilation (PCV) Valve - 2.3L
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Positive Crankcase Ventilation (PCV) Valve - 3.0L
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Positive Crankcase Ventilation (PCV) Valve - 4.0L SOHC
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Crankcase Vent Oil Separator - 2.3L
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
    • Evaporative Emissions System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Evaporative Emissions
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Evaporative Emissions
      • General Procedures
        • Evaporative Emission System Leak Test
          • Notes
          • Phase 1 - Leak Verification
          • Phase 2 - System Leak Check
      • Removal & Installation
        • Evaporative Emission (EVAP) System Components - Exploded View
        • Evaporative Emission Canister
          • Removal & Installation
        • Evaporative Emission Canister Vent Solenoid
          • Removal & Installation
        • Dust Separator
          • Removal & Installation
        • Evaporative Emission Canister Purge Valve
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Fuel Tank Pressure Sensor
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
  • Cooling System (Mechanical)
    • Accessory Drive System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Accessory Drive
          • Notes
          • Drive Belt Routing - 2.3L With A/C
          • Drive Belt Routing - 2.3L Without A/C
          • Drive Belt Routing - 3.0L With A/C
          • Drive Belt Routing - 3.0L Without A/C
          • Drive Belt Routing - 4.0L
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Accessory Drive
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Component Tests
      • Removal & Installation
        • Front End Accessory Drive (FEAD) - Exploded View
          • Notes
          • Exploded View Of Front End Accessory Drive (FEAD) - 2.3L With A/C With Torque Specifications
          • Exploded View Of Front End Accessory Drive (FEAD) - 2.3L Without A/C With Torque Specifications
          • Exploded View Of Front End Accessory Drive (FEAD) - 3.0L With Torque Specifications
          • Exploded View Of Front End Accessory Drive (FEAD) - 4.0L With Torque Specifications
        • Accessory Drive Belt Tensioner - 2.3L
          • Removal & Installation
        • Accessory Drive Belt Tensioner - 3.0L
          • Removal & Installation
        • Accessory Drive Belt Tensioner - 4.0L
          • Removal & Installation
        • Accessory Drive Belt Idler Pulley
          • Removal & Installation
    • Engine Cooling System
      • Specifications
        • Material Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Engine Cooling
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Engine Cooling
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Loss of Coolant
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test A: Loss Of Coolant
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Engine Overheats
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test B: The Engine Overheats
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Engine Does Not Reach Normal Operating Temperature
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test C: The Engine Does Not Reach Normal Operating Temperature
          • Component Tests
            • Pressure Test - Degas Bottle Systems
            • Pressure Test - Coolant Expansion Tank Systems
            • Cap
            • Thermostat
            • Thermostat Visual Inspection
            • Radiator Leak Test, Removed From Vehicle
            • Fan Clutch Test
            • Fan Clutch Test - Minimum Speed Requirement
            • Fan Clutch Test - Maximum Speed Requirement
      • General Procedures
        • Cooling System Draining, Filling and Bleeding - 2.3L
          • Notes
          • Partial Drain
          • Complete Drain
          • Filling and Bleeding with RADKITPLUS
          • Filling and Bleeding without RADKITPLUS
        • Cooling System Draining, Filling and Bleeding - 3.0L, 4.0L
          • Notes
          • Draining
          • Filling and Bleeding with RADKITPLUS
          • Filling without RADKITPLUS
          • Bleeding without RADKITPLUS
        • Cooling System Flushing
      • Removal And Installation
        • Block Heater - 2.3L
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Block Heater - 3.0L, 4.0L
          • Removal And Installation
        • Thermostat - 3.0L (2V)
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Thermostat and Thermostat Housing - Exploded View, 4.0L SOHC
        • Thermostat - 4.0L SOHC
          • Removal And Installation
        • Thermostat Housing - 4.0L SOHC
          • Removal And Installation
        • Thermostat Housing - 2.3L
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Bypass Tube - 3.0L
          • Removal And Installation
        • Coolant Pump - 2.3L
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Coolant Pump - 3.0L
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Coolant Pump - 4.0L SOHC
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Radiator and Cooling Fan - Exploded View, 2.3L
        • Radiator - 2.3L
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Cooling Fan - 2.3L
        • Cooling Fan Motor and Shroud - 2.3L
          • Removal And Installation
        • Radiator and Cooling Fan - Exploded View, 3.0L and 4.0L
        • Radiator - 3.0L, 4.0L
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Cooling Fan - 3.0L, 4.0L
          • Removal And Installation
        • Cooling Fan Shroud - 3.0L, 4.0L
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Valve Heater Hose - 2.3L
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Coolant Bypass Hose - 2.3L
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Coolant Outlet Pipe - 2.3L, Front
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Coolant Outlet Pipe - 2.3L, Rear
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Degas Bottle - 2.3L
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Coolant Expansion Tank - 3.0L, 4.0L
          • Removal And Installation
  • Exhaust System
    • Specifications
      • Torque Specifications
    • Description & Operation
      • Exhaust System
        • Notes
        • Exhaust System
        • Catalytic Converter
        • Sound Insulators & Shields
        • Precautions
    • Diagnostic Tests
      • Exhaust System
        • Notes
        • Principles of Operation
        • Inspection & Verification
        • Symptom Chart - Exhaust System
        • Symptom Chart - Noise, Vibration & Harshness (NVH)
        • Pinpoint Test
    • General Procedures
      • Exhaust System Alignment
    • Removal & Installation
      • Exhaust System - Exploded View
      • Exhaust Downpipe - 2.3L
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Exhaust Y-Pipe - 3.0L, 4.0L
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Muffler & Tailpipe
        • Removal
        • Installation
  • Fuel System
    • Fuel Charging And Controls - 2.3L
      • Specifications
        • Material Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Fuel Charging and Controls
          • Sequential Multiport Fuel Injection (SFI)
          • Throttle Body (TB)
          • Fuel Rail
          • Fuel Injectors
          • Fuel Pressure Relief Valve
          • System Operation
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Fuel Charging and Controls
      • Removal And Installation
        • Throttle Body
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
          • Installation
        • Fuel Rail and Fuel Injector - Exploded View
        • Fuel Rail
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Fuel Injectors
          • Removal And Installation
        • Fuel Pressure Relief Valve
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
    • Fuel System - General Information
      • Specifications
        • Material Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Fuel System
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Fuel System
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection & Verification
          • DTC Chart
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Test
      • General Procedures
        • Fuel System Pressure Release
        • Fuel System Pressure Test
        • Fuel Tank Draining
        • Spring Lock Couplings
          • Notes
          • Disconnect - Type I
          • Connect - Type I
          • Disconnect - Type II
          • Connect - Type II
        • Quick Connect Coupling
          • Notes
          • Disconnect - Type I
          • Connect - Type I
          • Disconnect - Type II
          • Connect - Type II
          • Disconnect - Type III
          • Connect - Type IV
    • Fuel Tank And Fuel Lines
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Fuel Tank & Lines
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Fuel Tank & Lines
      • Removal & Installation
        • Fuel Tank & Filler Pipe - Exploded View
        • Fuel Tank Support Straps
          • Removal & Installation
        • Fuel Tank
          • Removal & Installation
        • Fuel Pump
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Fuel Tank Filler Pipe
          • Removal & Installation
        • Fuel Lines & Fuel Filter - Exploded View
        • Fuel Lines
          • Removal & Installation
        • Fuel Filter
        • Inertia Fuel Shutoff (IFS) Switch
          • Removal & Installation
  • Mechanical
    • Engine - 2.3L
      • Specifications
        • Material Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Engine
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Engine
      • General Procedures
        • Valve Clearance Check
      • In-Vehicle Servicing
        • Intake Manifold
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Valve Cover
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Crankshaft Pulley
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Crankshaft Front Seal
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Engine Front Cover
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Timing Drive Components
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Valve Train Components - Exploded View
        • Valve Springs
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Valve Seals
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Valve Tappets
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Camshafts
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Exhaust Manifold
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Cylinder Head
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Oil Filter Adapter
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Engine Oil Pressure (EOP) Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Oil Level Indicator and Tube
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Engine Lubrication Components - Exploded View
        • Oil Pan
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Oil Pump Screen and Pickup Tube
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Oil Pump
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Flexplate or Flywheel and Crankshaft Rear Seal - Exploded View
        • Flywheel
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Flexplate
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Crankshaft Rear Seal with Retainer Plate
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Engine Support Insulators
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Removal
        • Engine
      • Disassembly
        • Engine
      • Disassembly And Assembly Of Subassemblies
        • Cylinder Head
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
      • Assembly
        • Engine
      • Installation
        • Engine
    • Engine System - General Information
      • Specifications
        • Material Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Engine
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Engine
          • Notes
          • Inspection and Verification - Engine Performance
          • Inspection and Verification - NOISE, VIBRATION & HARSHNESS (NVH)
          • Symptom Chart - Engine Performance
          • Symptom Chart - NOISE, VIBRATION & HARSHNESS (NVH)
          • Component Tests
            • Notes
            • Engine Oil Leaks
              • Notes
              • Engine Oil Leaks - Fluorescent Oil Additive Method
              • Leakage Points - Underhood
              • Leakage Points - Under Engine - With Vehicle on Hoist
              • Leakage Points - With Transmission and Flywheel Removed
            • Compression Test - Compression Gauge Check
              • Notes
              • Compression Test - Test Results
              • Compression Test - Interpreting Compression Readings
            • Cylinder Leakage Detection
            • Excessive Engine Oil Consumption
              • Notes
              • Basic Pre-checks
              • Detailed Pre-checks
              • Oil Consumption Test
              • Post Checks, Evaluation and Corrective Action
            • Intake Manifold Vacuum Test
              • Notes
              • Intake Manifold Vacuum Test - Interpreting Vacuum Gauge Readings
            • Oil Pressure Test
            • Valve Train Analysis - Engine Off - Valve Cover Removed
              • Notes
              • Valve Train Analysis - Camshafts
              • Valve Train Analysis - Rocker Arm and Hydraulic Lash Adjusters, 3.0L Engine
              • Valve Train Analysis - Camshaft Roller Followers and Hydraulic Lash Adjusters, 4.0L SOHC Engines
              • Valve Train Analysis - Push Rods, 3.0L Engines
              • Valve Train Analysis - Valve Springs
              • Valve Train Analysis - Valve Spring Retainer and Valve Spring Retainer Keys
              • Valve Train Analysis - Valves and Cylinder Head
            • Valve Train Analysis - Camshaft Lobe Lift
              • Valve Train Analysis - Camshaft Lobe Lift, 2.3L
              • Valve Train Analysis - Camshaft Lobe Lift, 3.0L
              • Valve Train Analysis - Camshaft Lobe Lift, 4.0L SOHC Engines
            • Valve Train Analysis - Hydraulic Lash Adjusters
      • General Procedures
        • Sprockets
        • Rocker Arm Cleaning and Inspection
        • Push Rod Cleaning and Inspection
        • Camshaft Bearing Journal Diameter
        • Camshaft Journal to Bearing Clearance - Push Rod Engines
        • Camshaft Journal to Bearing Clearance - OHC Engines
        • Camshaft End Play - Push Rod Engines
        • Camshaft End Play - OHC Engines
        • Camshaft Surface Inspection
        • Camshaft Lobe Lift
        • Camshaft Runout
        • Crankshaft Main Bearing Journal Diameter
        • Crankshaft Main Bearing Journal Taper and Out-of-Round
        • Crankshaft Main Bearing Journal-to-Bearing Clearance
        • Crankshaft End Play
        • Crankshaft Runout
        • Connecting Rod Bearing Journal Taper and Out-of-Round
        • Cylinder Bore Taper
        • Cylinder Bore Out-of-Round
        • Piston Inspection
        • Piston Pin Bore Diameter
        • Piston Diameter
        • Piston To Cylinder Bore Clearance
        • Piston Ring End Gap
        • Piston Ring-to-Groove Clearance
        • Piston Pin Diameter
        • Connecting Rod Cleaning
        • Connecting Rod Large End Bore
        • Connecting Rod Bushing Diameter
        • Connecting Rod Bend
        • Connecting Rod Twist
        • Connecting Rod Bearing Journal-to-Bearing Clearance
        • Connecting Rod to Crankshaft Side Clearance
        • Connecting Rod-to-Piston Clearance
        • Roller Follower Inspection
        • Hydraulic Lash Adjuster Inspection
        • Valve Tappet Inspection
        • Valve Stem Diameter
        • Valve Stem to Valve Guide Clearance
        • Valve Inspection
        • Valve Guide Inner Diameter
        • Valve Spring Installed Length
        • Valve Spring Free Length
        • Valve Spring Squareness
        • Valve Spring Strength
        • Valve Seat Inspection
          • Valve and Seat Refacing Measurements
        • Valve Seat Width
        • Valve Seat Runout
        • Flexplate Inspection
        • Flywheel Inspection
        • Cylinder Head Distortion
        • Cylinder Block Distortion
        • Cylinder Bore Cleaning
        • Core Plug Replacement
        • Spark Plug Inspection
        • Exhaust Manifold Cleaning and Inspection
        • Bearing Inspection
        • Powertrain/Drivetrain Mount Neutralizing
  • Starter
    • Starting System
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Starting System
          • Notes
          • Starter Motor
          • Starter Relay
          • Clutch Pedal Position (CPP) Switch
          • Transmission Range (TR) Sensor
          • Starter System - Operation
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Starting System
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Test
          • Component Tests
            • Notes
            • Starter Motor - Motor Feed Circuit
            • Starter Motor - Ground Circuit
      • General Procedures
        • Starter Motor Drive Gear & Flywheel Ring Gear Inspection
      • Removal & Installation
        • Starter Motor - 2.3L
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Starter Motor - 3.0L
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Starter Motor - 4.0L
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
• Engine Performance
  • Emissions
    • EGR Function Testing - Ford - Trucks
      • EGR Function Testing - Ford - Trucks
        • Test 1
          • Ported EGR Valve
        • Test 2
          • Backpressure Transducer EGR System
        • Test 3
          • Integral Backpressure Transducer Assembly
        • Test 4
          • Electronic EGR Valve
        • Test 5
          • Vacuum Amplifier (If Equipped)
        • Test 6
          • EEC-V Equipped Vehicles
        • Test 7
          • 1996-97 EEC-IV Equipped Trucks
        • Test 8
          • EGR Valve
          • EGR Vacuum Regulator Solenoid
        • Test 9
    • Emission Applications
      • Emission Applications
    • Emission Control Abbreviations
      • "A"
      • "B"
      • "C"
      • "D"
      • "E"
      • "F"
      • "G"
      • "H"
      • "I"
      • "K"
      • "L"
      • "M"
      • "N"
      • "O"
      • "P"
      • "R"
      • "S"
      • "T"
      • "V"
      • "W"
    • State Emission Standards - Diesel
      • ARIZONA
      • Colorado
      • CONNECTICUT
      • IDAHO
      • KENTUCKY
      • MASSACHUSETTS
      • New YORK
      • OHIO
      • RHODE Island
      • UTAH
      • WASHINGTON
    • State Emission Standards - Gas
      • ALASKA
      • ARIZONA
      • CALIFORNIA
        • California Emission Standards ASM Tests
        • Legend
        • Pass/Fail Emission Standards = A+B / VTW
      • Colorado
      • CONNECTICUT
      • DELAWARE
      • District Of COLUMBIA
      • GEORGIA
      • IDAHO
      • ILLINOIS
      • INDIANA
      • KENTUCKY
      • MARYLAND
      • MASSACHUSETTS
      • MISSOURI
      • NEVADA
      • New Jersey
      • New MEXICO
      • New YORK
      • North CAROLINA
      • OHIO
      • OREGON
      • PENNSYLVANIA
      • RHODE Island
      • TENNESSEE
      • TEXAS
      • UTAH
      • VIRGINIA
      • WASHINGTON
      • WISCONSIN
      • U. S. EPA ASM2525 & ASM5015 Start-Up Emission Standards
      • U. S. EPA Revised Final ASM Emission Standards (ASM5015 & ASM2525)
      • U.S. EPA Im240 Emission Standards
        • Start-Up Standards
        • Final Standards
  • Engine Control Systems
    • Acceleration Control System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Acceleration Control
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Acceleration Control
          • Notes
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Symptom Chart
      • Removal & Installation
        • Accelerator Pedal
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Accelerator Cable - 2.3L
          • Removal & Installation
        • Accelerator Cable - 3.0L
          • Removal & Installation
        • Accelerator Cable - 4.0L
          • Removal & Installation
  • Fuel Delivery
    • Fuel Charging And Controls - 2.3L
      • Specifications
        • Material Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Fuel Charging and Controls
          • Sequential Multiport Fuel Injection (SFI)
          • Throttle Body (TB)
          • Fuel Rail
          • Fuel Injectors
          • Fuel Pressure Relief Valve
          • System Operation
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Fuel Charging and Controls
      • Removal And Installation
        • Throttle Body
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
          • Installation
        • Fuel Rail and Fuel Injector - Exploded View
        • Fuel Rail
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Fuel Injectors
          • Removal And Installation
        • Fuel Pressure Relief Valve
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
    • Fuel System - General Information
      • Specifications
        • Material Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Fuel System
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Fuel System
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection & Verification
          • DTC Chart
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Test
      • General Procedures
        • Fuel System Pressure Release
        • Fuel System Pressure Test
        • Fuel Tank Draining
        • Spring Lock Couplings
          • Notes
          • Disconnect - Type I
          • Connect - Type I
          • Disconnect - Type II
          • Connect - Type II
        • Quick Connect Coupling
          • Notes
          • Disconnect - Type I
          • Connect - Type I
          • Disconnect - Type II
          • Connect - Type II
          • Disconnect - Type III
          • Connect - Type IV
    • Fuel Tank And Fuel Lines
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Fuel Tank & Lines
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Fuel Tank & Lines
      • Removal & Installation
        • Fuel Tank & Filler Pipe - Exploded View
        • Fuel Tank Support Straps
          • Removal & Installation
        • Fuel Tank
          • Removal & Installation
        • Fuel Pump
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Fuel Tank Filler Pipe
          • Removal & Installation
        • Fuel Lines & Fuel Filter - Exploded View
        • Fuel Lines
          • Removal & Installation
        • Fuel Filter
        • Inertia Fuel Shutoff (IFS) Switch
          • Removal & Installation
  • Engine Ignition System - 2.3L
    • Specifications
      • Material Specifications
      • General Specifications
      • Torque Specifications
    • Description And Operation
      • Engine Ignition
    • Diagnostic Tests
      • Engine Ignition
    • Removal And Installation
      • Engine Ignition Components - Exploded View
      • Ignition Coil
        • Notes
        • Removal And Installation
      • Spark Plug Wires
        • Notes
        • Removal And Installation
      • Spark Plugs
        • Removal And Installation
  • Mode 6 - 2008 Ford - Except Diesel
    • Introduction
    • Catalyst Monitor
    • Misfire Monitor
    • Air System Monitor
    • EVAP Monitor
    • Front Ho2S Monitor
    • Rear Ho2S Monitor
    • Ho2S Heater Monitor
    • UEGO Monitor
    • UEGO Heater Monitor
    • EGR Monitor
    • Variable Cam Timing System Monitor
  • Pin Voltage Charts
    • Engine Controls - Reference Values (Except Diesel & Hybrid)
      • Reference Value Symptom Chart
        • Notes
        • Symptom Chart
      • Reference Value Parameter Identification (PID)/Measured Signal Chart
      • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
        • Notes:
      • 2.0L 4V Focus
        • Notes
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
      • 2.3L 4V Fusion/Milan
        • Notes
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
      • 3.0L 4V Fusion/Milan
        • Notes
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
      • 3.5L 4V Edge/MKX
        • Notes
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
      • 3.5L 4V MKZ
        • Notes
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
      • 3.5L 4V Taurus/Taurus X/Sable
        • Notes
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
      • 4.0L Mustang
        • Notes
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
      • 4.6L 3V Mustang
        • Notes
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
      • 5.4L 4V Mustang
        • Notes
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
      • 4.6L 2V Crown Victoria/Grand Marquis
        • Notes
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
      • 4.6L 2V Town Car
        • Notes
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
      • 2.3L 4V Escape/Mariner
        • Notes
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
      • 3.0L 4V Escape/Mariner
        • Notes
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
      • 2.3L Ranger
        • Notes
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
      • 3.0L Ranger
        • Notes
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
      • 4.0L Ranger
        • Notes
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
      • 4.0L Explorer/Explorer Sport Trac/Mountaineer
        • Notes
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
      • 4.6L 3V Explorer/Explorer Sport Trac/Mountaineer
        • Notes
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
      • 4.2L F-150
        • Notes
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
      • 4.6L 2V F-150
        • Notes
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
      • 5.4L 3V F-150/Mark LT
        • Notes
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
      • 4.6L 2V E-Series
        • Notes
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
      • 5.4L 2V E-Series
        • Notes
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
      • 6.8L 2V E-Series
        • Notes
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
      • 5.4L 3V Expedition/Navigator
        • Notes
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
      • 5.4L 3V F-Super Duty
        • Notes
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
      • 6.8L 3V F-Super Duty
        • Notes
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
  • Remove, Overhaul & Install
    • Acceleration Control System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Acceleration Control
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Acceleration Control
          • Notes
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Symptom Chart
      • Removal & Installation
        • Accelerator Pedal
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Accelerator Cable - 2.3L
          • Removal & Installation
        • Accelerator Cable - 3.0L
          • Removal & Installation
        • Accelerator Cable - 4.0L
          • Removal & Installation
    • Electronic Engine Control System
      • Specifications
        • Material Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Electronic Engine Controls
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Electronic Engine Controls
      • Removal & Installation
        • Camshaft Position (CMP) Sensor - 2.3L
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Camshaft Position (CMP) Sensor & Synchronizer - Exploded View, 3.0L
        • Camshaft Synchronizer - 3.0L (2V)
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Camshaft Position (CMP) Sensor - 4.0L
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Crankshaft Position (CKP) Sensor - 2.3L
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Crankshaft Position (CKP) Sensor - 3.0L
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Crankshaft Position (CKP) Sensor - 4.0L
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Cylinder Head Temperature (CHT) Sensor - 2.3L
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor - 3.0L
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor - 4.0L
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) & Catalyst Monitor Sensor - Exploded View
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S)
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Catalyst Monitor Sensor
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Idle Air Control (IAC) Valve - 2.3L
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Idle Air Control (IAC) Valve - 3.0L
          • Removal & Installation
        • Idle Air Control (IAC) Valve - 4.0L
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Knock Sensor (KS) - 2.3L
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Knock Sensor (KS) - 3.0L
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Knock Sensor (KS) - 4.0L
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP) Sensor - 2.3L
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Mass Air Flow (MAF) Sensor
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Powertrain Control Module (PCM)
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Throttle Position (TP) Sensor - 2.3L
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Throttle Position (TP) Sensor - 3.0L
          • Removal & Installation
        • Throttle Position (TP) Sensor - 4.0L
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Clutch Pedal Position (CPP) Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
    • Intake Air Distribution And Filtering
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Intake Air Distribution and Filtering
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Intake Air Distribution and Filtering
      • Removal And Installation
        • Intake Air System Components - Exploded View
  • Specifications
    • Firing Order & Cylinder Identification
      • Firing Order & Cylinder Identification
        • Notes
        • 3 Cylinder Engine
        • 4 Cylinder Engine
        • 5 Cylinder Engine
        • V6 Engine
          • 3.3L (VIN T) Engines
          • 3.0L Villager Engine
          • All Other V6 Engines Except 3.3L (VIN T) & 3.0L Villager Engine
        • V8 Engine
          • 3.9L (VIN A) V8 Engines
          • 5.2L V8 Engines
          • 5.0L (Mustang Only) & 6.2L V8 Engines
          • All Other Gasoline V8 Engines Except 3.9L (VIN A), 5.0L (Mustang Only), 5.2L & 6.2L
          • Diesel V8 Engine (To 2010)
          • 6.7L Diesel V8 Engine (From 2011)
        • V10 Engine
    • Fuel System Pressure Specifications
      • Fuel Systems
        • Fuel Pressure - Cars
        • Fuel Pressure - Trucks
  • System
    • Engine Controls - Description And Operation (Except Diesel & Hybrid)
      • Vehicle Emission Control Information (VECI)
        • VECI Decal
        • VECI Decal Location
        • Engine/Evaporative Emission (EVAP) System Information
      • Vehicle Certification Label
        • Base Engine Calibration Information
        • Vehicle Certification Label Location
        • Engine Calibration Code
      • Vehicle Emission Control Information (VECI) Acronym Definitions
      • Engine Control Components
        • Notes
        • Accelerator Pedal Position (APP) Sensor
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) Clutch Relay (A/CCR)
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) Cycling Switch
        • Air Conditioning Evaporator Temperature (ACET) Sensor
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) High Pressure Switch
        • Air Conditioning Pressure (ACP) Transducer Sensor
        • Brake Pedal Position (BPP) Switch
        • Brake Pedal Switch (BPS)/Brake Deactivator Switch
        • Camshaft Position (CMP) Sensor
        • Canister Vent (CV) Solenoid
        • Check Fuel Cap Indicator
        • Clutch Pedal Position (CPP) Switch
        • Coil On Plug (COP)
        • Coil Pack
        • Cooling Fan Clutch
        • Crankshaft Position (CKP) Sensor
        • Cylinder Head Temperature (CHT) Sensor
        • Differential Pressure Feedback Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Sensor
          • Notes
          • Differential Pressure Feedback Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Sensor - Tube Mounted
        • Electric Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EEGR) Valve
        • Electronic Throttle Actuator Control (TAC)
        • Electronic Throttle Body (ETB) Throttle Position Sensor
        • Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor
        • Engine Oil Temperature (EOT) Sensor
        • Evaporative Emission (EVAP) Canister Purge Valve
        • Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Orifice Tube Assembly
        • Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) System Module (ESM)
        • Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Vacuum Regulator Solenoid
        • Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Valve
        • Fan Control
        • Fan Speed Sensor (FSS)
        • Fuel Injectors
        • Fuel Level Input (FLI)
        • Fuel Pump (FP) Module
        • Fuel Pump (FP) Module and Reservoir
        • Fuel Rail Pressure Temperature (FRPT) Sensor
        • Fuel Rail Pulse Damper
        • Fuel Tank Pressure (FTP) Sensor
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S)
        • Idle Air Control (IAC) Valve
        • Inertia Fuel Shutoff (IFS) Switch
        • Intake Air Temperature (IAT) Sensor
        • Intake Manifold Tuning Valve (IMTV)
        • Knock Sensor (KS)
        • Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP) Sensor
        • Mass Air Flow (MAF) Sensor
        • Output Shaft Speed (OSS) Sensor
        • Power Steering Pressure (PSP) Sensor
        • Power Steering Pressure (PSP) Switch
        • Power Take-Off (PTO) Switch and Circuits
        • Powertrain Control Module - Vehicle Speed Output (PCM-VSO)
        • Secondary Air Injection (AIR) Bypass Solenoid
        • Secondary AIR Diverter Valve
        • Secondary AIR Pump
        • Starter Motor Request (SMR) Circuit
        • Throttle Position (TP) Sensor
        • Transmission Control Indicator Lamp (TCIL)
        • Transmission Control Switch (TCS)
        • Universal HO2S
        • Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS)
      • Electronic Engine Control (EEC) System
        • Overview
        • Modifications to OBD Vehicles
      • Powertrain Control Hardware
        • Powertrain Control Module (PCM)
        • PCM Locations
        • 140-Pin PCM - Expedition/Navigator
        • 140-Pin PCM - All Others
        • 150-Pin PCM
        • 170-Pin PCM
        • 190-Pin PCM
        • Fuel Pump Driver Module (FPDM)
        • Keep Alive Memory (KAM)
        • Integrated Electronic Ignition System
        • Power and Ground Signals
          • Electronic Throttle Control Reference Voltage (ETCREF)
          • Electronic Throttle Control Return (ETCRTN)
          • Gold Plated Pins
          • Keep Alive Power (KAPWR)
          • Mass Air Flow (MAF) Return
          • Power Ground (PWR GND)
          • Signal Return (SIG RTN)
          • Variable Reluctance Sensor Return (VRSRTN)
          • Vehicle Buffered Power (VBPWR)
          • Vehicle Power (VPWR)
          • Vehicle Reference Voltage (VREF)
      • Powertrain Control Software
        • Adaptive Airflow
        • Computer Controlled Shutdown
        • Engine RPM/Vehicle Speed Limiter
        • Fail-Safe Cooling Strategy
        • Failure Mode Effects Management (FMEM)
        • Flash Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM)
        • Fuel Trim
        • High Speed Controller Area Network (CAN)
        • Idle Air Trim
        • Idle Speed Control Closed Throttle Determination - Applications Without Electronic Throttle Control (ETC)
        • International Standards Organization (ISO) 14229 Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Descriptions
        • Multiplexing
        • Multiplexing Implementation
      • Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL)
      • Catalyst and Exhaust Systems
        • Overview
          • Notes
          • Catalytic Converter
          • Light Off Catalyst
          • Three-Way Catalyst (TWC) Conversion Efficiency
          • Exhaust System
        • Underbody Catalyst
          • Notes
          • Three-Way Catalytic (TWC) Converter
          • Exhaust Manifold Runners
          • Exhaust Pipes
          • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S)
          • Muffler
      • Evaporative Emission (EVAP) Systems
        • Overview
          • Notes
          • Enhanced Evaporative Emission (EVAP) System
      • Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Systems
        • Overview
        • Differential Pressure Feedback Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) System
        • Electric Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EEGR) System
        • Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) System Module (ESM)
      • Fuel Systems
        • Overview
        • Electronic Returnless Fuel System (ERFS)
        • Fuel Pump Control - ERFS
        • Fuel Pump Monitor (FPM) - ERFS
        • Mechanical Returnless Fuel System (MRFS)
        • Fuel Pump Control - MRFS
        • Fuel Pump Monitor (FPM) - MRFS
        • Fuel Filters
        • Pressure Test Point
      • Ignition Systems
        • Overview
        • Integrated Electronic Ignition System
        • Engine Crank/Engine Running
        • CMP FMEM
      • Intake Air Systems
        • Overview
        • Throttle Body System Overview
          • Notes
          • Features of the Throttle Body Assembly include:
        • Overview of the Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) and Intake Manifold Tuning Valve (IMTV) Systems
        • Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Electric Actuated System
        • Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Vacuum Actuated System
        • Intake Manifold Tuning Valve (IMTV) System
      • Positive Crankcase Ventilation (PCV) System
        • Overview
          • Notes
          • PCV Types
            • Heated Tubes
            • PCV Valves
        • Hardware
      • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Controlled Charging System
        • Overview
      • Secondary Air Injection (AIR) System
        • Overview
        • Secondary AIR System
      • Supercharger and Charge Air Cooler (CAC) Systems
        • Supercharger Assembly
        • Supercharger Bypass (SCB) System
        • Charge Air Cooler (CAC) System
      • (Torque Based) Electronic Throttle Control (ETC)
        • Overview
        • Electronic Throttle Body (ETB)
        • Accelerator Pedal Position (APP) Sensor
        • Electronic Throttle Control (ETC) System Strategy
        • APP and TP Sensor Inputs
        • Electronic Throttle Actuator Control (TAC) Output
      • Variable Camshaft Timing (VCT) System
        • Overview
        • Variable Camshaft Timing (VCT) System
      • On Board Diagnostics (OBD) Monitors
        • OBD-I, OBD-II and Engine Manufacturer Diagnostics (EMD) Overview
      • Catalyst Efficiency Monitor
        • Notes
        • General Catalyst Monitor Operation
      • Cold Start Emission Reduction Monitor
        • Overview
        • Cold Start Emission Reduction Component Monitor
        • Cold Start Emission Reduction System Monitor
      • Comprehensive Component Monitor (CCM)
      • Electric Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EEGR) System Monitor
      • Evaporative Emission (EVAP) Leak Check Monitor
        • Notes
        • Engine On EVAP Leak Check Monitor
        • Engine Off Natural Vacuum (EONV) EVAP Leak Check Monitor
      • Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) System Monitor - Differential Pressure Feedback EGR and EGR System Module (ESM)
      • Fuel System Monitor
      • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) Monitor
      • Misfire Detection Monitor
      • Positive Crankcase Ventilation (PCV) System Monitor
      • Secondary Air Injection (AIR) System Monitor
      • Thermostat Monitor
      • Variable Camshaft Timing (VCT) Monitor
    • Engine Controls - Diagnostic Methods (Except Diesel & Hybrid)
      • Diagnostic Methods
        • Overview
      • Diagnostic Tools
      • Scan Tool Setup and Functionality
        • Notes
        • International Standards Organization (ISO) 14229 Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Descriptions
      • Vehicle Check/Preparation
        • Notes
        • Visual Checks
        • Vehicle Preparation
      • Quick Test Description
        • Quick Test
        • Key On Engine Off (KOEO) On-Demand Self-Test
        • Key On Engine Running (KOER) On-Demand Self-Test
          • Notes
          • Brake Pedal Position (BPP) Test
          • Power Steering Pressure (PSP) Test
          • Transmission Control Switch (TCS) Test
        • Continuous Memory Self-Test
      • Clear the Continuous Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) and Reset the Emission Monitors Information in the Powertrain Control Module (PCM)
        • Description
      • Resetting The Keep Alive Memory (KAM)
        • Description
      • On-Board System Readiness (OSR) Test
        • Description
      • Output State Control (OSC)
        • Description
      • Output Test Mode (OTM)
        • Description
      • Parameter Identification (PID)
        • Description
          • Notes
          • Generic OBD PID List
          • Ford PID List
      • Freeze Frame Data
        • Description
      • Flash Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM)
        • Description
        • Programming the VID Block for a Replacement PCM
        • Making Changes to the VID Block
        • Making Changes to the PCM Calibration
      • Diagnostic Monitoring Test Results - Mode 6
      • On Board Diagnostic (OBD) Drive Cycle
        • Description of On Board Diagnostic (OBD) Drive Cycle
        • Drive Cycle Recommendations
      • Intermittent Diagnostic Techniques
        • Notes
        • Recreating the Fault
        • Accumulating PCM Data
        • Comparing PCM Data
          • Notes
          • Analyzing PCM Data
      • Adaptive Fuel Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Diagnostic Techniques
    • Engine Controls - Introduction (Except Diesel & Hybrid)
      • Introduction
        • Notes
        • Important Safety Notice
          • Notes
          • Note, Notice, Caution And Warning
        • Preface
          • Notes
          • Description and Operation
          • Diagnostic Methods
          • Symptom Charts
          • Powertrain Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Charts and Descriptions
          • Pinpoint Tests
          • Reference Values
        • How to Use the Diagnostic Procedures
        • What's New in this article
          • Notes
          • New Vehicles:
          • Deleted Vehicles:
          • Other Changes:
      • Acronyms and Definitions
    • Engine Controls - Powertrain DTC Charts And Descriptions (Except Diesel & Hybrid)
      • Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Charts And Descriptions
        • Notes
        • DTC List
      • DTC Diagnosis
        • Notes
        • P0010 - Intake Camshaft Position Actuator Circuit/Open (Bank 1)
        • P0011 - Intake Camshaft Position Timing - Over-Advanced (Bank 1)
        • P0012 - Intake Camshaft Position Timing - Over-Retarded (Bank 1)
        • P0016 - Crankshaft Position - Camshaft Position Correlation - Bank 1 Sensor A
        • P0018 - Crankshaft Position - Camshaft Position Correlation - Bank 2 Sensor A
        • P0020 - Intake Camshaft Position Actuator Circuit/Open (Bank 2)
        • P0021 - Intake Camshaft Position Timing - Over-Advanced (Bank 2)
        • P0022 - Intake Camshaft Position Timing - Over-Retarded (Bank 2)
        • P0030 - Ho2S Heater Control Circuit (Bank 1, Sensor 1)
        • P0040 - Oxygen Sensor Signals Swapped Bank 1 Sensor 1/Bank 2 Sensor 1
        • P0041 - Oxygen Sensor Signals Swapped Bank 1 Sensor 2/Bank 2 Sensor 2
        • P0050 - Ho2S Heater Control Circuit (Bank 2, Sensor 1)
        • P0053 - Ho2S Heater Resistance (Bank 1, Sensor 1)
        • P0054 - Ho2S Heater Resistance (Bank 1, Sensor 2)
        • P0055 - Ho2S Heater Resistance (Bank 1, Sensor 3)
        • P0059 - Ho2S Heater Resistance (Bank 2, Sensor 1)
        • P0060 - Ho2S Heater Resistance (Bank 2, Sensor 2)
        • P0068 - Manifold Absolute Pressure (Map)/Mass Air Flow (MAF) - Throttle Position Correlation
        • P0097 - Intake Air Temperature Sensor 2 Circuit Low
        • P0098 - Intake Air Temperature Sensor 2 Circuit High
        • P00BA - Low Fuel Pressure Forced Limited Power
        • P0102 - Mass Or Volume Air Flow A Circuit Low
        • P0103 - Mass Or Volume Air Flow A Circuit High
        • P0104 - Mass Or Volume Air Flow A Circuit Intermittent/Erratic
        • P0106 - Manifold Absolute Pressure (Map/BARO) Sensor Range/Performance
        • P0107 - Manifold Absolute Pressure (Map)/Barometric Pressure (BARO) Sensor Low
        • P0108 - Manifold Absolute Pressure (Map)/Barometric Pressure (BARO) Sensor High
        • P0109 - Manifold Absolute Pressure (Map)/Barometric Pressure (BARO) Sensor Intermittent
        • P0111 - Intake Air Temperature (IAT) Sensor 1 Circuit Range/Performance
        • P0112 - Intake Air Temperature (IAT) Sensor 1 Circuit Low
        • P0113 - Intake Air Temperature (IAT) Sensor 1 Circuit High
        • P0114 - Intake Air Temperature (IAT) Sensor 1 Intermittent/Erratic
        • P0116 - Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor 1 Circuit Range/Performance
        • P0117 - Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor 1 Circuit Low
        • P0118 - Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor 1 Circuit High
        • P0119 - Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor 1 Circuit Intermittent/Erratic
        • P0121 - Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor A Circuit Range/Performance
        • P0122 - Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor A Circuit Low
        • P0123 - Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor A Circuit High
        • P0125 - Insufficient Coolant Temperature For Closed Loop Fuel Control
        • P0127 - Intake Air Temperature (IAT) Too High
        • P0128 - Coolant Thermostat (Coolant Temperature Below Thermostat Regulating Temperature)
        • P012B - Turbocharger/Supercharger Inlet Pressure Sensor Circuit Range/Performance
        • P012C - Turbocharger/Supercharger Inlet Pressure Sensor Circuit Low
        • P012D - Turbocharger/Supercharger Inlet Pressure Sensor Circuit High
        • P012E - Turbocharger/Supercharger Inlet Pressure Sensor Circuit Intermittent/Erratic
        • P0130 - O2 Circuit (Bank 1, Sensor 1)
        • P0132 - O2 Circuit High Voltage (Bank 1, Sensor 1)
        • P0133 - O2 Circuit Slow Response (Bank 1, Sensor 1)
        • P0134 - O2 Circuit No Activity Detected (Bank 1, Sensor 1)
        • P0135 - O2 Heater Circuit (Bank 1, Sensor 1)
        • P0138 - O2 Circuit High Voltage (Bank 1, Sensor 2)
        • P0139 - O2 Circuit Slow Response (Bank 1, Sensor 2)
        • P0141 - O2 Heater Circuit (Bank 1, Sensor 2)
        • P0144 - O2 Circuit High Voltage (Bank 1, Sensor 3)
        • P0147 - O2 Heater Circuit (Bank 1, Sensor 3)
        • P0148 - Fuel Delivery Error
        • P0150 - O2 Circuit (Bank 2, Sensor 1)
        • P0152 - O2 Circuit High Voltage (Bank 2, Sensor 1)
        • P0153 - O2 Circuit Slow Response (Bank 2, Sensor 1)
        • P0154 - O2 Circuit No Activity Detected (Bank 2, Sensor 1)
        • P0155 - O2 Heater Circuit (Bank 2, Sensor 1)
        • P0158 - O2 Circuit High Voltage (Bank 2, Sensor 2)
        • P0159 - O2 Circuit Slow Response (Bank 2, Sensor 2)
        • P0161 - O2 Heater Circuit (Bank 2, Sensor 2)
        • P0171 - System Too Lean (Bank 1)
        • P0172 - System Too Rich (Bank 1)
        • P0174 - System Too Lean (Bank 2)
        • P0175 - System Too Rich (Bank 2)
        • P0180 - Fuel Temperature Sensor A Circuit
        • P0181 - Fuel Temperature Sensor A Circuit Range/Performance
        • P0182 - Fuel Temperature Sensor A Circuit Low
        • P0183 - Fuel Temperature Sensor A Circuit High
        • P0190 - Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor A Circuit
        • P0191 - Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor A Circuit Range/Performance
        • P0192 - Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor A Circuit Low
        • P0193 - Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor A Circuit High
        • P0196 - Engine Oil Temperature (EOT) Sensor Circuit Range/Performance
        • P0197 - Engine Oil Temperature (EOT) Sensor Circuit Low
        • P0198 - Engine Oil Temperature (EOT) Sensor Circuit High
        • P0201 - P0209 Injector Circuit/Open - Cylinder X
        • P0210 - Injector Circuit/Open - Cylinder 10
        • P0217 - Engine Coolant Over-Temperature Condition
        • P0218 - Transmission Fluid Temperature Over-Temperature Condition
        • P0219 - Engine Over Speed Condition
        • P0221 - Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch B Circuit Range/Performance
        • P0222 - Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch B Circuit Low
        • P0223 - Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch B Circuit High
        • P0230 - Fuel Pump Primary Circuit
        • P0231 - Fuel Pump Secondary Circuit Low
        • P0232 - Fuel Pump Secondary Circuit High
        • P0297 - Vehicle Over Speed Condition
        • P0298 - Engine Oil Over Temperature Condition
        • P0300 - Random Misfire Detected
        • P0301 - P0309 - Cylinder X Misfire Detected
        • P0310 - Cylinder 10 Misfire Detected
        • P0315 - Crankshaft Position System Variation Not Learned.
        • P0316 - Misfire Detected On Startup (First 1000 Revolutions)
        • P0320 - Ignition/Distributor Engine Speed Input Circuit
        • P0325 - Knock Sensor 1 Circuit (Bank 1)
        • P0326 - Knock Sensor 1 Circuit Range/Performance (Bank 1)
        • P0330 - Knock Sensor 2 Circuit (Bank 2)
        • P0331 - Knock Sensor 2 Circuit Range/Performance (Bank 2)
        • P0340 - Camshaft Position Sensor A Circuit (Bank 1 Or Single Sensor)
        • P0344 - Camshaft Position Sensor A Circuit Intermittent (Bank 1 Or Single Sensor)
        • P0345 - Camshaft Position Sensor A Circuit (Bank 2)
        • P0349 - Camshaft Position Sensor A Circuit Intermittent (Bank 2)
        • P0350 - Ignition Coil Primary/Secondary Circuit
        • P0351 - Ignition Coil A Primary/Secondary Circuit
        • P0352 - Ignition Coil B Primary/Secondary Circuit
        • P0353 - Ignition Coil C Primary/Secondary Circuit
        • P0354 - Ignition Coil D Primary/Secondary Circuit
        • P0355 - Ignition Coil E Primary/Secondary Circuit
        • P0356 - Ignition Coil F Primary/Secondary Circuit
        • P0357 - Ignition Coil G Primary/Secondary Circuit
        • P0358 - Ignition Coil H Primary/Secondary Circuit
        • P0359 - Ignition Coil I Primary/Secondary Circuit
        • P0360 - Ignition Coil J Primary/Secondary Circuit
        • P0400 - Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION (EGR) Flow
        • P0401 - Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION (EGR) Flow Insufficient Detected
        • P0402 - Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION (EGR) Flow Excessive Detected
        • P0403 - Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION (EGR) Control Circuit
        • P0405 - Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION (EGR) Sensor A Circuit Low
        • P0406 - Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION (EGR) Sensor A Circuit High
        • P0410 - Secondary Air Injection (Air) System
        • P0412 - Secondary Air Injection (Air) System - Switching Valve A Circuit
        • P0420 - Catalyst System Efficiency Below Threshold (Bank 1)
        • P0430 - Catalyst System Efficiency Below Threshold (Bank 2)
        • P0442 - Evaporative Emission System Leak Detected (Small Leak)
        • P0443 - Evaporative Emission System Purge Control Valve Circuit
        • P0446 - Evaporative Emission System Vent Control Circuit
        • P0451 - Evaporative Emission System Pressure Sensor/Switch Range/Performance
        • P0452 - Evaporative Emission System Pressure Sensor/Switch Low
        • P0453 - Evaporative Emission System Pressure Sensor/Switch High
        • P0454 - Evaporative Emission System Pressure Sensor/Switch Intermittent
        • P0455 - Evaporative Emission System Leak Detected (Gross Leak/No Flow)
        • P0456 - Evaporative Emission System Leak Detected (Very Small Leak)
        • P0457 - Evaporative Emission System Leak Detected (Fuel Cap Loose/Off)
        • P0460 - Fuel Level Sensor A Circuit
        • P0461 - Fuel Level Sensor A Circuit Range/Performance
        • P0462 - Fuel Level Sensor A Circuit Low
        • P0463 - Fuel Level Sensor A Circuit High
        • P0480 - Fan 1 Control Circuit
        • P0481 - Fan 2 Control Circuit
        • P0482 - Fan 3 Control Circuit
        • P0483 - Fan Performance
        • P0491 - Secondary Air Injection (Air) System Insufficient Flow (Bank 1)
        • P0500 - Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS) A
        • P0503 - Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS) A Intermittent/Erratic/High
        • P0504 - Brake Switch Correlation
        • P0505 - Idle Air Control (IAC) System
        • P0506 - Idle Air Control (IAC) System Rpm Lower Than Expected
        • P0507 - Idle Air Control (IAC) System Rpm Higher Than Expected
        • P050A - Cold Start Idle Air Control Performance
        • P050B - Cold Start Ignition Timing Performance
        • P050E - Cold Start Engine Exhaust Temperature Out Of Range
        • P0511 - Idle Air Control (IAC) Circuit
        • P0512 - Starter Request Circuit
        • P0528 - Fan Speed Sensor Circuit No Signal
        • P052A - Cold Start Camshaft Position Timing Over-Advanced (Bank 1)
        • P052B - Cold Start Camshaft Position Timing Over-Retarded (Bank 1)
        • P052C - Cold Start Camshaft Position Timing Over-Advanced (Bank 2)
        • P052D - Cold Start Camshaft Position Timing Over-Retarded (Bank 2)
        • P0532 - A/C Pressure Refrigerant Sensor A Circuit Low
        • P0533 - A/C Refrigerant Pressure Sensor A Circuit High
        • P0534 - A/C Refrigerant Charge Loss
        • P0537 - A/C Evaporator Temperature Sensor Circuit Low
        • P0538 - A/C Evaporator Temperature Sensor Circuit High
        • P053A - Positive Crankcase Ventilation (PCV) Heater Control Circuit / Open
        • P0552 - Power Steering Pressure (PSP) Sensor/Switch Circuit Low
        • P0553 - Power Steering Pressure (PSP) Sensor Circuit High Input
        • P0563 - System Voltage High
        • P0571 - Brake Switch A Circuit
        • P0572 - Brake Switch A Circuit Low
        • P0573 - Brake Switch A Circuit High
        • P0579 - Cruise Control MULTIFUNCTION Input A Circuit Range / Performance
        • P0581 - Cruise Control MULTIFUNCTION Input A Circuit High
        • P0600 - Serial Communication Link
        • P0602 - Powertrain Control Module (Pcm) Programming Error
        • P0603 - Internal Control Module Keep Alive Memory (KAM) Error
        • P0604 - Internal Control Module Random Access Memory (Ram) Error
        • P0605 - Internal Control Module Read Only Memory (ROM) Error
        • P0606 - Control Module Processor
        • P0607 - Control Module Performance
        • P060A - Internal Control Module Monitoring Processor Performance
        • P060B - Internal Control Module A/D Processing Performance
        • P060C - Internal Control Module Main Processor Performance
        • P060D - Internal Control Module Accelerator Pedal Position Performance
        • P0610 - Control Module Vehicle Options Error
        • P061B - Internal Control Module Torque Calculation Performance
        • P061C - Internal Control Module Engine Rpm Performance
        • P061D - Internal Control Module Engine Air Mass Performance
        • P061F - Internal Control Module Throttle Actuator Controller Performance
        • P0620 - Generator Control Circuit
        • P0622 - Generator Field Terminal Circuit
        • P0625 - Generator Field Terminal Circuit Low
        • P0626 - Generator Field Terminal Circuit High
        • P062C - Internal Control Module Vehicle Speed Performance
        • P0642 - Sensor Reference Voltage A Circuit Low
        • P0643 - Sensor Reference Voltage A Circuit High
        • P0645 - Air Conditioning Clutch Relay (A/CCR) Control Circuit
        • P064D - Internal Control Module O2 Sensor Processor Performance - Bank 1
        • P064E - Internal Control Module O2 Sensor Processor Performance - Bank 2
        • P0657 - Actuator Supply Voltage A Circuit/Open
        • P065B - Generator Control Circuit Range/Performance
        • P0660 - Intake Manifold Tuning Valve (IMTV) Control Circuit Open - Bank 1
        • P0663 - Intake Manifold Tuning Valve (IMTV) Control Circuit Open - Bank 2
        • P0685 - Electronic Control Module (ECM)/Powertrain Control Module (Pcm) Power Relay Control Circuit/Open
        • P0689 - Electronic Control Module (ECM)/Powertrain Control Module (Pcm) Power Relay Sense Circuit Low
        • P0690 - Electronic Control Module (ECM)/Powertrain Control Module (Pcm) Power Relay Sense Circuit High
        • P0703 - Brake Switch B Input Circuit
        • P0704 - Clutch Switch Input Circuit
        • P0705 - Transmission Range Sensor A Circuit (PRNDL) Input
        • P0707 - Transmission Range Sensor A Circuit Low
        • P0708 - Transmission Range Sensor A Circuit High
        • P071X - Transmission Code
        • P0720 - Output Shaft Speed (OSS) Sensor Circuit
        • P0721 - Output Shaft Speed (OSS) Sensor Circuit Range/Performance
        • P0722 - Output Shaft Speed (OSS) Sensor Circuit No Signal
        • P0723 - Output Shaft Speed (OSS) Sensor Circuit Intermittent
        • P073X - Transmission Code
        • P074X - Transmission Code
        • P075X - Transmission Code
        • P076X - Transmission Code
        • P077X - Transmission Code
        • P078X - Transmission Code
        • P079X - Transmission Code
        • P0815 - Upshift Switch Circuit
        • P0830 - Clutch Pedal Switch A Circuit
        • P0833 - Clutch Pedal Switch B Circuit
        • P0840 - Transmission Fluid Pressure Sensor/Switch A Circuit
        • P09XX - Transmission Code
        • P1000 - On-Board Diagnostic (OBD) Systems Readiness Test Not Complete
        • P1001 - Key On Engine Running (KOER) Not Able To Complete, KOER Aborted
        • P1100 - Mass Air Flow (MAF) Sensor Circuit Intermittent
        • P1101 - Mass Air Flow (MAF) Sensor Out Of Self-Test Range
        • P1112 - Intake Air Temperature (IAT) Circuit Intermittent
        • P1114 - Intake Air Temperature 2 (IAT2) Circuit Low (Supercharged/Turbocharged Engines)
        • P1115 - Intake Air Temperature 2 (IAT2) Circuit High (Supercharged/Turbocharged Engines)
        • P1116 - Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor Out Of Self-Test Range
        • P1117 - Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor Circuit Intermittent
        • P1120 - Throttle Position Sensor A Out Of Range Low (RATCH Too Low)
        • P1124 - Throttle Position Sensor A Out Of Self-Test Range
        • P1127 - Exhaust Temperature Out Of Range, O2 Sensor Tests Not Completed
        • P115E - Throttle Actuator Control (TAC) Throttle Body Air Flow Trim At Max Limit
        • P117A - Engine Oil Over Temperature - Forced Limited Power
        • P1184 - Engine Oil Temperature (EOT) Sensor Out Of Self-Test Range
        • P1227 - WASTEGATE Failed Closed (Over Pressure)
        • P1228 - WASTEGATE Failed Open (Under Pressure)
        • P1229 - Charge Air Cooler (CAC) Pump Driver
        • P1233 - Fuel Pump Driver Module Disabled Or Off Line
        • P1234 - Fuel Pump Driver Module Disabled Or Off Line
        • P1235 - Fuel Pump Control Out Of Range
        • P1236 - Fuel Pump Control Out Of Range
        • P1237 - Fuel Pump Secondary Circuit
        • P1238 - Fuel Pump Secondary Circuit
        • P1244 - Alternator Load High Input
        • P1245 - Alternator Load Low Input
        • P1246 - Alternator Load Input
        • P1260 - Theft Detected, Vehicle Immobilized
        • P1270 - Engine Rpm Or Vehicle Speed Limiter Reached
        • P1285 - Cylinder Head Over Temperature Condition
        • P1288 - Cylinder Head Temperature (CHT) Sensor Out Of Self-Test Range
        • P1289 - Cylinder Head Temperature (CHT) Sensor Circuit High
        • P128A - Cylinder Head Temperature (CHT) Sensor Circuit Intermittent/Erratic
        • P1290 - Cylinder Head Temperature (CHT) Sensor Circuit Low
        • P1299 - Cylinder Head Over Temperature Protection Active
        • P1336 - Crankshaft/Camshaft Sensor Range/Performance
        • P1397 - System Voltage Out Of Self -Test Range
        • P1405 - Differential Pressure Feedback Sensor Upstream Hose Off Or Plugged
        • P1406 - Differential Pressure Feedback Sensor Downstream Hose Off Or Plugged
        • P1408 - Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION (EGR) Flow Out Of Self-Test Range (Non-Mil)
        • P1409 - Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION (EGR) Vacuum Regulator Solenoid Circuit
        • P1436 - A/C Evaporator Air Temperature Circuit Low
        • P1437 - A/C Evaporator Air Temperature Circuit High
        • P144A - Evaporative Emission System Purge Vapor Line Restricted/Blocked
        • P1450 - Unable To Bleed Up Fuel Tank Vacuum
        • P1451 - Evaporative Emission System Vent Control Circuit
        • P145E - PCV Heater Control B Circuit
        • P1460 - Wide Open Throttle A/C Cutout Circuit
        • P1461 - A/C Pressure Sensor Circuit High
        • P1462 - Air Conditioning Pressure (A/Cp) Sensor Low Voltage Detected
        • P1463 - Air Conditioning Pressure Sensor (A/Cp) Insufficient Pressure Change
        • P1464 - A/C Demand Out Of Self-Test Range
        • P1469 - Rapid A/C Cycling
        • P1474 - Fan Control Primary Circuit
        • P1477 - Additional Fan Relay Circuit
        • P1479 - High Fan Control Primary Circuit
        • P1489 - PCV Heater Control Circuit
        • P1500 - Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS)
        • P1501 - Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS) Out Of Self-Test Range
        • P1502 - Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS) Intermittent
        • P1504 - Idle Air Control (IAC) Circuit
        • P1506 - Idle Air Control (IAC) OVERSPEED Error
        • P1507 - Idle Air Control (IAC) Under Speed Error
        • P1512 - Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Stuck Closed (Bank 1)
        • P1513 - Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Stuck Closed (Bank 2)
        • P1516 - Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Input Error (Bank 1)
        • P1517 - Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Input Error (Bank 2)
        • P1518 - Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Stuck Open Bank 1
        • P1519 - Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Stuck Closed Bank 1
        • P151A - Intake Manifold Runner Controller Performance
        • P1520 - Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Circuit
        • P1537 - Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Stuck Open (Bank 1)
        • P1538 - Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Stuck Open (Bank 2)
        • P1548 - Engine Air Filter Restriction
        • P1549 - Intake Manifold Communication Control (IMCC) Circuit (Bank 1)
        • P1550 - Power Steering Pressure (PSP) Sensor Out Of Self-Test Range
        • P1572 - Brake Pedal Switch Circuit
        • P1575 - Pedal Position Out Of Self Test Range
        • P1633 - Keep Alive Power (KAPWR) Voltage Too Low
        • P1635 - Tire/Axle Ratio Out Of Acceptable Range
        • P1636 - Inductive Signature Chip Communication Error
        • P1639 - Vehicle Id (VID) Block Corrupted, Not Programmed
        • P1640 - Powertrain DTCS Available In Another Module
        • P1641 - Fuel Pump Primary Circuit
        • P1646 - Linear O2 Sensor Control Chip (Bank 1)
        • P1647 - Linear O2 Sensor Control Chip (Bank 2)
        • P1650 - Power Steering Pressure (PSP) Switch Out Of Self-Test Range
        • P1651 - Power Steering Pressure (PSP) Switch Input
        • P1674 - Control Module Software Corrupted
        • P1703 - Brake Switch Out Of Self-Test Range
        • P1705 - Transmission Range Sensor Out Of Self-Test Range
        • P1709 - Park/Neutral Position (PNP) Switch Out Of Self-Test Range
        • P1729 - 4X4L Switch
        • P1780 - Transmission Control Switch (TCS) Out Of Self-Test Range
        • P1781 - 4X4L Switch Out Of Self-Test Range
        • P17XX -
        • P18XX -
        • P1900 - Output Shaft Speed (OSS) Sensor Circuit Intermittent
        • P1901 - Turbine Shaft Speed (TSS) Sensor Circuit Intermittent
        • P2004 - Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Stuck Open (Bank 1)
        • P2005 - Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Stuck Open (Bank 2)
        • P2006 - Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Stuck Closed (Bank 1)
        • P2007 - Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Stuck Closed (Bank 2)
        • P2008 - Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Circuit Open (Bank 1)
        • P2014 - Intake Manifold Runner Position Sensor/Switch Circuit (Bank 1)
        • P2015 - Intake Manifold Runner Position Sensor/Switch Circuit Range/Performance (Bank 1)
        • P2019 - Intake Manifold Runner Position Sensor/Switch Circuit (Bank 2)
        • P2020 - Intake Manifold Runner Position Sensor/Switch Circuit Range/Performance (Bank 2)
        • P2065 - Fuel Level Sensor B Circuit
        • P2066 - Fuel Level Sensor B Circuit Range/Performance
        • P2067 - Fuel Level Sensor B Circuit Low
        • P2068 - Fuel Level Sensor B Circuit High
        • P2070 - Intake Manifold Tuning Valve (IMTV) Stuck Open Bank 1
        • P2071 - Intake Manifold Tuning Valve (IMTV) Stuck Closed Bank 1
        • P2072 - Throttle Actuator Control (TAC) System - Ice Breakage
        • P2096 - Post Catalyst Fuel Trim System Too Lean Bank 1
        • P2097 - Post Catalyst Fuel Trim System Too Rich Bank 1
        • P2098 - Post Catalyst Fuel Trim System Too Lean Bank 2
        • P2099 - Post Catalyst Fuel Trim System Too Rich Bank 2
        • P2100 - Throttle Actuator Control (TAC) Motor Circuit/Open
        • P2101 - Throttle Actuator Control (TAC) Motor Range/Performance
        • P2104 - Throttle Actuator Control (TAC) System - Forced Idle
        • P2105 - Throttle Actuator Control (TAC) System - Forced Engine Shutdown
        • P2107 - Throttle Actuator Control (TAC) Module Processor
        • P2110 - Throttle Actuator Control (TAC) System - Forced Limited Rpm
        • P2111 - Throttle Actuator Control (TAC) System - Stuck Open
        • P2112 - Throttle Actuator Control (TAC) System - Stuck Closed
        • P2119 - Throttle Actuator A Control Throttle Body Range/Performance
        • P2121 - Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch D Circuit Range/Performance
        • P2122 - Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch D Circuit Low
        • P2123 - Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch D Circuit High
        • P2126 - Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch E Circuit Range/Performance
        • P2127 - Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch E Circuit Low
        • P2128 - Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch E Circuit High
        • P2131 - Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch F Circuit Range/Performance
        • P2132 - Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch F Circuit Low
        • P2133 - Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch F Circuit High
        • P2135 - Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch A/B Voltage Correlation
        • P2138 - Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch D/E Voltage Correlation
        • P2195 - O2 Sensor Signal Biased/Stuck Lean - Bank 1, Sensor 1
        • P2196 - O2 Sensor Signal Biased/Stuck Rich - Bank 1, Sensor 1
        • P2197 - O2 Sensor Signal Biased/Stuck Lean - Bank 2, Sensor 1
        • P2198 - O2 Sensor Signal Biased/Stuck Rich - Bank 2, Sensor 1
        • P2257 - Secondary Air Injection (Air) System Control A Circuit Low
        • P2258 - Secondary Air Injection (Air) System Control A Circuit High
        • P2270 - O2 Sensor Signal Stuck Lean - Bank 1, Sensor 2
        • P2271 - O2 Sensor Signal Stuck Rich - Bank 1, Sensor 2
        • P2272 - O2 Sensor Signal Stuck Lean - Bank 2, Sensor 2
        • P2273 - O2 Sensor Signal Stuck Rich - Bank 2, Sensor 2
        • P2274 - O2 Sensor Signal Stuck Lean - Bank 1, Sensor 3
        • P2275 - O2 Sensor Signal Stuck Rich - Bank 1, Sensor 3
        • P2448 - Secondary Air Injection System High Airflow (Bank 1)
        • P260F - Evaporative System Monitoring Processor Performance
        • PXXXX -
        • U0101 - Lost Communication With Transaxle Control Module (TCM)
        • U0121 - Lost Communication With The Antilock Braking System (Abs) Control Module
        • U0155 - Lost Communication With Instrument Panel Cluster Control Module
        • U0300 - Internal Control Module Software Incompatibility
        • U1039 - SCP (J1850) Invalid Or Missing Data For Vehicle Speed
        • UXXXX - Network Communication Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC)
    • Engine Controls - Reference Values (Except Diesel & Hybrid)
      • Reference Value Symptom Chart
        • Notes
        • Symptom Chart
      • Reference Value Parameter Identification (PID)/Measured Signal Chart
      • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
        • Notes:
      • 2.0L 4V Focus
        • Notes
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
      • 2.3L 4V Fusion/Milan
        • Notes
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
      • 3.0L 4V Fusion/Milan
        • Notes
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
      • 3.5L 4V Edge/MKX
        • Notes
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
      • 3.5L 4V MKZ
        • Notes
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
      • 3.5L 4V Taurus/Taurus X/Sable
        • Notes
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
      • 4.0L Mustang
        • Notes
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
      • 4.6L 3V Mustang
        • Notes
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
      • 5.4L 4V Mustang
        • Notes
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
      • 4.6L 2V Crown Victoria/Grand Marquis
        • Notes
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
      • 4.6L 2V Town Car
        • Notes
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
      • 2.3L 4V Escape/Mariner
        • Notes
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
      • 3.0L 4V Escape/Mariner
        • Notes
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
      • 2.3L Ranger
        • Notes
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
      • 3.0L Ranger
        • Notes
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
      • 4.0L Ranger
        • Notes
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
      • 4.0L Explorer/Explorer Sport Trac/Mountaineer
        • Notes
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
      • 4.6L 3V Explorer/Explorer Sport Trac/Mountaineer
        • Notes
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
      • 4.2L F-150
        • Notes
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
      • 4.6L 2V F-150
        • Notes
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
      • 5.4L 3V F-150/Mark LT
        • Notes
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
      • 4.6L 2V E-Series
        • Notes
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
      • 5.4L 2V E-Series
        • Notes
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
      • 6.8L 2V E-Series
        • Notes
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
      • 5.4L 3V Expedition/Navigator
        • Notes
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
      • 5.4L 3V F-Super Duty
        • Notes
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
      • 6.8L 3V F-Super Duty
        • Notes
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
    • Engine Controls - Symptom Charts (Except Diesel & Hybrid)
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • PINPOINT TEST QT: Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Quick Test
          • Qt1 Carry Out The Pcm Quick Test
      • No Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) Present Symptom Chart Index
      • No Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) Present Symptom Charts
        • Chart 1
        • Chart 2
        • Chart 3
        • Chart 4
        • Chart 5
        • Chart 6
        • Chart 7
        • Chart 8
        • Chart 9
        • Chart 10
        • Chart 11
        • Chart 12
        • Chart 13
        • Chart 14
        • Chart 15
        • Chart 16
        • Chart 17
        • Chart 18
        • Chart 19
        • Chart 20
        • Chart 21
        • Chart 22
        • Chart 23
  • Testing & Diagnosis
    • Engine Controls - Description And Operation (Except Diesel & Hybrid)
      • Vehicle Emission Control Information (VECI)
        • VECI Decal
        • VECI Decal Location
        • Engine/Evaporative Emission (EVAP) System Information
      • Vehicle Certification Label
        • Base Engine Calibration Information
        • Vehicle Certification Label Location
        • Engine Calibration Code
      • Vehicle Emission Control Information (VECI) Acronym Definitions
      • Engine Control Components
        • Notes
        • Accelerator Pedal Position (APP) Sensor
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) Clutch Relay (A/CCR)
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) Cycling Switch
        • Air Conditioning Evaporator Temperature (ACET) Sensor
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) High Pressure Switch
        • Air Conditioning Pressure (ACP) Transducer Sensor
        • Brake Pedal Position (BPP) Switch
        • Brake Pedal Switch (BPS)/Brake Deactivator Switch
        • Camshaft Position (CMP) Sensor
        • Canister Vent (CV) Solenoid
        • Check Fuel Cap Indicator
        • Clutch Pedal Position (CPP) Switch
        • Coil On Plug (COP)
        • Coil Pack
        • Cooling Fan Clutch
        • Crankshaft Position (CKP) Sensor
        • Cylinder Head Temperature (CHT) Sensor
        • Differential Pressure Feedback Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Sensor
          • Notes
          • Differential Pressure Feedback Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Sensor - Tube Mounted
        • Electric Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EEGR) Valve
        • Electronic Throttle Actuator Control (TAC)
        • Electronic Throttle Body (ETB) Throttle Position Sensor
        • Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor
        • Engine Oil Temperature (EOT) Sensor
        • Evaporative Emission (EVAP) Canister Purge Valve
        • Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Orifice Tube Assembly
        • Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) System Module (ESM)
        • Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Vacuum Regulator Solenoid
        • Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Valve
        • Fan Control
        • Fan Speed Sensor (FSS)
        • Fuel Injectors
        • Fuel Level Input (FLI)
        • Fuel Pump (FP) Module
        • Fuel Pump (FP) Module and Reservoir
        • Fuel Rail Pressure Temperature (FRPT) Sensor
        • Fuel Rail Pulse Damper
        • Fuel Tank Pressure (FTP) Sensor
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S)
        • Idle Air Control (IAC) Valve
        • Inertia Fuel Shutoff (IFS) Switch
        • Intake Air Temperature (IAT) Sensor
        • Intake Manifold Tuning Valve (IMTV)
        • Knock Sensor (KS)
        • Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP) Sensor
        • Mass Air Flow (MAF) Sensor
        • Output Shaft Speed (OSS) Sensor
        • Power Steering Pressure (PSP) Sensor
        • Power Steering Pressure (PSP) Switch
        • Power Take-Off (PTO) Switch and Circuits
        • Powertrain Control Module - Vehicle Speed Output (PCM-VSO)
        • Secondary Air Injection (AIR) Bypass Solenoid
        • Secondary AIR Diverter Valve
        • Secondary AIR Pump
        • Starter Motor Request (SMR) Circuit
        • Throttle Position (TP) Sensor
        • Transmission Control Indicator Lamp (TCIL)
        • Transmission Control Switch (TCS)
        • Universal HO2S
        • Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS)
      • Electronic Engine Control (EEC) System
        • Overview
        • Modifications to OBD Vehicles
      • Powertrain Control Hardware
        • Powertrain Control Module (PCM)
        • PCM Locations
        • 140-Pin PCM - Expedition/Navigator
        • 140-Pin PCM - All Others
        • 150-Pin PCM
        • 170-Pin PCM
        • 190-Pin PCM
        • Fuel Pump Driver Module (FPDM)
        • Keep Alive Memory (KAM)
        • Integrated Electronic Ignition System
        • Power and Ground Signals
          • Electronic Throttle Control Reference Voltage (ETCREF)
          • Electronic Throttle Control Return (ETCRTN)
          • Gold Plated Pins
          • Keep Alive Power (KAPWR)
          • Mass Air Flow (MAF) Return
          • Power Ground (PWR GND)
          • Signal Return (SIG RTN)
          • Variable Reluctance Sensor Return (VRSRTN)
          • Vehicle Buffered Power (VBPWR)
          • Vehicle Power (VPWR)
          • Vehicle Reference Voltage (VREF)
      • Powertrain Control Software
        • Adaptive Airflow
        • Computer Controlled Shutdown
        • Engine RPM/Vehicle Speed Limiter
        • Fail-Safe Cooling Strategy
        • Failure Mode Effects Management (FMEM)
        • Flash Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM)
        • Fuel Trim
        • High Speed Controller Area Network (CAN)
        • Idle Air Trim
        • Idle Speed Control Closed Throttle Determination - Applications Without Electronic Throttle Control (ETC)
        • International Standards Organization (ISO) 14229 Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Descriptions
        • Multiplexing
        • Multiplexing Implementation
      • Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL)
      • Catalyst and Exhaust Systems
        • Overview
          • Notes
          • Catalytic Converter
          • Light Off Catalyst
          • Three-Way Catalyst (TWC) Conversion Efficiency
          • Exhaust System
        • Underbody Catalyst
          • Notes
          • Three-Way Catalytic (TWC) Converter
          • Exhaust Manifold Runners
          • Exhaust Pipes
          • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S)
          • Muffler
      • Evaporative Emission (EVAP) Systems
        • Overview
          • Notes
          • Enhanced Evaporative Emission (EVAP) System
      • Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Systems
        • Overview
        • Differential Pressure Feedback Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) System
        • Electric Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EEGR) System
        • Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) System Module (ESM)
      • Fuel Systems
        • Overview
        • Electronic Returnless Fuel System (ERFS)
        • Fuel Pump Control - ERFS
        • Fuel Pump Monitor (FPM) - ERFS
        • Mechanical Returnless Fuel System (MRFS)
        • Fuel Pump Control - MRFS
        • Fuel Pump Monitor (FPM) - MRFS
        • Fuel Filters
        • Pressure Test Point
      • Ignition Systems
        • Overview
        • Integrated Electronic Ignition System
        • Engine Crank/Engine Running
        • CMP FMEM
      • Intake Air Systems
        • Overview
        • Throttle Body System Overview
          • Notes
          • Features of the Throttle Body Assembly include:
        • Overview of the Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) and Intake Manifold Tuning Valve (IMTV) Systems
        • Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Electric Actuated System
        • Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Vacuum Actuated System
        • Intake Manifold Tuning Valve (IMTV) System
      • Positive Crankcase Ventilation (PCV) System
        • Overview
          • Notes
          • PCV Types
            • Heated Tubes
            • PCV Valves
        • Hardware
      • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Controlled Charging System
        • Overview
      • Secondary Air Injection (AIR) System
        • Overview
        • Secondary AIR System
      • Supercharger and Charge Air Cooler (CAC) Systems
        • Supercharger Assembly
        • Supercharger Bypass (SCB) System
        • Charge Air Cooler (CAC) System
      • (Torque Based) Electronic Throttle Control (ETC)
        • Overview
        • Electronic Throttle Body (ETB)
        • Accelerator Pedal Position (APP) Sensor
        • Electronic Throttle Control (ETC) System Strategy
        • APP and TP Sensor Inputs
        • Electronic Throttle Actuator Control (TAC) Output
      • Variable Camshaft Timing (VCT) System
        • Overview
        • Variable Camshaft Timing (VCT) System
      • On Board Diagnostics (OBD) Monitors
        • OBD-I, OBD-II and Engine Manufacturer Diagnostics (EMD) Overview
      • Catalyst Efficiency Monitor
        • Notes
        • General Catalyst Monitor Operation
      • Cold Start Emission Reduction Monitor
        • Overview
        • Cold Start Emission Reduction Component Monitor
        • Cold Start Emission Reduction System Monitor
      • Comprehensive Component Monitor (CCM)
      • Electric Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EEGR) System Monitor
      • Evaporative Emission (EVAP) Leak Check Monitor
        • Notes
        • Engine On EVAP Leak Check Monitor
        • Engine Off Natural Vacuum (EONV) EVAP Leak Check Monitor
      • Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) System Monitor - Differential Pressure Feedback EGR and EGR System Module (ESM)
      • Fuel System Monitor
      • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) Monitor
      • Misfire Detection Monitor
      • Positive Crankcase Ventilation (PCV) System Monitor
      • Secondary Air Injection (AIR) System Monitor
      • Thermostat Monitor
      • Variable Camshaft Timing (VCT) Monitor
    • Engine Controls - Diagnostic Methods (Except Diesel & Hybrid)
      • Diagnostic Methods
        • Overview
      • Diagnostic Tools
      • Scan Tool Setup and Functionality
        • Notes
        • International Standards Organization (ISO) 14229 Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Descriptions
      • Vehicle Check/Preparation
        • Notes
        • Visual Checks
        • Vehicle Preparation
      • Quick Test Description
        • Quick Test
        • Key On Engine Off (KOEO) On-Demand Self-Test
        • Key On Engine Running (KOER) On-Demand Self-Test
          • Notes
          • Brake Pedal Position (BPP) Test
          • Power Steering Pressure (PSP) Test
          • Transmission Control Switch (TCS) Test
        • Continuous Memory Self-Test
      • Clear the Continuous Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) and Reset the Emission Monitors Information in the Powertrain Control Module (PCM)
        • Description
      • Resetting The Keep Alive Memory (KAM)
        • Description
      • On-Board System Readiness (OSR) Test
        • Description
      • Output State Control (OSC)
        • Description
      • Output Test Mode (OTM)
        • Description
      • Parameter Identification (PID)
        • Description
          • Notes
          • Generic OBD PID List
          • Ford PID List
      • Freeze Frame Data
        • Description
      • Flash Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM)
        • Description
        • Programming the VID Block for a Replacement PCM
        • Making Changes to the VID Block
        • Making Changes to the PCM Calibration
      • Diagnostic Monitoring Test Results - Mode 6
      • On Board Diagnostic (OBD) Drive Cycle
        • Description of On Board Diagnostic (OBD) Drive Cycle
        • Drive Cycle Recommendations
      • Intermittent Diagnostic Techniques
        • Notes
        • Recreating the Fault
        • Accumulating PCM Data
        • Comparing PCM Data
          • Notes
          • Analyzing PCM Data
      • Adaptive Fuel Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Diagnostic Techniques
    • Engine Controls - Introduction (Except Diesel & Hybrid)
      • Introduction
        • Notes
        • Important Safety Notice
          • Notes
          • Note, Notice, Caution And Warning
        • Preface
          • Notes
          • Description and Operation
          • Diagnostic Methods
          • Symptom Charts
          • Powertrain Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Charts and Descriptions
          • Pinpoint Tests
          • Reference Values
        • How to Use the Diagnostic Procedures
        • What's New in this article
          • Notes
          • New Vehicles:
          • Deleted Vehicles:
          • Other Changes:
      • Acronyms and Definitions
    • Engine Controls - Powertrain DTC Charts And Descriptions (Except Diesel & Hybrid)
      • Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Charts And Descriptions
        • Notes
        • DTC List
      • DTC Diagnosis
        • Notes
        • P0010 - Intake Camshaft Position Actuator Circuit/Open (Bank 1)
        • P0011 - Intake Camshaft Position Timing - Over-Advanced (Bank 1)
        • P0012 - Intake Camshaft Position Timing - Over-Retarded (Bank 1)
        • P0016 - Crankshaft Position - Camshaft Position Correlation - Bank 1 Sensor A
        • P0018 - Crankshaft Position - Camshaft Position Correlation - Bank 2 Sensor A
        • P0020 - Intake Camshaft Position Actuator Circuit/Open (Bank 2)
        • P0021 - Intake Camshaft Position Timing - Over-Advanced (Bank 2)
        • P0022 - Intake Camshaft Position Timing - Over-Retarded (Bank 2)
        • P0030 - Ho2S Heater Control Circuit (Bank 1, Sensor 1)
        • P0040 - Oxygen Sensor Signals Swapped Bank 1 Sensor 1/Bank 2 Sensor 1
        • P0041 - Oxygen Sensor Signals Swapped Bank 1 Sensor 2/Bank 2 Sensor 2
        • P0050 - Ho2S Heater Control Circuit (Bank 2, Sensor 1)
        • P0053 - Ho2S Heater Resistance (Bank 1, Sensor 1)
        • P0054 - Ho2S Heater Resistance (Bank 1, Sensor 2)
        • P0055 - Ho2S Heater Resistance (Bank 1, Sensor 3)
        • P0059 - Ho2S Heater Resistance (Bank 2, Sensor 1)
        • P0060 - Ho2S Heater Resistance (Bank 2, Sensor 2)
        • P0068 - Manifold Absolute Pressure (Map)/Mass Air Flow (MAF) - Throttle Position Correlation
        • P0097 - Intake Air Temperature Sensor 2 Circuit Low
        • P0098 - Intake Air Temperature Sensor 2 Circuit High
        • P00BA - Low Fuel Pressure Forced Limited Power
        • P0102 - Mass Or Volume Air Flow A Circuit Low
        • P0103 - Mass Or Volume Air Flow A Circuit High
        • P0104 - Mass Or Volume Air Flow A Circuit Intermittent/Erratic
        • P0106 - Manifold Absolute Pressure (Map/BARO) Sensor Range/Performance
        • P0107 - Manifold Absolute Pressure (Map)/Barometric Pressure (BARO) Sensor Low
        • P0108 - Manifold Absolute Pressure (Map)/Barometric Pressure (BARO) Sensor High
        • P0109 - Manifold Absolute Pressure (Map)/Barometric Pressure (BARO) Sensor Intermittent
        • P0111 - Intake Air Temperature (IAT) Sensor 1 Circuit Range/Performance
        • P0112 - Intake Air Temperature (IAT) Sensor 1 Circuit Low
        • P0113 - Intake Air Temperature (IAT) Sensor 1 Circuit High
        • P0114 - Intake Air Temperature (IAT) Sensor 1 Intermittent/Erratic
        • P0116 - Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor 1 Circuit Range/Performance
        • P0117 - Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor 1 Circuit Low
        • P0118 - Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor 1 Circuit High
        • P0119 - Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor 1 Circuit Intermittent/Erratic
        • P0121 - Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor A Circuit Range/Performance
        • P0122 - Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor A Circuit Low
        • P0123 - Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor A Circuit High
        • P0125 - Insufficient Coolant Temperature For Closed Loop Fuel Control
        • P0127 - Intake Air Temperature (IAT) Too High
        • P0128 - Coolant Thermostat (Coolant Temperature Below Thermostat Regulating Temperature)
        • P012B - Turbocharger/Supercharger Inlet Pressure Sensor Circuit Range/Performance
        • P012C - Turbocharger/Supercharger Inlet Pressure Sensor Circuit Low
        • P012D - Turbocharger/Supercharger Inlet Pressure Sensor Circuit High
        • P012E - Turbocharger/Supercharger Inlet Pressure Sensor Circuit Intermittent/Erratic
        • P0130 - O2 Circuit (Bank 1, Sensor 1)
        • P0132 - O2 Circuit High Voltage (Bank 1, Sensor 1)
        • P0133 - O2 Circuit Slow Response (Bank 1, Sensor 1)
        • P0134 - O2 Circuit No Activity Detected (Bank 1, Sensor 1)
        • P0135 - O2 Heater Circuit (Bank 1, Sensor 1)
        • P0138 - O2 Circuit High Voltage (Bank 1, Sensor 2)
        • P0139 - O2 Circuit Slow Response (Bank 1, Sensor 2)
        • P0141 - O2 Heater Circuit (Bank 1, Sensor 2)
        • P0144 - O2 Circuit High Voltage (Bank 1, Sensor 3)
        • P0147 - O2 Heater Circuit (Bank 1, Sensor 3)
        • P0148 - Fuel Delivery Error
        • P0150 - O2 Circuit (Bank 2, Sensor 1)
        • P0152 - O2 Circuit High Voltage (Bank 2, Sensor 1)
        • P0153 - O2 Circuit Slow Response (Bank 2, Sensor 1)
        • P0154 - O2 Circuit No Activity Detected (Bank 2, Sensor 1)
        • P0155 - O2 Heater Circuit (Bank 2, Sensor 1)
        • P0158 - O2 Circuit High Voltage (Bank 2, Sensor 2)
        • P0159 - O2 Circuit Slow Response (Bank 2, Sensor 2)
        • P0161 - O2 Heater Circuit (Bank 2, Sensor 2)
        • P0171 - System Too Lean (Bank 1)
        • P0172 - System Too Rich (Bank 1)
        • P0174 - System Too Lean (Bank 2)
        • P0175 - System Too Rich (Bank 2)
        • P0180 - Fuel Temperature Sensor A Circuit
        • P0181 - Fuel Temperature Sensor A Circuit Range/Performance
        • P0182 - Fuel Temperature Sensor A Circuit Low
        • P0183 - Fuel Temperature Sensor A Circuit High
        • P0190 - Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor A Circuit
        • P0191 - Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor A Circuit Range/Performance
        • P0192 - Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor A Circuit Low
        • P0193 - Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor A Circuit High
        • P0196 - Engine Oil Temperature (EOT) Sensor Circuit Range/Performance
        • P0197 - Engine Oil Temperature (EOT) Sensor Circuit Low
        • P0198 - Engine Oil Temperature (EOT) Sensor Circuit High
        • P0201 - P0209 Injector Circuit/Open - Cylinder X
        • P0210 - Injector Circuit/Open - Cylinder 10
        • P0217 - Engine Coolant Over-Temperature Condition
        • P0218 - Transmission Fluid Temperature Over-Temperature Condition
        • P0219 - Engine Over Speed Condition
        • P0221 - Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch B Circuit Range/Performance
        • P0222 - Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch B Circuit Low
        • P0223 - Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch B Circuit High
        • P0230 - Fuel Pump Primary Circuit
        • P0231 - Fuel Pump Secondary Circuit Low
        • P0232 - Fuel Pump Secondary Circuit High
        • P0297 - Vehicle Over Speed Condition
        • P0298 - Engine Oil Over Temperature Condition
        • P0300 - Random Misfire Detected
        • P0301 - P0309 - Cylinder X Misfire Detected
        • P0310 - Cylinder 10 Misfire Detected
        • P0315 - Crankshaft Position System Variation Not Learned.
        • P0316 - Misfire Detected On Startup (First 1000 Revolutions)
        • P0320 - Ignition/Distributor Engine Speed Input Circuit
        • P0325 - Knock Sensor 1 Circuit (Bank 1)
        • P0326 - Knock Sensor 1 Circuit Range/Performance (Bank 1)
        • P0330 - Knock Sensor 2 Circuit (Bank 2)
        • P0331 - Knock Sensor 2 Circuit Range/Performance (Bank 2)
        • P0340 - Camshaft Position Sensor A Circuit (Bank 1 Or Single Sensor)
        • P0344 - Camshaft Position Sensor A Circuit Intermittent (Bank 1 Or Single Sensor)
        • P0345 - Camshaft Position Sensor A Circuit (Bank 2)
        • P0349 - Camshaft Position Sensor A Circuit Intermittent (Bank 2)
        • P0350 - Ignition Coil Primary/Secondary Circuit
        • P0351 - Ignition Coil A Primary/Secondary Circuit
        • P0352 - Ignition Coil B Primary/Secondary Circuit
        • P0353 - Ignition Coil C Primary/Secondary Circuit
        • P0354 - Ignition Coil D Primary/Secondary Circuit
        • P0355 - Ignition Coil E Primary/Secondary Circuit
        • P0356 - Ignition Coil F Primary/Secondary Circuit
        • P0357 - Ignition Coil G Primary/Secondary Circuit
        • P0358 - Ignition Coil H Primary/Secondary Circuit
        • P0359 - Ignition Coil I Primary/Secondary Circuit
        • P0360 - Ignition Coil J Primary/Secondary Circuit
        • P0400 - Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION (EGR) Flow
        • P0401 - Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION (EGR) Flow Insufficient Detected
        • P0402 - Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION (EGR) Flow Excessive Detected
        • P0403 - Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION (EGR) Control Circuit
        • P0405 - Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION (EGR) Sensor A Circuit Low
        • P0406 - Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION (EGR) Sensor A Circuit High
        • P0410 - Secondary Air Injection (Air) System
        • P0412 - Secondary Air Injection (Air) System - Switching Valve A Circuit
        • P0420 - Catalyst System Efficiency Below Threshold (Bank 1)
        • P0430 - Catalyst System Efficiency Below Threshold (Bank 2)
        • P0442 - Evaporative Emission System Leak Detected (Small Leak)
        • P0443 - Evaporative Emission System Purge Control Valve Circuit
        • P0446 - Evaporative Emission System Vent Control Circuit
        • P0451 - Evaporative Emission System Pressure Sensor/Switch Range/Performance
        • P0452 - Evaporative Emission System Pressure Sensor/Switch Low
        • P0453 - Evaporative Emission System Pressure Sensor/Switch High
        • P0454 - Evaporative Emission System Pressure Sensor/Switch Intermittent
        • P0455 - Evaporative Emission System Leak Detected (Gross Leak/No Flow)
        • P0456 - Evaporative Emission System Leak Detected (Very Small Leak)
        • P0457 - Evaporative Emission System Leak Detected (Fuel Cap Loose/Off)
        • P0460 - Fuel Level Sensor A Circuit
        • P0461 - Fuel Level Sensor A Circuit Range/Performance
        • P0462 - Fuel Level Sensor A Circuit Low
        • P0463 - Fuel Level Sensor A Circuit High
        • P0480 - Fan 1 Control Circuit
        • P0481 - Fan 2 Control Circuit
        • P0482 - Fan 3 Control Circuit
        • P0483 - Fan Performance
        • P0491 - Secondary Air Injection (Air) System Insufficient Flow (Bank 1)
        • P0500 - Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS) A
        • P0503 - Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS) A Intermittent/Erratic/High
        • P0504 - Brake Switch Correlation
        • P0505 - Idle Air Control (IAC) System
        • P0506 - Idle Air Control (IAC) System Rpm Lower Than Expected
        • P0507 - Idle Air Control (IAC) System Rpm Higher Than Expected
        • P050A - Cold Start Idle Air Control Performance
        • P050B - Cold Start Ignition Timing Performance
        • P050E - Cold Start Engine Exhaust Temperature Out Of Range
        • P0511 - Idle Air Control (IAC) Circuit
        • P0512 - Starter Request Circuit
        • P0528 - Fan Speed Sensor Circuit No Signal
        • P052A - Cold Start Camshaft Position Timing Over-Advanced (Bank 1)
        • P052B - Cold Start Camshaft Position Timing Over-Retarded (Bank 1)
        • P052C - Cold Start Camshaft Position Timing Over-Advanced (Bank 2)
        • P052D - Cold Start Camshaft Position Timing Over-Retarded (Bank 2)
        • P0532 - A/C Pressure Refrigerant Sensor A Circuit Low
        • P0533 - A/C Refrigerant Pressure Sensor A Circuit High
        • P0534 - A/C Refrigerant Charge Loss
        • P0537 - A/C Evaporator Temperature Sensor Circuit Low
        • P0538 - A/C Evaporator Temperature Sensor Circuit High
        • P053A - Positive Crankcase Ventilation (PCV) Heater Control Circuit / Open
        • P0552 - Power Steering Pressure (PSP) Sensor/Switch Circuit Low
        • P0553 - Power Steering Pressure (PSP) Sensor Circuit High Input
        • P0563 - System Voltage High
        • P0571 - Brake Switch A Circuit
        • P0572 - Brake Switch A Circuit Low
        • P0573 - Brake Switch A Circuit High
        • P0579 - Cruise Control MULTIFUNCTION Input A Circuit Range / Performance
        • P0581 - Cruise Control MULTIFUNCTION Input A Circuit High
        • P0600 - Serial Communication Link
        • P0602 - Powertrain Control Module (Pcm) Programming Error
        • P0603 - Internal Control Module Keep Alive Memory (KAM) Error
        • P0604 - Internal Control Module Random Access Memory (Ram) Error
        • P0605 - Internal Control Module Read Only Memory (ROM) Error
        • P0606 - Control Module Processor
        • P0607 - Control Module Performance
        • P060A - Internal Control Module Monitoring Processor Performance
        • P060B - Internal Control Module A/D Processing Performance
        • P060C - Internal Control Module Main Processor Performance
        • P060D - Internal Control Module Accelerator Pedal Position Performance
        • P0610 - Control Module Vehicle Options Error
        • P061B - Internal Control Module Torque Calculation Performance
        • P061C - Internal Control Module Engine Rpm Performance
        • P061D - Internal Control Module Engine Air Mass Performance
        • P061F - Internal Control Module Throttle Actuator Controller Performance
        • P0620 - Generator Control Circuit
        • P0622 - Generator Field Terminal Circuit
        • P0625 - Generator Field Terminal Circuit Low
        • P0626 - Generator Field Terminal Circuit High
        • P062C - Internal Control Module Vehicle Speed Performance
        • P0642 - Sensor Reference Voltage A Circuit Low
        • P0643 - Sensor Reference Voltage A Circuit High
        • P0645 - Air Conditioning Clutch Relay (A/CCR) Control Circuit
        • P064D - Internal Control Module O2 Sensor Processor Performance - Bank 1
        • P064E - Internal Control Module O2 Sensor Processor Performance - Bank 2
        • P0657 - Actuator Supply Voltage A Circuit/Open
        • P065B - Generator Control Circuit Range/Performance
        • P0660 - Intake Manifold Tuning Valve (IMTV) Control Circuit Open - Bank 1
        • P0663 - Intake Manifold Tuning Valve (IMTV) Control Circuit Open - Bank 2
        • P0685 - Electronic Control Module (ECM)/Powertrain Control Module (Pcm) Power Relay Control Circuit/Open
        • P0689 - Electronic Control Module (ECM)/Powertrain Control Module (Pcm) Power Relay Sense Circuit Low
        • P0690 - Electronic Control Module (ECM)/Powertrain Control Module (Pcm) Power Relay Sense Circuit High
        • P0703 - Brake Switch B Input Circuit
        • P0704 - Clutch Switch Input Circuit
        • P0705 - Transmission Range Sensor A Circuit (PRNDL) Input
        • P0707 - Transmission Range Sensor A Circuit Low
        • P0708 - Transmission Range Sensor A Circuit High
        • P071X - Transmission Code
        • P0720 - Output Shaft Speed (OSS) Sensor Circuit
        • P0721 - Output Shaft Speed (OSS) Sensor Circuit Range/Performance
        • P0722 - Output Shaft Speed (OSS) Sensor Circuit No Signal
        • P0723 - Output Shaft Speed (OSS) Sensor Circuit Intermittent
        • P073X - Transmission Code
        • P074X - Transmission Code
        • P075X - Transmission Code
        • P076X - Transmission Code
        • P077X - Transmission Code
        • P078X - Transmission Code
        • P079X - Transmission Code
        • P0815 - Upshift Switch Circuit
        • P0830 - Clutch Pedal Switch A Circuit
        • P0833 - Clutch Pedal Switch B Circuit
        • P0840 - Transmission Fluid Pressure Sensor/Switch A Circuit
        • P09XX - Transmission Code
        • P1000 - On-Board Diagnostic (OBD) Systems Readiness Test Not Complete
        • P1001 - Key On Engine Running (KOER) Not Able To Complete, KOER Aborted
        • P1100 - Mass Air Flow (MAF) Sensor Circuit Intermittent
        • P1101 - Mass Air Flow (MAF) Sensor Out Of Self-Test Range
        • P1112 - Intake Air Temperature (IAT) Circuit Intermittent
        • P1114 - Intake Air Temperature 2 (IAT2) Circuit Low (Supercharged/Turbocharged Engines)
        • P1115 - Intake Air Temperature 2 (IAT2) Circuit High (Supercharged/Turbocharged Engines)
        • P1116 - Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor Out Of Self-Test Range
        • P1117 - Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor Circuit Intermittent
        • P1120 - Throttle Position Sensor A Out Of Range Low (RATCH Too Low)
        • P1124 - Throttle Position Sensor A Out Of Self-Test Range
        • P1127 - Exhaust Temperature Out Of Range, O2 Sensor Tests Not Completed
        • P115E - Throttle Actuator Control (TAC) Throttle Body Air Flow Trim At Max Limit
        • P117A - Engine Oil Over Temperature - Forced Limited Power
        • P1184 - Engine Oil Temperature (EOT) Sensor Out Of Self-Test Range
        • P1227 - WASTEGATE Failed Closed (Over Pressure)
        • P1228 - WASTEGATE Failed Open (Under Pressure)
        • P1229 - Charge Air Cooler (CAC) Pump Driver
        • P1233 - Fuel Pump Driver Module Disabled Or Off Line
        • P1234 - Fuel Pump Driver Module Disabled Or Off Line
        • P1235 - Fuel Pump Control Out Of Range
        • P1236 - Fuel Pump Control Out Of Range
        • P1237 - Fuel Pump Secondary Circuit
        • P1238 - Fuel Pump Secondary Circuit
        • P1244 - Alternator Load High Input
        • P1245 - Alternator Load Low Input
        • P1246 - Alternator Load Input
        • P1260 - Theft Detected, Vehicle Immobilized
        • P1270 - Engine Rpm Or Vehicle Speed Limiter Reached
        • P1285 - Cylinder Head Over Temperature Condition
        • P1288 - Cylinder Head Temperature (CHT) Sensor Out Of Self-Test Range
        • P1289 - Cylinder Head Temperature (CHT) Sensor Circuit High
        • P128A - Cylinder Head Temperature (CHT) Sensor Circuit Intermittent/Erratic
        • P1290 - Cylinder Head Temperature (CHT) Sensor Circuit Low
        • P1299 - Cylinder Head Over Temperature Protection Active
        • P1336 - Crankshaft/Camshaft Sensor Range/Performance
        • P1397 - System Voltage Out Of Self -Test Range
        • P1405 - Differential Pressure Feedback Sensor Upstream Hose Off Or Plugged
        • P1406 - Differential Pressure Feedback Sensor Downstream Hose Off Or Plugged
        • P1408 - Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION (EGR) Flow Out Of Self-Test Range (Non-Mil)
        • P1409 - Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION (EGR) Vacuum Regulator Solenoid Circuit
        • P1436 - A/C Evaporator Air Temperature Circuit Low
        • P1437 - A/C Evaporator Air Temperature Circuit High
        • P144A - Evaporative Emission System Purge Vapor Line Restricted/Blocked
        • P1450 - Unable To Bleed Up Fuel Tank Vacuum
        • P1451 - Evaporative Emission System Vent Control Circuit
        • P145E - PCV Heater Control B Circuit
        • P1460 - Wide Open Throttle A/C Cutout Circuit
        • P1461 - A/C Pressure Sensor Circuit High
        • P1462 - Air Conditioning Pressure (A/Cp) Sensor Low Voltage Detected
        • P1463 - Air Conditioning Pressure Sensor (A/Cp) Insufficient Pressure Change
        • P1464 - A/C Demand Out Of Self-Test Range
        • P1469 - Rapid A/C Cycling
        • P1474 - Fan Control Primary Circuit
        • P1477 - Additional Fan Relay Circuit
        • P1479 - High Fan Control Primary Circuit
        • P1489 - PCV Heater Control Circuit
        • P1500 - Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS)
        • P1501 - Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS) Out Of Self-Test Range
        • P1502 - Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS) Intermittent
        • P1504 - Idle Air Control (IAC) Circuit
        • P1506 - Idle Air Control (IAC) OVERSPEED Error
        • P1507 - Idle Air Control (IAC) Under Speed Error
        • P1512 - Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Stuck Closed (Bank 1)
        • P1513 - Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Stuck Closed (Bank 2)
        • P1516 - Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Input Error (Bank 1)
        • P1517 - Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Input Error (Bank 2)
        • P1518 - Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Stuck Open Bank 1
        • P1519 - Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Stuck Closed Bank 1
        • P151A - Intake Manifold Runner Controller Performance
        • P1520 - Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Circuit
        • P1537 - Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Stuck Open (Bank 1)
        • P1538 - Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Stuck Open (Bank 2)
        • P1548 - Engine Air Filter Restriction
        • P1549 - Intake Manifold Communication Control (IMCC) Circuit (Bank 1)
        • P1550 - Power Steering Pressure (PSP) Sensor Out Of Self-Test Range
        • P1572 - Brake Pedal Switch Circuit
        • P1575 - Pedal Position Out Of Self Test Range
        • P1633 - Keep Alive Power (KAPWR) Voltage Too Low
        • P1635 - Tire/Axle Ratio Out Of Acceptable Range
        • P1636 - Inductive Signature Chip Communication Error
        • P1639 - Vehicle Id (VID) Block Corrupted, Not Programmed
        • P1640 - Powertrain DTCS Available In Another Module
        • P1641 - Fuel Pump Primary Circuit
        • P1646 - Linear O2 Sensor Control Chip (Bank 1)
        • P1647 - Linear O2 Sensor Control Chip (Bank 2)
        • P1650 - Power Steering Pressure (PSP) Switch Out Of Self-Test Range
        • P1651 - Power Steering Pressure (PSP) Switch Input
        • P1674 - Control Module Software Corrupted
        • P1703 - Brake Switch Out Of Self-Test Range
        • P1705 - Transmission Range Sensor Out Of Self-Test Range
        • P1709 - Park/Neutral Position (PNP) Switch Out Of Self-Test Range
        • P1729 - 4X4L Switch
        • P1780 - Transmission Control Switch (TCS) Out Of Self-Test Range
        • P1781 - 4X4L Switch Out Of Self-Test Range
        • P17XX -
        • P18XX -
        • P1900 - Output Shaft Speed (OSS) Sensor Circuit Intermittent
        • P1901 - Turbine Shaft Speed (TSS) Sensor Circuit Intermittent
        • P2004 - Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Stuck Open (Bank 1)
        • P2005 - Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Stuck Open (Bank 2)
        • P2006 - Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Stuck Closed (Bank 1)
        • P2007 - Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Stuck Closed (Bank 2)
        • P2008 - Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Circuit Open (Bank 1)
        • P2014 - Intake Manifold Runner Position Sensor/Switch Circuit (Bank 1)
        • P2015 - Intake Manifold Runner Position Sensor/Switch Circuit Range/Performance (Bank 1)
        • P2019 - Intake Manifold Runner Position Sensor/Switch Circuit (Bank 2)
        • P2020 - Intake Manifold Runner Position Sensor/Switch Circuit Range/Performance (Bank 2)
        • P2065 - Fuel Level Sensor B Circuit
        • P2066 - Fuel Level Sensor B Circuit Range/Performance
        • P2067 - Fuel Level Sensor B Circuit Low
        • P2068 - Fuel Level Sensor B Circuit High
        • P2070 - Intake Manifold Tuning Valve (IMTV) Stuck Open Bank 1
        • P2071 - Intake Manifold Tuning Valve (IMTV) Stuck Closed Bank 1
        • P2072 - Throttle Actuator Control (TAC) System - Ice Breakage
        • P2096 - Post Catalyst Fuel Trim System Too Lean Bank 1
        • P2097 - Post Catalyst Fuel Trim System Too Rich Bank 1
        • P2098 - Post Catalyst Fuel Trim System Too Lean Bank 2
        • P2099 - Post Catalyst Fuel Trim System Too Rich Bank 2
        • P2100 - Throttle Actuator Control (TAC) Motor Circuit/Open
        • P2101 - Throttle Actuator Control (TAC) Motor Range/Performance
        • P2104 - Throttle Actuator Control (TAC) System - Forced Idle
        • P2105 - Throttle Actuator Control (TAC) System - Forced Engine Shutdown
        • P2107 - Throttle Actuator Control (TAC) Module Processor
        • P2110 - Throttle Actuator Control (TAC) System - Forced Limited Rpm
        • P2111 - Throttle Actuator Control (TAC) System - Stuck Open
        • P2112 - Throttle Actuator Control (TAC) System - Stuck Closed
        • P2119 - Throttle Actuator A Control Throttle Body Range/Performance
        • P2121 - Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch D Circuit Range/Performance
        • P2122 - Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch D Circuit Low
        • P2123 - Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch D Circuit High
        • P2126 - Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch E Circuit Range/Performance
        • P2127 - Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch E Circuit Low
        • P2128 - Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch E Circuit High
        • P2131 - Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch F Circuit Range/Performance
        • P2132 - Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch F Circuit Low
        • P2133 - Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch F Circuit High
        • P2135 - Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch A/B Voltage Correlation
        • P2138 - Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch D/E Voltage Correlation
        • P2195 - O2 Sensor Signal Biased/Stuck Lean - Bank 1, Sensor 1
        • P2196 - O2 Sensor Signal Biased/Stuck Rich - Bank 1, Sensor 1
        • P2197 - O2 Sensor Signal Biased/Stuck Lean - Bank 2, Sensor 1
        • P2198 - O2 Sensor Signal Biased/Stuck Rich - Bank 2, Sensor 1
        • P2257 - Secondary Air Injection (Air) System Control A Circuit Low
        • P2258 - Secondary Air Injection (Air) System Control A Circuit High
        • P2270 - O2 Sensor Signal Stuck Lean - Bank 1, Sensor 2
        • P2271 - O2 Sensor Signal Stuck Rich - Bank 1, Sensor 2
        • P2272 - O2 Sensor Signal Stuck Lean - Bank 2, Sensor 2
        • P2273 - O2 Sensor Signal Stuck Rich - Bank 2, Sensor 2
        • P2274 - O2 Sensor Signal Stuck Lean - Bank 1, Sensor 3
        • P2275 - O2 Sensor Signal Stuck Rich - Bank 1, Sensor 3
        • P2448 - Secondary Air Injection System High Airflow (Bank 1)
        • P260F - Evaporative System Monitoring Processor Performance
        • PXXXX -
        • U0101 - Lost Communication With Transaxle Control Module (TCM)
        • U0121 - Lost Communication With The Antilock Braking System (Abs) Control Module
        • U0155 - Lost Communication With Instrument Panel Cluster Control Module
        • U0300 - Internal Control Module Software Incompatibility
        • U1039 - SCP (J1850) Invalid Or Missing Data For Vehicle Speed
        • UXXXX - Network Communication Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC)
    • Engine Controls - Reference Values (Except Diesel & Hybrid)
      • Reference Value Symptom Chart
        • Notes
        • Symptom Chart
      • Reference Value Parameter Identification (PID)/Measured Signal Chart
      • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
        • Notes:
      • 2.0L 4V Focus
        • Notes
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
      • 2.3L 4V Fusion/Milan
        • Notes
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
      • 3.0L 4V Fusion/Milan
        • Notes
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
      • 3.5L 4V Edge/MKX
        • Notes
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
      • 3.5L 4V MKZ
        • Notes
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
      • 3.5L 4V Taurus/Taurus X/Sable
        • Notes
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
      • 4.0L Mustang
        • Notes
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
      • 4.6L 3V Mustang
        • Notes
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
      • 5.4L 4V Mustang
        • Notes
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
      • 4.6L 2V Crown Victoria/Grand Marquis
        • Notes
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
      • 4.6L 2V Town Car
        • Notes
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
      • 2.3L 4V Escape/Mariner
        • Notes
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
      • 3.0L 4V Escape/Mariner
        • Notes
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
      • 2.3L Ranger
        • Notes
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
      • 3.0L Ranger
        • Notes
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
      • 4.0L Ranger
        • Notes
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
      • 4.0L Explorer/Explorer Sport Trac/Mountaineer
        • Notes
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
      • 4.6L 3V Explorer/Explorer Sport Trac/Mountaineer
        • Notes
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
      • 4.2L F-150
        • Notes
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
      • 4.6L 2V F-150
        • Notes
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
      • 5.4L 3V F-150/Mark LT
        • Notes
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
      • 4.6L 2V E-Series
        • Notes
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
      • 5.4L 2V E-Series
        • Notes
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
      • 6.8L 2V E-Series
        • Notes
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
      • 5.4L 3V Expedition/Navigator
        • Notes
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
      • 5.4L 3V F-Super Duty
        • Notes
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
      • 6.8L 3V F-Super Duty
        • Notes
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
    • Engine Controls - Symptom Charts (Except Diesel & Hybrid)
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • PINPOINT TEST QT: Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Quick Test
          • Qt1 Carry Out The Pcm Quick Test
      • No Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) Present Symptom Chart Index
      • No Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) Present Symptom Charts
        • Chart 1
        • Chart 2
        • Chart 3
        • Chart 4
        • Chart 5
        • Chart 6
        • Chart 7
        • Chart 8
        • Chart 9
        • Chart 10
        • Chart 11
        • Chart 12
        • Chart 13
        • Chart 14
        • Chart 15
        • Chart 16
        • Chart 17
        • Chart 18
        • Chart 19
        • Chart 20
        • Chart 21
        • Chart 22
        • Chart 23
  • Tune-Up
    • Engine Ignition System - 2.3L
      • Specifications
        • Material Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Engine Ignition
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Engine Ignition
      • Removal And Installation
        • Engine Ignition Components - Exploded View
        • Ignition Coil
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Spark Plug Wires
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Spark Plugs
          • Removal And Installation
• General Information
  • Abbreviations
    • Commonly Used Abbreviations - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • "A"
      • "B"
      • "C"
      • "D"
      • "E"
      • "F"
      • "G"
      • "H"
      • "I"
      • "J"
      • "K"
      • "L"
      • "M"
      • "N"
      • "O"
      • "P"
      • "Q"
      • "R"
      • "S"
      • "T"
      • "V"
      • "W"
    • Emission Control Abbreviations
      • "A"
      • "B"
      • "C"
      • "D"
      • "E"
      • "F"
      • "G"
      • "H"
      • "I"
      • "K"
      • "L"
      • "M"
      • "N"
      • "O"
      • "P"
      • "R"
      • "S"
      • "T"
      • "V"
      • "W"
  • Basic Trouble Shooting
    • Basic Trouble Shooting - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Accessories & Electrical
        • Charging System Trouble Shooting
        • Ignition System Trouble Shooting
        • Starter Trouble Shooting
      • Air Conditioning & Heat
        • Air Conditioning Trouble Shooting
        • Heater System Trouble Shooting
      • Brakes
        • Brake System Trouble Shooting
      • Engine Mechanical
        • Cooling System Trouble Shooting
        • Gasoline Engine - Mechanical Trouble Shooting
      • Engine Performance
        • Carburetor Trouble Shooting:
        • Diesel Engine Trouble Shooting
        • Fuel Injection Trouble Shooting
        • Ignition System Trouble Shooting
        • Starter Trouble Shooting
        • Tune-Up Trouble Shooting - Gas Engine Vehicles
        • Vacuum Pump - Diesel Trouble Shooting
      • Manual Transmission
        • Manual Transmission Trouble Shooting
      • Powertrain
        • Clutch Trouble Shooting
        • Drive Axle - Noise Diagnosis
          • Unrelated Noises
          • Non-Drive Axle Noises
          • Gear Noise
          • Chuckle
          • Knock
          • Clunk
          • Bearing Whine
          • Bearing Rumble
          • Chatter On Turns
          • Axle Shaft Noise
          • Vibration
        • Drive Axle - RWD Trouble Shooting
        • Fwd Axle Shafts & CV Joints Trouble Shooting
      • Steering & Suspension
        • Manual Steering Gear Trouble Shooting
        • Power Steering Trouble Shooting
        • Steering Column Trouble Shooting
        • Suspension Trouble Shooting
        • Wheel Alignment Trouble Shooting
    • Commonly Used Abbreviations - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • "A"
      • "B"
      • "C"
      • "D"
      • "E"
      • "F"
      • "G"
      • "H"
      • "I"
      • "J"
      • "K"
      • "L"
      • "M"
      • "N"
      • "O"
      • "P"
      • "Q"
      • "R"
      • "S"
      • "T"
      • "V"
      • "W"
    • Emission Control Abbreviations
      • "A"
      • "B"
      • "C"
      • "D"
      • "E"
      • "F"
      • "G"
      • "H"
      • "I"
      • "K"
      • "L"
      • "M"
      • "N"
      • "O"
      • "P"
      • "R"
      • "S"
      • "T"
      • "V"
      • "W"
    • Engine Performance - Trouble Shooting - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Engine Performance
  • Brakes
    • Anti-Lock Brake Safety Precautions - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Anti-Lock Brake Safety Precautions
    • Map - Brake Systems
      • Brake Systems
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
        • Accelerometers
        • Accumulators
        • Anchor Pins
        • Anti-Lock Brake Control Assembly(Module)
        • Anti-Lock Brake Controller
        • Anti-Lock Brake Systems
        • Axle Seal
        • Backing Plates
        • Bleeder Screw
        • Brake Abs Active Light (Blue)
        • Brake Fluid
        • Brake Friction Material
        • Brake On - Off Switch
        • Brake Pads
        • Brake Pedals
        • Brake Shoe Hardware
        • Brake Shoes
        • Brake Stoplight Switches
        • Brake Warning Light (Amber)
        • Brake Warning Light (Red)
        • Bulb Sockets
        • Bulbs And LEDS
        • Caliper Hardware
        • Caliper Mounting Pin
        • Caliper Piston
        • Caliper Shim
        • Caliper Slider Pin (Bolt) Dust Boot
        • Caliper Slider Pin (Bolt)
        • Calipers
        • Combination Valve
        • Controllers
        • Digital Ratio Axle Controllers And Buffers (Drab And Dram)
        • Disable Switches
        • Drums
        • Electrical Brake Pumps
        • Electrical Park Motor
        • Electrical Pumps And Motors
        • Electro-Magnetic Interference
        • Electronic Brake Control Modulator
        • Electronic Brake Distribution
        • Electronic Brake Traction Control Module
        • Electronic Controllers
        • Electronic Traction Control
        • External Brake Cable
        • Flow Control Valve
        • Fluid Level Sensor Switches
        • Fluid
        • Four Wheel Drive Switches
        • Friction Material
        • G Sensors
        • Gaskets
        • Gravitational Switches
        • Grease Seal
        • Height Sensing Proportioning Valve
        • High Pressure Accumulator
        • Hoses
        • Hub
        • Hydraulic Control Unit
        • Hydraulic Modulators
        • Hydro-Boosters
        • Hydro-Electric Boosters (POWERMASTER)
        • Ignition Disable Switches
        • Lamp Driver Relay
        • Lateral Acceleration Switches
        • LEDS
        • Lenses
        • Low Pressure Accumulator
        • Lug Nut
        • Master Cylinder Cover Gasket
        • Master Cylinders
        • Modulators
        • Motor Pack
        • Motors
        • Pads
        • Parking Brake Cable
        • Parking Brake Mechanism
        • Parking Brake Shoes
        • Parking Brake Switches
        • Parking Brake Systems
        • Pedal Travel Switches
        • Pedals
        • Power Distribution Center
        • POWERMASTER
        • Pressure Differential Switches
        • Pressure Switches
        • Pressure Transducers
        • Proportioning Valve
        • Pumps
        • Relays
        • RELUCTOR (Speed) Ring
        • Rotors
        • Self-Adjusting Systems
        • Shoe Hardware
        • Shoes
        • Sockets
        • Speed Sensor (RELUCTOR) Ring
        • Speed Sensors (Electronic Wheel And Vehicle)
        • Star Wheel
        • Steel Brake Lines
        • Stoplight Switches
        • Stroke Sensor
        • Switches
        • Tires
        • Tone Ring
        • Toothed Rings (Tone Wheel)
        • Traction Control System (TCS)
        • Transfer Tubes
        • Vacuum Boosters
        • Vacuum Hoses
        • Valves
        • Wear Indicator
        • Wheel Attachment Hardware
        • Wheel Bearings, Races And Seals
        • Wheel Cylinders
        • Wiring Harnesses
        • Yaw Rate Sensor
      • Brake System CHECKSHEET
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
    • Map - Routine Inspection Reference Guide
      • Routine Inspection Reference Guide
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
        • Maintenance Overview
          • Antifreeze/Coolant
          • Visual Inspection
          • Radiator Cap Test
          • Engine Fan
          • Cooling System Power Flush And Refill
          • Belts (Except Timing Belts)
          • Belt TENSIONER
          • Automatic Transmission Fluid
          • Automatic Transmission Fluid Exchange & Filter Replacement
          • Engine Oil
          • Air Filters
          • Cabin Air Filter
          • Brake Fluid
          • Battery
          • Battery Cables
          • Power Steering
          • Power Steering Fluid
          • Wiper Blades
        • Routine Inspection CHECKSHEET
        • Routine Inspection - UICS
          • Brake Systems
            • Notes
            • Brake Fluid
            • Bulbs And LEDS
            • Hoses
            • Lenses
            • Lug Nut
            • Master Cylinder Cover Gasket
            • Parking Brake Cable
            • Vacuum Hoses
            • Wheel Attachment Hardware
            • Wheel Bearings, Races And Seals
          • Drivetrain And Transmission
            • Notes
            • Automatic Transmission Fluid
            • Clutch Master Cylinders
            • Cooler Lines
            • Coolers
            • Differential Fluid
            • Drain Plugs And Gaskets
            • Filters And Screens
            • Fluids And Lubricants
            • Hoses, Lines, And Tubes
            • Hydraulic Fluid
            • Lubricants
            • Manual Transmission Fluid
            • Mounts (Engine, Transaxle And Transmission)
            • Transfer Case Fluid
            • Vacuum Hoses
          • Electrical Systems
            • Batteries
            • Battery Cables
            • Battery Trays And Hold Down Hardware
            • Bulbs, Sealed Beams And LEDS
            • Fuses, Fusible Links And Circuit Breakers
            • Ground Cables And Straps
            • Ground Straps
            • Lenses
            • Sealed Beams
            • Washer Pumps
            • Wiper Arms And Blades
            • Wiper Hoses And Nozzles
            • Wiper Pump Reservoirs
          • Engine Performance And Maintenance
            • Notes
            • Accessory Belts
            • Air Filter Elements
            • Air Filter Gaskets
            • Air Filter Housings And Gaskets
            • Air Pump Belts
            • Batteries
            • Battery Connectors
            • Belt Idler Assemblies (Accessory And Cam Belts)
            • Belt TENSIONERS (Accessory And Cam Belt)
            • Chemical Engine DECARBONIZATION
            • Combustion Chamber Cleaning
            • Coolant Recovery Tanks
            • Coolant
            • Distributor Caps
            • Distributor Rotors
            • Engine Cooling Systems
            • Engine DECARBONIZATION
            • Engine Oil Drain Plugs And Gaskets
            • Engine Oil Filters And Canisters
            • Engine Oil
            • Fuel Filters
            • Fuel Injector Cleaning
            • Fuel Injectors
            • Fuel System Cleaning Service
            • Hose Clamps
            • Hose Connectors
            • Hose Couplers
            • Hoses And Tubes (Fuel Lines, Radiator, Vacuum, By-Pass, Heater, Recovery Tank And Oil Coolers)
            • Ignition Wires (Secondary)
            • Intake Cleaning
            • O2 Sensors
            • PCV Breather Elements
            • PCV Valves
            • Radiator Caps And Pressurized Expansion Tank Caps
            • Spark Plugs
            • Thermostats And Housings
            • Throttle Body Cleaning
            • Timing Belts
            • Vacuum Hoses, Tubes And Connections (Non-Metallic)
          • Exhaust Systems
            • Notes
            • Exhaust And Tail Pipes
          • Heating, Ventilation And Air Conditioning Systems
            • Notes
            • Belts
            • Cabin Air Filters
            • Coolant
            • Evaporator Drain Tubes
            • Evaporator Filters
            • In-Line Filters
            • Vacuum Hoses And Tubes
          • Steering And Suspension, Wheel Alignment, Wheels And Tires
            • Notes
            • Hydraulic Hoses
            • Power Steering Belts
            • Power Steering Fluid
            • Power Steering Hoses
            • Shock Absorbers, Strut Cartridges And Strut Assemblies
            • Strut Rods
            • Tire Pressure Monitoring System
            • Tire Pressure Sensors
            • Tires
            • Valve Stems
            • Wheel Attachment Hardware
            • Wheel Bearings, Races And Seals
      • Wheel & Tire Supplement
        • Notes
        • Tires
        • Mounting Tires
        • Vehicle Tire Placard
        • Tire Rotation
        • Wheel Lug Nut Torque & Clamping Force
        • Popular Tire Rotation Patterns
        • Wheels And Rims
        • Tire Pressure Monitoring Systems
        • Wheels & Tires CHECKSHEET
        • Wheel & Tire - UICS
          • Tire Pressure Monitoring System
          • Tire Pressure Sensors
          • Tires
          • Wheel Alignment
          • Wheel Attachment Hardware
          • Wheels (Rims)
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
  • Check Lists
    • Symptom Check List Worksheet - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Purpose
        • Notes
        • Why Use the Symptom Check List Worksheets?
        • Making the Worksheets a Part of Your Normal Routine
      • Symptom Check List Worksheets
        • Condensed Version - All On One Page
        • Full Version - All On Four Pages
        • Individual System-Based Check Lists
  • OBD-II Drive Cycles
    • 1996-99 Gasoline Models (Except Villager)
      • Introduction
      • Vehicle Preparation for OBD-II or Monitor Repair Verification Drive Cycle
      • OBD-II Drive Cycle
      • Monitor Repair Verification Drive Cycles
    • 1996 Villager
      • OBD-II Drive Cycle Test Procedure
      • Misfire Detection Repair Verification Drive Cycle
    • 1997-99 Villager
      • OBD-II Drive Cycle
    • 2000-04 Gasoline Models
      • Introduction
      • Drive Cycle Recommendations
      • Drive Cycle Procedures
    • 2005-09 Gasoline Models
      • Description of On Board Diagnostic (OBD) Drive Cycle
        • Notes
        • Drive Cycle Recommendations
    • 2010-12 Gasoline Models (Except Fiesta)
      • Description of On Board Diagnostic (OBD) Drive Cycle
      • Drive Cycle Recommendations
    • 2011-12 Fiesta
      • Description of On Board Diagnostic (OBD) Drive Cycle
      • Drive Cycle Recommendations
    • 2003-07 6.0L Diesel
      • Description
      • Drive Cycle Procedure:
    • 2008-10 6.4L Diesel
      • Description
      • Drive Cycle Procedure:
    • 2011-12 6.7L Diesel
      • Description
      • Drive Cycle Procedure
    • 1996-03 7.3L Diesel
      • Description
      • Performing Drive Cycle
    • 2005-09 Hybrid
      • Description
      • Drive Cycle Recommendations
    • 2005-12 Escape Hybrid
      • Description
      • Drive Cycle
    • 2011-12 Fusion Hybrid
      • Description
      • Drive Cycle Recommendations
  • Driveline/Axles
    • Drive Axle Noise Diagnosis - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Unrelated Noises
      • Non-Drive Axle Noises
      • Gear Noise
      • Chuckle
      • Knock
      • Clunk
      • Bearing Whine
      • Bearing Rumble
      • Chatter On Turns
      • Axle Shaft Noise
      • Vibration
    • Gear Tooth Contact Patterns - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Inspection
        • Notes
        • Gear Tooth Contact Pattern
      • Adjustments
        • Notes
        • Gear Backlash & Pinion Shim Changes
    • Map - Drive Train & Transmission
      • Drive Train & Transmission Systems
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
      • Drivetrain And Transmission
        • Notes
        • Actuators (Electrical)
        • Actuators (Vacuum)
        • Automatic Transmission / Transaxle Assemblies/CVTS
        • Automatic Transmission Fluid
        • Axles
        • Bearings And Races
        • Bell Cranks
        • Bell Housings
        • Bushings (External)
        • Cables (Speedometer)
        • Cables (TV, Detent And Shift)
        • Carrier Bearings
        • Clutch Cables And Cable Housings
        • Clutch Discs (Manual Transmissions)
        • Clutch Forks
        • Clutch Linkages (Mechanical)
        • Clutch Master Cylinders
        • Clutch Pedals
        • Clutch Pivots
        • Clutch Pressure Plates
        • Clutch Release Bearings
        • Clutch Slave Cylinders (Concentric)
        • Clutch Slave Cylinders (Conventional Or External)
        • Companion Flanges
        • Connectors
        • Cooler Bypass Valves
        • Cooler Lines
        • Coolers
        • CV Joints
        • Differential And Final Drive Assemblies
        • Differential Fluid
        • Dip Stick Tubes
        • Dip Sticks (Fluid Level Indicators)
        • Dowel Pins, Guides And Pilot Holes
        • Drain Plugs And Gaskets
        • Drive Shaft Flanges
        • Drive Shafts And Half Shafts
        • Dust Boots
        • Engine Mounts
        • Exciter Rings
        • Filler Tubes
        • Filters And Screens
        • Flanges
        • Flex Plates
        • Fluid Level Indicators
        • Fluids And Lubricants
        • Flywheels
        • Force Motors
        • Gaskets
        • Guides
        • Half Shafts
        • Hoses, Lines, And Tubes
        • Housings (Bell, Case, Tail(Extension) And Auxiliary)
        • Hydraulic Fluid
        • Intermediate Shaft Support Bearings
        • Key Interlock Systems
        • Limited Slips
        • Lines
        • Linkages (External)
        • Locking Hub Assemblies
        • Locking Hub Control Knobs
        • Lubricants
        • Manual Transmission Fluid
        • Manual Transmission/Transaxle Assemblies
        • Metal Clad Seals
        • METALASTIC Joints
        • Modulator Pins
        • Modulators
        • Mounts (Engine, Transaxle And Transmission)
        • Odometer Drives (Mechanical)
        • Odometer Heads (Mechanical)
        • Oil Pans
        • Pans
        • Pilot Holes
        • Pressure Plates
        • Pressure Switches
        • Races
        • Rubber Joints (METALASTIC)
        • Screens
        • Seals (Metal Clad)
        • Seals
        • Selector Interlock Systems
        • Sensors
        • Servos
        • Shift Interlock Systems (Selector And Key Interlock Systems)
        • Side Covers
        • Slip Yokes
        • Solenoids
        • Speed Sensors (Electronic Wheel And Vehicle)
        • Speedometer- Driven Gear Housing
        • Speedometer/Odometer Drives (Mechanical)
        • Speedometer/Odometer Heads (Mechanical)
        • Speedometers/Odometers (Electronic)
        • Switches
        • Tone Wheels
        • Toothed Rings (Tone Wheel)
        • Torque Converters
        • Transaxle Mounts
        • Transducers (Transmission)
        • Transfer Case Assemblies
        • Transfer Case Fluid
        • Transmission Coolers
        • Transmission Mounts
        • Transmission Pans
        • Transmission Range Indicators (PRNDL)
        • Tubes
        • Universal Joints (CARDAN Or Cross Type)
        • Vacuum Controls
        • Vacuum Hoses
        • Vacuum Motors
        • Vacuum-Operated Switches
        • Vehicle Speed Sensors
        • Vents
        • Vibration Dampers
        • Wheel Attachment Hardware
        • Wheel Speed Sensors
        • Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
        • Yokes And Slip Yokes
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
    • Trouble Shooting - Clutches - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • All Models
  • DTC Index
    • Anti-Lock Control DTCS
      • Vehicle Dynamic System DTCS
    • Anti-Theft (Pats) DTCS
    • Automatic Transmission - 5R44E & 5R55E DTCS
    • Engine Cooling DTCS
    • Fuel System DTCS
    • Handles, Locks, Latches And Entry Systems DTCS
    • Horn DTCS
    • Information And Entertainment System DTCS
    • Instrument Cluster (Ic) And Warning Chimes DTCS
    • Lighting DTCS
      • Exterior Lighting DTCS
      • Interior Lighting DTCS
    • Module Communications Network DTCS
    • MULTIFUNCTION Electronic Modules DTCS
    • Power Windows DTCS
      • Glass, Frames And Mechanism DTCS
    • Powertrain DTC Charts And Descriptions - Gasoline Engines DTCS
    • Steering Column Switches DTCS
    • Supplemental Restraints Systems DTCS
    • Wheels And Tires DTCS
  • Electrical
    • Map - Electrical Systems
      • Electrical Systems
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
        • Actuator Motors (Electric)
        • Actuator Motors (Vacuum)
        • Air Bags
        • Alternators And Generators
        • Amplifiers
        • Antennas
        • Batteries
        • Battery Cables, Wires And Connectors
        • Battery Cables
        • Battery Trays And Hold Down Hardware
        • Battery Wires
        • Belts
        • Bulb Sockets
        • Bulbs, Sealed Beams And LEDS
        • Cd Players
        • Cigarette Lighter Assemblies
        • Circuit Breakers
        • Clutch Switches
        • Connectors
        • Control Modules
        • Cruise Control Brake Switches
        • Cruise Control Cables
        • Cruise Control Clutch Switches
        • Cruise Control Linkages And Cables
        • Cruise Control Reservoirs
        • Cruise Control Tubes
        • Cruise Control Vacuum Dump Release Valves
        • Cruise Control Vacuum Hoses, Tubes And
        • Cruise Control Vehicle Speed Sensors
        • Defoggers
        • Defrosters
        • Delays
        • Dimmers
        • Electric Heaters
        • Equalizers
        • Fuse Blocks
        • Fuse Boxes And Blocks
        • Fuses, Fusible Links And Circuit Breakers
        • Fusible Links
        • Gauges
        • Generators
        • Ground Cables And Straps
        • Ground Straps
        • Headlight Adjusters
        • Heating Elements (Defrosters, Defoggers, Electric Heaters And Seats)
        • Horns And Sirens
        • Ignition Switches
        • Indicator Lights
        • Keyless Entry Keypads And Transmitters
        • Keyless Entry Transmitters
        • LEDS
        • Lenses
        • Microphones
        • Mirrors (ELECTROCHROMATIC And Heated)
        • Motors
        • Neutral Safety Switches
        • Odometers, Speedometers And Tachometers (Cable Driven)
        • Odometers
        • Power Distribution Center
        • Pulleys
        • Receivers, Amplifiers, Equalizers And Sub-Woofer Volume Controls
        • Relay Boxes
        • Relays
        • Sealed Beams
        • Seat Heaters
        • Security Alarm Sensors
        • Sirens
        • Solenoids
        • Speakers And Microphones
        • Speedometer And Tachometer Linkages And Cables
        • Speedometer Cables
        • Speedometers
        • Starters
        • Sub-Woofer Volume Control
        • Switches
        • Tachometer Cables
        • Tachometers
        • Tape Players And Cd Players
        • TENSIONERS
        • Timers
        • Transceivers
        • Transducers
        • Vacuum Accumulators (Reservoirs)
        • Voltage Regulators
        • Washer Fluid Level Senders
        • Washer Pumps
        • Wiper Arms And Blades
        • Wiper Blades
        • Wiper Hoses And Nozzles
        • Wiper Linkages
        • Wiper Nozzles
        • Wiper Pump Reservoirs
        • Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
      • Battery, Starting & Charging System CHECKSHEET
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
    • Using lemon2025'S System Wiring Diagrams
      • Introduction
      • Wiring Diagram Features And Controls
      • Wiring Diagram Color Abbreviations
      • Wiring Diagram Symbols
      • Wiring Diagram Ground Number Locations
      • Wiring Diagram Component Locations
  • Engine
    • Engine Overhaul Procedures - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Description
      • Engine Identification
      • Inspection Procedures
        • * Please Read This First *
        • General
        • Magnetic Particle Inspection
          • Notes
          • Magnaflux & Magnaglo
        • Penetrant Inspection
          • Notes
          • Zyglo
          • Dye Check
        • Ultrasonic Inspection
        • X-Ray Inspection
        • Pressure Testing
      • Cleaning Procedures
        • * Please Read This First *
        • General
        • Bead Blasting
        • Chemical Cleaning
      • Component Cleaning
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Sheet Metal Parts
        • Intake & Exhaust Manifolds
      • Cylinder Head Replacement
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Removal
        • Installation
        • Valve Adjustment
      • Cylinder Head Overhaul
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Cylinder Head Disassembly
        • Cylinder Head Cleaning & Inspection
        • Valve Springs
        • Valve Guide
          • Notes
          • Measuring Valve Guide Clearance
          • Reaming Valve Guide
          • Replacing Valve Guide
        • Valves & Valve Seats
          • Notes
          • Valve Grinding
          • Valve Lapping
          • Valve Seat Grinding
          • Valve Seat Replacement
          • Valve Seat Concentricity
        • Cylinder Head Reassembly
          • Notes
          • Valve Stem Installed Height
        • Valve Stem Oil Seals
          • Notes
          • Replacement (On-Vehicle)
        • Valve Spring Installed Height
        • Rocker Arms & Assemblies
          • Notes
          • Rocker Studs
          • Rocker Arms & Shafts
        • Push Rods
        • Lifters
          • Notes
          • Hydraulic Lifters
          • Mechanical Lifters
      • Pistons, Connecting Rods & Bearings
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Ridge Removal
        • Piston & Connecting Rod Removal
        • Piston & Connecting Rod
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Cleaning
          • Inspection
        • Piston & Cylinder Bore Fit
        • Assembling Piston & Connecting Rod
        • Checking Piston Ring Clearances
        • Piston & Connecting Rod Installation
        • Connecting Rod Side Clearance
        • Main & Connecting Rod Bearing Clearance
          • Notes
          • Plastigage Method
          • Micrometer & Telescopic Gauge Method
      • Crankshaft & Main Bearings
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Removal
        • Cleaning & Inspection
        • Installation
        • Crankshaft End Play
          • Notes
          • Dial Indicator Method
          • Feeler Gauge Method
        • Cylinder Block
          • Notes
          • Block Cleaning
          • Block Inspection
          • Cylinder Bore Inspection
          • Cylinder Honing
          • Deck Warpage
          • Deck Height
          • Main Bearing Bore & Alignment
          • Expansion Plug Removal
          • Expansion Plug Installation
          • Oil Gallery Plug Removal
          • Oil Gallery Plug Installation
      • Camshaft
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Cleaning & Inspection
        • Camshaft Bearings
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Camshaft Installation
        • Camshaft End Play
      • Timing Chains & Belts
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Timing Chains
        • Timing Belts
        • Tension Adjustment
      • Timing Gears
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Timing Gear Backlash & RUNOUT
        • Rear Main Oil Seal Installation
          • Notes
          • One-Piece Type Seal
          • Rope Type Seal
          • Split-Rubber Type Seal
      • Oil Pump
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Rotor Type
        • Gear Type
      • Break-In Procedure
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Engine Pre-Oiling
        • Initial Start-Up
        • Camshaft
        • Piston Rings
        • Final Adjustments
    • General Cooling System Service - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Description
      • Maintenance
        • Draining
        • Flushing
          • Notes
          • Radiator
          • Engine Block
        • Refilling
      • Testing
        • Thermostat
        • Pressure Testing
          • Notes
          • Radiator Cap
          • Cooling System
  • Engine Performance
    • Electrostatic Discharge Warning - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Introduction
      • Handling Static-Sensitive Circuits/Devices
      • Checking Static-Sensitive Circuits/Devices
    • Engine Performance Diagnostic Routine Outline - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Where Does DRIVEABILITY Diagnosis Start?
        • Perform Basic Inspection
        • Check For Trouble Codes
        • Diagnose Symptom
        • Test System
    • Engine Performance Safety Precautions
      • Engine Performance Safety Precautions
    • Map - Engine Performance & Maintenance
      • Engine Performance And Maintenance (Including Exhaust Systems)
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
      • Engine Performance & Maintenance CHECKSHEET
      • Engine Performance And Maintenance
        • Notes
        • Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor
        • Accessory Belts
        • Accessory Pulleys
        • Air Conditioning Cycling Switches
        • Air Conditioning Pressure Sensors
        • Air Ducts And Tubes
        • Air Filter Elements
        • Air Filter Gaskets
        • Air Filter Housings And Gaskets
        • Air Fuel Ratio Sensors
        • Air Injection Control Solenoids
        • Air Plenums
        • Air Pump Belts
        • Air Pumps (Electric Driven)
        • Air Tubes
        • Aspirator, Check And DECEL Valves
        • Baffles
        • Ballast Primary Supply Resistor Wires
        • Ballast Resistors And Primary Supply Resistors
        • Barometric Pressure Sensors
        • Batteries
        • Battery Cables, Wires And Connectors
        • Battery Connectors
        • Battery Trays And Hold Down Hardware
        • Battery Wires
        • Belt Idler Assemblies (Accessory And Cam Belts)
        • Belt TENSIONERS (Accessory And Cam Belt)
        • Belt-Driven Air Pumps
        • Boost Control Mechanism
        • Camshaft Position Sensors
        • Carburetors And Chokes
        • Casting Core Plugs And Expansion Plugs
        • Charge Air Coolers ""INTERCOOLERS"" (CAC)
        • Check Valves
        • Chemical Engine DECARBONIZATION
        • Chokes
        • Clutch Pedal Position Switches
        • Cold Start Injectors
        • Combustion Chamber Cleaning
        • Connectors
        • Coolant Recovery Tanks
        • Coolant
        • Cooling Fan Motor Modules
        • Cooling Fan Motor Relays And Modules
        • Cooling Fan Motor Resistors
        • Cooling Fan Motor Sensors And Switches
        • Cooling Fan Motor Switches
        • Cooling Fan Motors
        • Crankshaft Position Sensors
        • Cylinder Deactivation Solenoid
        • Cylinder Head Assemblies
        • DECEL Valves
        • Deflectors
        • Dip Stick Tubes
        • Dip Sticks And Tubes
        • Distributor Advances And Retarders (Mechanical And Vacuum)
        • Distributor Boots And Shields
        • Distributor Caps
        • Distributor Retarders (Mechanical And Vacuum)
        • Distributor Rotors
        • Distributor Shields
        • Distributors
        • Early Fuel Evaporation Valves (Heat Riser Assemblies)
        • EGR Coolers
        • EGR Exhaust Manifold Passages
        • EGR Intake And Exhaust Manifold Passages
        • EGR Plates And Coolers
        • Electronic Spark Control Modules
        • Electronic Transmission Control Devices
        • Electronic Transmission Feedback Devices
        • Engine Coolant Temperature Sensors
        • Engine Cooling Systems
        • Engine Covers (Oil Pan, Valve Cover, Timing Cover)
        • Engine DECARBONIZATION
        • Engine Oil Canisters
        • Engine Oil Coolers (External)
        • Engine Oil Drain Plugs And Gaskets
        • Engine Oil Filters And Canisters
        • Engine Oil Gaskets
        • Engine Oil Pressure Gauges (Mechanical)
        • Engine Oil
        • Evaporative Emissions (EVAP) Canister Filters
        • Evaporative Emissions (EVAP) Canister Purge Devices
        • Evaporative Emissions (EVAP) Canisters
        • Evaporative Emissions (EVAP) Feedback Devices
        • Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION Devices
        • Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION Feedback Devices
        • Expansion Plugs
        • Fan Control Sensor
        • Fuel Accumulators And Dampers
        • Fuel And Cold Start Injectors
        • Fuel Caps
        • Fuel Dampers
        • Fuel Delivery Check Valves
        • Fuel Distributors (BOSCH Cis)
        • Fuel Filler Necks And RESTRICTORS
        • Fuel Filters
        • Fuel Injector Cleaning
        • Fuel Injectors
        • Fuel Level Senders
        • Fuel Pressure Regulators
        • Fuel Pumps (In-Tank, External, Electrical Or Mechanical)
        • Fuel Rails
        • Fuel RESTRICTORS
        • Fuel System Cleaning Service
        • Fuel Tanks
        • Fuel
        • Gaskets
        • Grommets (Valve Cover)
        • Harmonic Dampers
        • Heater Control Valves
        • Heater Cores
        • Hose Clamps
        • Hose Connectors
        • Hose Couplers
        • Hoses And Tube Couplers, Connectors And Clamps
        • Hoses And Tubes (Fuel Lines, Radiator, Vacuum, By-Pass, Heater, Recovery Tank And Oil Coolers)
        • Housings
        • Idle Air Controls
        • Idle Speed Control Actuators
        • Ignition Boots
        • Ignition Coil Towers
        • Ignition Coils
        • Ignition Control Modules (ICM)
        • Ignition Switches
        • Ignition Terminals
        • Ignition Wires (Secondary)
        • Inertia Fuel Shut-Off Switches
        • Intake Air Temperature Sensors
        • Intake Cleaning
        • Intake Manifolds
        • In-Tank Fuel Strainers
        • INTERCOOLERS
        • Knock Sensors
        • Liquid Vapor Separators
        • Long Block Assemblies
        • Manifold Absolute Pressure (Map) Sensors
        • Mass Air Flow (MAF) Sensors
        • Metal Air Manifolds And Pipes
        • Metal Air Pipes
        • Mix Control Solenoids
        • Motor Mounts
        • O2 Sensors
        • Oil Pans
        • Oil Pressure Sending Units
        • Oil Pump Pick-Up Screens
        • Oil Pumps
        • O-Rings, Gaskets, Seals And Spring Locks
        • Park Neutral Position Switches
        • PCV Breather Elements
        • PCV Orifices
        • PCV Valves
        • Pick-Up Assemblies (Includes Magnetic, Hall Effect And Optical)
        • Power Steering Pressure Sensors
        • Powertrain Control Modules (Pcm) And Prom
        • Powertrain Control Prom
        • Pressurized Expansion Tank Caps
        • Radiator / Cooling Fan Blades
        • Radiator / Cooling Fan Clutches
        • Radiator Caps And Pressurized Expansion Tank Caps
        • Radiators
        • Roll Over Valves
        • Sealing Compounds
        • Seals
        • Secondary Air Injection System Management Devices
        • Sensors
        • Short Block Assemblies
        • Shrouds, Baffles And Deflectors
        • Spark Plugs
        • Spring Locks
        • Super Chargers
        • Switches
        • Thermal Vacuum Valves
        • Thermostatic Air Door Assemblies
        • Thermostats And Housings
        • Throttle Bodies
        • Throttle Body Cleaning
        • Throttle Cables
        • Throttle Linkages And Cables
        • Throttle Position Sensors
        • Throttle Position Switches
        • Timing Belt Sprockets
        • Timing Belts
        • Timing Covers
        • Torque Struts
        • Transmission Range Switches
        • Tube Clamps
        • Tube Connectors
        • Tube Couplers
        • Tubes
        • Turbo Chargers
        • Vacuum Connections
        • Vacuum Hoses, Tubes And Connections (Non-Metallic)
        • Vacuum Regulator Solenoids
        • Vacuum Tubes
        • Valve Covers
        • Vehicle Speed Senors
        • Volume Air Flow Sensors
        • Waste Gate And Boost Control Mechanisms
        • Waste Gate Control Solenoids
        • Water Pumps (Electric)
        • Water Pumps (Non-Electric)
        • Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
    • Parasitic Load Explanation & Test Procedures - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • General Information
      • Testing For Parasitic Load
        • Notes
        • CHRYSLER Ignition Off Draw (IOD) Test
        • Test Procedure Using Test Switch
        • Intermittent Parasitic Load Problems
        • Diode Check & Solenoid Test
        • Quad Driver Test
    • State Emission Standards - Diesel
      • ARIZONA
      • Colorado
      • CONNECTICUT
      • IDAHO
      • KENTUCKY
      • MASSACHUSETTS
      • New YORK
      • OHIO
      • RHODE Island
      • UTAH
      • WASHINGTON
    • State Emission Standards - Gas
      • ALASKA
      • ARIZONA
      • CALIFORNIA
        • California Emission Standards ASM Tests
        • Legend
        • Pass/Fail Emission Standards = A+B / VTW
      • Colorado
      • CONNECTICUT
      • DELAWARE
      • District Of COLUMBIA
      • GEORGIA
      • IDAHO
      • ILLINOIS
      • INDIANA
      • KENTUCKY
      • MARYLAND
      • MASSACHUSETTS
      • MISSOURI
      • NEVADA
      • New Jersey
      • New MEXICO
      • New YORK
      • North CAROLINA
      • OHIO
      • OREGON
      • PENNSYLVANIA
      • RHODE Island
      • TENNESSEE
      • TEXAS
      • UTAH
      • VIRGINIA
      • WASHINGTON
      • WISCONSIN
      • U. S. EPA ASM2525 & ASM5015 Start-Up Emission Standards
      • U. S. EPA Revised Final ASM Emission Standards (ASM5015 & ASM2525)
      • U.S. EPA Im240 Emission Standards
        • Start-Up Standards
        • Final Standards
    • Waveforms - Injector Pattern Tutorial - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Purpose Of This Article
        • Notes
        • Scope Of This Article
      • Is A Lab Scope Necessary?
        • Introduction
        • Overview Of NOID Light
          • Notes
          • Use the Right Noid Light
        • Overview Of DVOM
          • Notes
          • Checking Injector Resistance
          • Checking Available Voltage At the Injector
          • Checking Injector On-Time With Built-In Function
          • Checking Injector On-Time With Dwell Or Duty
          • How A Duty Cycle Meter and Dwell Meter Work
          • Strengths of Dwell/Duty Meter
          • Weaknesses of Dwell/Duty Meter
      • The Two Types Of Injector Drivers
        • Notes
        • Overview
        • Voltage Controlled Circuit ("Saturated Switch")
        • Current Controlled Circuit ("Peak & Hold")
      • The Two Ways Injector Circuits Are Wired
      • Interpreting Injector Waveforms
        • Notes
        • Interpreting A Voltage Controlled Pattern
        • Interpreting A Current Controlled Pattern
      • Current Waveform Samples
        • Notes
        • Example #1 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #2 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #3 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #4 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #5 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #6 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #7 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #8 - Current Controlled Driver
      • Voltage Waveform Samples
        • Notes
        • Example #1 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #2 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #3 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #4 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #5 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #6 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #7 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #8 - Current Controlled Driver
  • Map - Exhaust Systems
    • Exhaust Systems
      • Notes
      • Map Standards Of Service
      • The Map Process - Overview
      • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
      • Catalytic Converters
      • Exhaust And Tail Pipes
      • Exhaust Connections
      • Hangers
      • Heat Risers (Mechanical EFE Devices)
      • Heat Shields
      • Manifolds (Cast And Tube Type)
      • Mechanical EFE Devices
      • Muffler Valve
      • Mufflers And Resonators
    • Reason Code Explanation
  • Heating, Ventilation & A/C (HVAC)
    • Map - Heating, Ventilation, & Air Conditioning
      • Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning Systems
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
        • Accumulators
        • Actuators (Electrical)
        • Actuators (Vacuum)
        • Air Conditioning Fittings
        • Air Conditioning Hoses
        • Air Conditioning Metal Lines
        • Air Control Doors
        • Air Dams (External)
        • Air Distribution System
        • Belts
        • Blend Doors
        • Blower Fans (Blower Wheel Or Squirrel Cage)
        • Blower Motors
        • Blower Resistors
        • Blower Switches
        • Cabin Air Filters
        • Circuit Breakers
        • Compressor Clutch Assemblies
        • Compressors
        • Condenser Air Seals
        • Condenser Fan Motors
        • Condensers
        • Connectors
        • Control Cables
        • Control Heads (Function Selectors)
        • Control Linkages
        • Control Modules
        • Coolant
        • Cooling Fan Blades
        • Cooling Fan Clutches
        • Cooling Fan Motors
        • Evaporator Drain Tubes
        • Evaporator Filters
        • Evaporator Pressure Regulators (EPRS)
        • Evaporators
        • Expansion Valves
        • Function Selectors
        • Fuses, Fusible Links And Circuit Breakers
        • Fusible Links
        • Gaskets
        • Heater Cases
        • Heater Control Valves
        • Heater Cores
        • Heater Hoses
        • High Pressure Relief Valves (HPRV)
        • Idlers
        • In-Line Filters
        • Metal Fittings
        • Metal Lines
        • Mix And Air Control Doors (Blend Doors)
        • ORIFACE Tubes
        • O-Rings
        • Pilot-Operated Absolutes (POAS)
        • Plenums
        • Pressure Control Valves
        • Pressure Sensors
        • Pulleys
        • Radiators
        • Receiver-DRIERS
        • Refrigerant Oil
        • Refrigerant
        • Relays
        • Seals
        • Service Ports
        • Spring Lock Couplings
        • Suction Throttling Valves (STVS)
        • Switches (Electrical)
        • TENSIONERS
        • Thermistors And Pressure Sensors
        • Thermostats And Housings
        • Vacuum Hoses And Tubes
        • Vacuum Reservoirs
        • Vacuum Tubes
        • Valves In Receiver (VIRS)
        • Water Pumps (Electric Auxiliary)
        • Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
      • Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning System CHECKSHEET
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
  • Hoist/Jack
    • Jacking And Lifting
      • Description And Operation
        • Jacking and Lifting
  • Identification
    • CANADIAN Model Cross-Reference
      • * Please Read This First *
      • ACURA
      • ASUNA
      • AUDI
      • BMW
      • CHRYSLER Corp.
        • CHRYSLER
        • Dodge
        • Eagle
        • PLYMOUTH
      • General Motors
        • BUICK
        • CHEVROLET
        • GMC
        • OLDSMOBILE
        • Optima
        • PONTIAC
      • HYUNDAI
      • Jaguar
      • KIA
      • MAZDA
      • MERCEDES-BENZ
      • Mercury
      • MERKUR
      • MITSUBISHI
      • NISSAN
      • RENAULT
      • SATURN
      • Smart
      • SUBARU
      • SUZUKI
      • TOYOTA
      • VOLKSWAGEN
      • VOLVO
      • All Others
    • Identification Codes
      • Description & Operation
        • Identification Codes
          • Notes
          • Vehicle Identification Number
          • Vehicle Certification (VC) Label
          • Powertrain Calibration Information
  • Metric Conversions
    • Engine Displacement Conversion Table - ECAT
      • Conversion Table
    • Metric Conversions
      • Metric Conversions
        • Notes
        • Length
        • Volume
        • Torque
        • Pressure
      • Conversion Factors
  • OEM General Information
    • Automatic Stop/Start Disable
      • Auto Stop/Start Disable
        • Notes
        • Disable Conditions
        • Disable Button
    • Identification Codes
      • Description & Operation
        • Identification Codes
          • Notes
          • Vehicle Identification Number
          • Vehicle Certification (VC) Label
          • Powertrain Calibration Information
    • Jacking And Lifting
      • Description And Operation
        • Jacking and Lifting
    • Noise, Vibration And Harshness
      • Description & Operation
        • Noise, Vibration & Harshness (NVH)
          • Notes
          • Acceptable NVH
          • Glossary of Terms
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Noise, Vibration & Harshness (NVH)
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic Theory
          • Diagnostic Procedure Overview
          • Tools & Techniques
          • Write-Up Job Aid
          • 1: Customer Interview
          • 2: Pre-Drive Check
          • 3: Preparing for the Road Test
          • 4: Verify the Customer Concern
          • 5: Road Test
          • Classify NVH Symptom
          • Noise Symptoms
          • Vibration Symptoms
          • Order of Vibration
          • Relationship of Vibration Frequency to Order of Vibration
          • Frequency Calculations
          • Harshness Symptoms
          • NVH Symptom Chart Categories
          • Vehicle-Speed Related Vibrations
          • Symptom Chart - Tire-Speed Related Vibrations
          • Symptom Chart - Driveshaft-Speed Related Vibrations
          • Symptom Chart - Engine-Speed Related Vibrations
          • Symptom Chart - Noise, Air Leaks or Water Leaks
          • Symptom Chart - Harshness
  • Reset Procedures
    • ATEQ TPMS Reset Procedure
      • ATEQ TPMS Reset Procedure
    • BARTEC TPMS Reset Procedure
      • BARTEC TPMS Reset Procedure
    • Maintenance Reminder Light (Reset Procedures)
      • A/C Filter Service Reminder
        • Notes
        • A/C Filter Service Reminder Reset Procedure
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder
        • Notes
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
          • Oil Life Reset - Base Instrument Cluster
          • Oil Life Reset - Message Center Instrument Cluster
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 04
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 05
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 06
          • Non-Hybrid
          • Hybrid
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 07
          • Owner's Manual 1
          • Owner's Manual 2
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 08
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 09
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 10
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 11
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 12
          • With Base Instrument Cluster
          • With Message Center Instrument Cluster
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 13
          • With Message Center Instrument Cluster
          • With Base Instrument Cluster
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 14
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 15
          • Base Message Center
          • Uplevel Message Center
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 16
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 17
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 18
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 19
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 20
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 21
          • Notes
          • Without Message Center
          • With Message Center
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 22
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 23
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 24
          • Path 1
          • Path 2
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 25
          • Base Cluster
          • High Series Cluster
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 26
          • Resetting The Engine Oil Change Reminder - Vehicles With: 2.3 Inch Screen/4.2 Inch Screen
          • Resetting The Engine Oil Change Reminder - Vehicles With: 8 Inch Screen
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 27
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 28
      • Maintenance Service Reminder (Overhead Warning Lights)
        • Notes
        • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset Procedure
      • Maintenance Service Reminder (Sri)
        • Notes
        • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
        • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
        • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
      • Maintenance Service Reminder (VMM)
        • Notes
        • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
        • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
        • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
      • Tire Pressure Monitor System Reminder
        • Notes
        • Tire Pressure Sensor Types
          • Notes
          • Banded Sensor
          • Valve Mounted Bolt-On Sensor
          • Valve Mounted Snap-In Sensor
        • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
        • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
        • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
        • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 04
        • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 05
          • Notes
          • Vehicles With Message Center
          • Vehicles Without Message Center
        • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 07
        • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 08
          • Notes
          • Performing the System Reset Procedure - Single Rear Wheel
          • Performing the System Reset Procedure - Dual Rear Wheel
        • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 09
          • Overview
          • Carrying Out the System Reset Procedure
          • To reset the tire pressure monitoring system for vehicles equipped with 2.3" information display, scroll to:
          • To reset the tire pressure monitoring system for vehicles equipped with 4.2" information display, scroll to:
        • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 10
    • Tire Pressure Monitor Systems
      • Model Coverage
      • Description & Operation
        • Notes
        • Tire Pressure Monitor (TPM) System
        • Tire Pressure Monitor Warning Indicators
      • TPMS Reset Procedures
        • Notes
        • Tire Pressure Sensor Training
      • Dismounting/Mounting Procedures
        • Notes
        • Tire Pressure Sensor
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Tire Pressure Sensor Strap & Cradle
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Torque Specifications
  • Specifications Index
    • Common Specs & Procedures
      • Specifications Index
  • Steering
    • Map - Steering, Suspension, Wheel Alignment, Wheels & Tires
      • Steering & Suspension Systems
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
      • Wheel And Tire
        • Notes
        • Tires
        • Mounting Tires
        • Vehicle Tire Placard
        • Tire Rotation
        • Wheel Lug Nut Torque & Clamping Force
        • Popular Tire Rotation Patterns
        • Wheels And Rims
        • Tire Pressure Monitoring Systems
      • Steering & Suspension CHECKSHEET
      • Wheels & Tires CHECKSHEET
      • Steering And Suspension, Wheel Alignment, Wheels And Tires
        • Notes
        • Active Handling
        • Active Suspension Control Modules
        • Active Variable Ratio Steering
        • Active Yaw Control
        • Adaptive Cruise Control
        • Advance TRAC
        • Air Bags
        • Air Ride Control Modules
        • Air Ride Suspension Torsion Springs (Counter Balancing)
        • Air Ride Suspension
        • Air Ride Tubes
        • Air Shocks And Air Struts
        • Air Spring Valves
        • Air Springs
        • Air Suspension Control Valves
        • Air Suspension DRIERS
        • Axle Acceleration Sensor
        • Ball Joints
        • Body Acceleration Sensor
        • Bushings
        • Center Links
        • Compressors
        • Continuous Damping Control
        • Control Arm Shafts
        • Control Arms
        • Control Modules
        • Distance Regulation Control Module
        • Distance Regulation Sensor
        • Drag Links
        • Dynamic Stability Control
        • Dynamic Stability Traction Control
        • Electronic Ride Control Shocks And Struts
        • Electronic Stability Control
        • Electronic Suspension System
        • Flex Couplers
        • Gaskets
        • Height Sensors
        • Hydraulic Hoses
        • Hydraulic Power Steering Pumps
        • Hydraulic Suspension Hoses
        • Hydraulic Suspension Pumps
        • Idler Arms
        • Intermediate Shaft U-Joints
        • King Pins
        • Modules
        • Pitman Arms
        • Power Steering Belts
        • Power Steering Coolers
        • Power Steering Fluid
        • Power Steering Hoses
        • Power Steering Lines (Steel)
        • Power Steering Pumps - Electric
        • Power Steering Pumps
        • Radar Sensor
        • Radius Arms
        • Relay Rods
        • Relays
        • Sensors
        • Shock Absorbers, Strut Cartridges And Strut Assemblies
        • Spindles
        • Springs, Coil, Leaf And Torsion Bars
        • STABILITRAC
        • Stability Management System
        • Steering Angle Sensor
        • Steering Arms
        • Steering Couplers
        • Steering Dampers
        • Steering Gears (Except Rack And Pinion)
        • Steering Gears, Rack And Pinion
        • Steering Knuckles
        • Strike Out Bumpers
        • Strut Bearing Plate Assemblies
        • Strut Rods
        • Suspension Pumps (Hydraulic)
        • Sway Bar Links
        • Sway Bar Mounting Bushings
        • Sway Bars
        • Switches
        • Tie Rod Ends (Inner And Outer)
        • Tire Pressure Monitoring System
        • Tire Pressure Sensors
        • Tires
        • Torque Sensor
        • Torsion Springs
        • Track Bar Bushings
        • Track Bars
        • Trailing Arm Bushings
        • Trailing Arms
        • Valve Stems
        • Vehicle Dynamics Control
        • Vehicle Speed Sensor
        • Vehicle Stability Assist
        • Vehicle Stability/Skid Control
        • Warning Lamps
        • Wheel Alignment
        • Wheel Attachment Hardware
        • Wheel Bearings, Races And Seals
        • Wheels (Rims)
        • Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
    • Wheel Alignment Theory & Operation - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Pre-Alignment Instructions
        • Notes
        • General Alignment Checks
      • Adjustments
        • Notes
        • Camber
        • Caster
        • Toe-In Adjustment
        • Toe-Out On Turns
        • Steering Axis Inclination
  • Traction Control Disable Procedures
    • Traction Control Disable
  • Trouble Shooting - Manual Transmission - General Information
    • * Please Read This First *
    • Introduction
• Heating, Ventilation & A/C (HVAC)
  • General Servicing
    • Cabin Air Filter (Special Applications) - General Information
      • Cabin Air Filter Applications
  • HVAC Control Systems
    • HVAC Control System
      • Specifications
        • Material Specification
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Air Conditioning
          • Notes
          • A/C Compressor and Clutch Assembly
          • A/C Pressure Relief Valve
          • Condenser Core
          • Evaporator Core
          • A/C Evaporator Core Orifice
          • Suction Accumulator
          • Refrigerant System Dye
          • A/C Cycling Switch
          • Pressure Cutoff Switch
          • Spring Lock Coupling
          • Peanut Fitting
          • Tube-O Fitting
          • Service Gauge Port Valves
        • Air Distribution and Filtering
          • Notes
          • Instrument Panel Registers
        • Control Components
          • Notes
          • Control System Inputs
            • Notes
            • Function Selector Switch
            • Temperature Control Switch
            • Blower Motor Switch
          • Control System Outputs
            • Notes
            • Blower Motor Resistor
            • Temperature Blend Door Actuator
            • Vacuum Control Motors
        • Heating and Ventilation
          • Notes
          • Heater Core
          • Blower Motor
          • Evaporator Core Housing
          • Heater Control Valve
      • Removal And Installation
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) Compressor - 2.3L
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) Compressor - 3.0L
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) Compressor - 4.0L
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) Compressor Shaft Seal
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Blower Motor
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Blower Motor Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Climate Control Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Clutch and Clutch Field Coil
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Compressor Manifold and Tube Assembly - 2.3L
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Compressor Manifold and Tube Assembly - 3.0L
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Compressor Manifold and Tube Assembly - 4.0L
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Compressor to Condenser Discharge Line - 2.3L
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Condenser Core
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Condenser to Evaporator Line
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Evaporator Core
          • Removal And Installation
        • Evaporator Core Housing
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Evaporator Core Orifice
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Function Selector Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Heater Core
          • Removal And Installation
        • Plenum Chamber
          • Removal And Installation
        • Register - Center
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Register - Driver Side
          • Removal And Installation
        • Register - Passenger Side
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Suction Accumulator
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Temperature Blend Door Actuator
          • Removal And Installation
        • Vacuum Control Motor - Air Inlet Door
          • Removal And Installation
        • Vacuum Control Motor - Panel Defrost Door
          • Removal And Installation
        • Vacuum Control Motor - Panel/Floor Door
          • Removal And Installation
        • Vacuum Reservoir
          • Removal And Installation
    • HVAC Control System- General Information And Diagnostics
      • Specifications
        • Material Specifications
        • General Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Climate Control System
          • Notes
          • System Airflow Description - Manual Climate Control
            • Max A/C
            • A/C
            • Panel
            • Off
            • Panel/Floor
            • Floor
            • Floor/Defrost
            • Defrost
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Climate Control System
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
            • Notes
            • Heat Transfer
            • Latent Heat of Vaporization
            • Relative Humidity
            • Effects of Pressure on Boiling or Condensation
          • Compressor Anti-Slugging Strategy
          • The Refrigerant Cycle
          • Vacuum System
          • Inspection and Verification
            • Notes
            • A/C Performance Check
          • Symptom Chart - Climate Control Systems
          • Symptom Chart - Noise, Vibration and Harshness (NVH)
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Notes
            • Pinpoint Test A: Incorrect/Erratic Direction of Airflow From Outlet(s)
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test A: Incorrect/Erratic Direction Of Airflow From Outlet(S)
            • Pinpoint Test B: Insufficient, Erratic or No Heat
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test B: Insufficient, Erratic Or No Heat
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Air Conditioning (A/C) is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test C: The Air Conditioning (A/C) Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Air Conditioning (A/C) Is Always On
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test D: The Air Conditioning (A/C) Is Always On
            • Pinpoint Test E: Temperature Control is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test E: Temperature Control Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Blower Motor is Inoperative
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test F: The Blower Motor Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Blower Motor Does Not Operate Correctly
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test G: The Blower Motor Does Not Operate Correctly
          • Component Tests
            • Switch - Function Selector
            • Switch - Blower Motor
            • Resistor - Blower Motor
            • Heater Core
            • Heater Core - Plugged
            • Heater Core - Pressure Test
            • Heater Core - Bench Test
            • Evaporator/Condenser Core - On-Vehicle Leak Test
            • A/C Compressor - External Leak Test
      • General Procedures
        • Spring Lock Coupling
          • Notes
          • Disconnect
          • Connect
        • Air Conditioning Line (Peanut) Fitting
          • Disconnect
          • Connect
        • Refrigerant System Tests
          • Notes
          • Procedure 1 - Ambient Temperature at or Below 38°C (100°F)
          • Procedure 2 - Ambient Temperature Above 38°C (100°F)
          • Diagnostic Table
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) Clutch Air Gap Adjustment
        • Manifold Gauge Set Connection
        • Electronic Leak Detection
        • Fluorescent Dye Leak Detection
          • Notes
          • Fluorescent Dye Injection - Using an R-134a Refrigerant Management Machine and Dye Injector
          • Fluorescent Dye Injection - Using an R-134a Loop/Add On Injector Kit-Set
          • Fluorescent Dye Detection
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) System Flushing
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) System Recovery, Evacuation and Charging
          • Notes
          • Refrigerant System Recovery
          • Refrigerant System Evacuation Using an R-134a Refrigerant Management Machine
          • Refrigerant System Evacuation Using an R-134a Manifold Gauge Set
          • Refrigerant System Charging Using an R-134a Refrigerant Management Machine
          • Refrigerant System Charging Using an R-134a Manifold Gauge Set and Automatic Refrigerant Charging Motor
        • Refrigerant System Filtering Following Air Conditioning (A/C) Compressor Installation
        • Refrigerant Oil Adding
          • Notes
          • Refrigerant Oil Adding
          • Refrigerant Oil Adding for New A/C Compressor Installation
          • Refrigerant Oil Adding for New Suction Accumulator or Receiver/Drier Installation
          • Refrigerant Oil Adding for Multiple Component Installation After A/C System Contamination
          • Oil Injection Using a Dye/Lubricant Injector
        • Refrigerant Identification Testing
          • Notes
          • Refrigerant Identification
          • Contaminated Refrigerant Handling
        • Vacuum Hose Repair - Mini-Tube
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) Odor Treatment
          • Notes
          • A/C Odor Treatment
• Maintenance
  • Procedures
    • Maintenance Reminder Light (Reset Procedures)
      • A/C Filter Service Reminder
        • Notes
        • A/C Filter Service Reminder Reset Procedure
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder
        • Notes
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
          • Oil Life Reset - Base Instrument Cluster
          • Oil Life Reset - Message Center Instrument Cluster
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 04
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 05
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 06
          • Non-Hybrid
          • Hybrid
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 07
          • Owner's Manual 1
          • Owner's Manual 2
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 08
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 09
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 10
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 11
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 12
          • With Base Instrument Cluster
          • With Message Center Instrument Cluster
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 13
          • With Message Center Instrument Cluster
          • With Base Instrument Cluster
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 14
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 15
          • Base Message Center
          • Uplevel Message Center
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 16
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 17
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 18
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 19
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 20
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 21
          • Notes
          • Without Message Center
          • With Message Center
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 22
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 23
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 24
          • Path 1
          • Path 2
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 25
          • Base Cluster
          • High Series Cluster
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 26
          • Resetting The Engine Oil Change Reminder - Vehicles With: 2.3 Inch Screen/4.2 Inch Screen
          • Resetting The Engine Oil Change Reminder - Vehicles With: 8 Inch Screen
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 27
        • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 28
      • Maintenance Service Reminder (Overhead Warning Lights)
        • Notes
        • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset Procedure
      • Maintenance Service Reminder (Sri)
        • Notes
        • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
        • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
        • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
      • Maintenance Service Reminder (VMM)
        • Notes
        • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
        • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
        • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
      • Tire Pressure Monitor System Reminder
        • Notes
        • Tire Pressure Sensor Types
          • Notes
          • Banded Sensor
          • Valve Mounted Bolt-On Sensor
          • Valve Mounted Snap-In Sensor
        • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
        • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
        • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
        • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 04
        • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 05
          • Notes
          • Vehicles With Message Center
          • Vehicles Without Message Center
        • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 07
        • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 08
          • Notes
          • Performing the System Reset Procedure - Single Rear Wheel
          • Performing the System Reset Procedure - Dual Rear Wheel
        • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 09
          • Overview
          • Carrying Out the System Reset Procedure
          • To reset the tire pressure monitoring system for vehicles equipped with 2.3" information display, scroll to:
          • To reset the tire pressure monitoring system for vehicles equipped with 4.2" information display, scroll to:
        • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 10
    • Maintenance Schedule
      • Description & Operation
        • Maintenance Schedules - Gasoline Engines
          • Notes
          • General Maintenance Information
          • Special Operating Condition Requirements
          • Checks & Services
          • Multi-Point Inspection
          • In-Line, Service-Installed Transmission Fluid Filter
          • Normal Schedule
          • Exceptions To Normal Schedule
• Restraints
  • Air Bag, SRS
    • Supplemental Inflatable Restraint System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Air Bag and Safety Belt Pretensioner Supplemental Restraint System (SRS)
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Air Bag and Safety Belt Pretensioner Supplemental Restraint System (SRS)
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
            • Notes
            • Air Bag Warning Indicator
            • Air Bag Second Stage Deployment Check
            • Clockspring
            • Driver Air Bag Module
            • Electrical System
            • High Speed Controller Area Network (HS-CAN)
            • Impact Sensors
            • Loops/Squibs
            • Occupant Classification Sensor (OCS) System
            • Occupant Classification Sensor (OCS) System Module
            • Passenger Air Bag Deactivation (PAD) Indicator
            • Passenger Air Bag Module
            • Restraints Control Module (RCM)
            • Safety Belt Buckle Pretensioners
            • Safety Belt Buckle Switches
            • Safety Belt Tension Sensor
            • Seat Track Position Sensor
            • Secondary Air Bag Warning (Chime)
          • Diagnostic Instructions
            • Notes
            • Diagnostic Test Options
            • Self Test/On-Demand
            • Self Test/Continuous Memory and Clear DTCs
            • DataLogger PID/Data
            • Active Commands
              • Occupant Classification System Module (OCSM)
              • Instrument Cluster (IC) Module
            • Lamp Fault Codes (LFCs)
            • Diagnosing Customer Concerns With On-Demand DTCs
            • Diagnosing Customer Concerns With Continuous Memory DTCs
            • Bit-Mapped DTCs
            • Prove Out Procedure
          • Air Bag Reconnect Checklist
          • Glossary
            • Deactivate the Supplemental Restraint System (SRS)
            • Depower the SRS
            • Deployment Loop
            • Disconnect the Component
            • Install a New Component
            • Prove Out the SRS
            • Reactivate the SRS
            • Reconnect the SRS
            • Repower the SRS
            • Secondary Air Bag Warning
            • Squib
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs)
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Air Bag Warning Indicator is Illuminated Continuously
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test A: The Air Bag Warning Indicator Is Illuminated Continuously
            • Pinpoint Test B: DTC B1118 - Passenger Front Crash Sensor Mount/Communication Fault
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test B: DTC B1118 - Passenger Front Crash Sensor Mount/Communication Fault
            • Pinpoint Test C: DTC B1884 - PAD Warning Lamp Circuit Failure
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test C: DTC B1884 - Pad Warning Lamp Circuit Failure
            • Pinpoint Test D: DTC B1890 - PAD Warning Lamp Circuit Short to Battery
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test D: DTC B1890 - Pad Warning Lamp Circuit Short To Battery
            • Pinpoint Test E: DTC B2290 - Occupant Classification System (OCS) Fault
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test E: DTC B2290 - Occupant Classification System (OCS) Fault
            • Pinpoint Test F: DTC B2292 - Restraint System - Seatbelt Pretensioner Fault
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test F: DTC B2292 - Restraint System - SEATBELT PRETENSIONER Fault
            • Pinpoint Test G: DTC B2293 - Restraint System - Air Bag Fault
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test G: DTC B2293 - Restraint System - Air Bag Fault
            • Pinpoint Test H: DTC B2296 - Restraint System - Impact Sensor Fault
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test H: DTC B2296 - Restraint System - Impact Sensor Fault
            • Pinpoint Test I: DTC B2434 - Drivers Seat Belt Buckle Switch Circuit Short to Ground
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test I: DTC B2434 - Drivers Seat Belt Buckle Switch Circuit Short To Ground
            • Pinpoint Test J: DTC B2435 - Drivers Seat Belt Buckle Switch Resistance Out of Range
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test J: DTC B2435 - Drivers Seat Belt Buckle Switch Resistance Out Of Range
            • Pinpoint Test K: DTC B2438 - Passengers Seat Belt Buckle Switch Short to Ground
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test K: DTC B2438 - Passengers Seat Belt Buckle Switch Short To Ground
            • Pinpoint Test L: DTC B2439 - Passengers Seat Belt Buckle Switch Resistance Out of Range
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test L: DTC B2439 - Passengers Seat Belt Buckle Switch Resistance Out Of Range
            • Pinpoint Test M: DTC B2691 - Seat Belt Buckle Switch Circuit Fault, Front Driver's Side
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test M: DTC B2691 - Seat Belt Buckle Switch Circuit Fault, Front Driver's Side
            • Pinpoint Test N: DTC B2692 - Front Passenger's Seat Belt Buckle Switch Circuit Fault
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test N: DTC B2692 - Front Passenger's Seat Belt Buckle Switch Circuit Fault
            • Pinpoint Test O: DTC B2792 - Cross Link Between Firing Loops
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test O: DTC B2792 - Cross Link Between Firing Loops Fault
            • Pinpoint Test P: DTC B2909 - Belt Tension Sensor Fault
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test P: DTC B2909 - Belt Tension Sensor Fault
            • Pinpoint Test Q: DTC C1946 - Front Driver's Seat Track Position Switch Circuit Open
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test Q: DTC C1946 - Front Driver's Seat Track Position Switch Circuit Open
            • Pinpoint Test R: DTC C1947 - Front Driver's Seat Track Position Switch Circuit Short to Ground
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test R: DTC C1947 - Front Driver's Seat Track Position Switch Circuit Short To Ground
            • Pinpoint Test S: DTC C1948 - Front Driver's Seat Track Position Switch Circuit Resistance Out of Range
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test S: DTC C1948 - Front Driver's Seat Track Position Switch Circuit Resistance Out Of Range
            • Pinpoint Test T: DTC C1981 - Front Driver's Seat Track Position Switch Circuit Fault
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test T: DTC C1981 - Front Driver's Seat Track Position Switch Circuit Fault
            • Pinpoint Test U: DTC B1342 - ECU (OCSM) is Faulted
              • Notes
              • Normal Operation
              • Pinpoint Test U: DTC B1342 - Ecu Is Faulted (OCS)
      • General Procedures
        • Supplemental Restraint System (SRS) Depowering and Repowering
          • Notes
          • Depowering Procedure
          • Repowering Procedure
        • Supplemental Restraint System (SRS) Deactivation and Reactivation
          • Notes
          • Deactivation Procedure
          • Reactivation Procedure
        • Inspection and Repair After a Supplemental Restraint System (SRS) Deployment
        • Pyrotechnic Device Disposal
          • Disposal of Deployable Devices and Pyrotechnic Devices That are Undeployed/Inoperative
          • Disposal of Deployable Devices and Pyrotechnic Devices That Are Deployed
          • Disposal of Deployable Devices and Pyrotechnic Devices That Require Manual Deployment
          • Driver Air Bag Module, Passenger Air Bag Module and Seat Side Air Bag Modules - Remote Deployment
          • Safety Belt Buckle Pretensioners, Safety Belt Retractor Pretensioners and Adaptive Load Limiting Safety Belt Retractors - Remote Deployment
          • Safety Belt Buckle Pretensioners, Safety Belt Retractor Pretensioners and Load Limiting Safety Belt Retractors - In-Vehicle Deployment
          • Safety Canopy Modules and Side Air Curtain Modules - In-Vehicle Deployment
          • Deployable Steering Column - In-Vehicle Deployment
      • Removal And Installation
        • Clockspring
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Driver Air Bag Module
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
          • Installation
        • Front Impact Severity Sensor
        • Occupant Classification Sensor
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
          • Installation
        • Passenger Air Bag Deactivation (PAD) Indicator
        • Passenger Air Bag Module
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Restraints Control Module (RCM)
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
          • Installation
        • Seat Position Sensor
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
  • Restraints Control Systems
    • Safety Belt System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Safety Belt System
          • Notes
          • Safety Belt, Lap/Shoulder
          • Dual Locking Mode Retractors
          • Four-Door, SuperCab
          • Energy Management Retractor
          • Belt Tension Sensor (BTS)
          • Safety Belt Buckle & Pretensioner
          • Safety Belt Extension Assembly
          • Attaching Safety Seats with Tether Straps
          • Child Safety Seat Tether Anchor
          • Warning System - Driver Safety Belt
          • Safety Belt Warning Indicator & Chime
          • Belt-Minder®
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Safety Belt System
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Component Test
      • General Procedures
        • Safety Belt Cleaning
        • Safety Belt Maintenance
        • Safety Belt Shoulder Height Adjuster With Stripped Weld Nuts
        • Safety Belt Procedure After a Collision
        • Safety Belt Tongue Rotated on Belt
      • Removal & Installation
        • Safety Belt Retractor - Front
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Safety Belt Retractor - Front, 4-Door, SuperCab
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Safety Belt - Front, Center
          • Notes
          • Removal
        • Safety Belt - Rear, 2-Door, SuperCab
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Safety Belt - Rear, 4-Door, SuperCab
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Safety Belt Shoulder Height Adjuster
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Safety Belt Shoulder Height Adjuster - 4-Door, SuperCab
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Safety Belt Buckle & Pretensioner - 60 Percent
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Safety Belt Buckle & Pretensioner - 40 Percent
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Safety Belt Buckle - Front, Center
          • Notes
          • Removal
        • Safety Belt Buckle - Rear, 2-Door, SuperCab
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Safety Belt Buckle - Rear, 4-Door, SuperCab
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
  • Seat Belts
    • Safety Belt System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Safety Belt System
          • Notes
          • Safety Belt, Lap/Shoulder
          • Dual Locking Mode Retractors
          • Four-Door, SuperCab
          • Energy Management Retractor
          • Belt Tension Sensor (BTS)
          • Safety Belt Buckle & Pretensioner
          • Safety Belt Extension Assembly
          • Attaching Safety Seats with Tether Straps
          • Child Safety Seat Tether Anchor
          • Warning System - Driver Safety Belt
          • Safety Belt Warning Indicator & Chime
          • Belt-Minder®
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Safety Belt System
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Component Test
      • General Procedures
        • Safety Belt Cleaning
        • Safety Belt Maintenance
        • Safety Belt Shoulder Height Adjuster With Stripped Weld Nuts
        • Safety Belt Procedure After a Collision
        • Safety Belt Tongue Rotated on Belt
      • Removal & Installation
        • Safety Belt Retractor - Front
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Safety Belt Retractor - Front, 4-Door, SuperCab
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Safety Belt - Front, Center
          • Notes
          • Removal
        • Safety Belt - Rear, 2-Door, SuperCab
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Safety Belt - Rear, 4-Door, SuperCab
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Safety Belt Shoulder Height Adjuster
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Safety Belt Shoulder Height Adjuster - 4-Door, SuperCab
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Safety Belt Buckle & Pretensioner - 60 Percent
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Safety Belt Buckle & Pretensioner - 40 Percent
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Safety Belt Buckle - Front, Center
          • Notes
          • Removal
        • Safety Belt Buckle - Rear, 2-Door, SuperCab
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Safety Belt Buckle - Rear, 4-Door, SuperCab
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
• Steering
  • Manual Steering
    • Power Steering System
      • Specifications
        • Material Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Power Steering
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Power Steering
      • Removal & Installation
        • Power Steering Fluid Reservoir - 2.3L & 4.0L
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Power Steering Fluid Reservoir - 3.0L
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Power Steering Pump - 2.3L
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Power Steering Pump - 3.0L
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Power Steering Pump - 4.0L
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Power Steering Pump Pulley - 2.3L
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Power Steering Pump Pulley - 3.0L, 4.0L
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Inner Tie Rod
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Power Steering Fluid Cooler
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Steering Gear - Rear Wheel Drive (RWD)
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Steering Gear - Four Wheel Drive (4WD)
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • Steering System - General Information
      • Specifications
        • Material Specifications
        • General Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Steering System
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Steering System
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Symptom Chart - Steering System
          • Symptom Chart - NVH
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Steering Has Lack of Assist or Inconsistent Assist
            • Pinpoint Test B: Excessive Steering Wheel Play
            • Pinpoint Test C: Steering System Drift/Pull/Wander
          • Component Tests
            • Power Steering Fluid Leak Test
            • Steering Gear Valve Test
            • Steering Gear Grunt/Shudder Test
            • Steering Linkage Test
      • General Procedures
        • Power Steering System Flushing
        • Power Steering System Purging
        • Power Steering System Filling
  • Power Steering
    • Power Steering System
      • Specifications
        • Material Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Power Steering
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Power Steering
      • Removal & Installation
        • Power Steering Fluid Reservoir - 2.3L & 4.0L
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Power Steering Fluid Reservoir - 3.0L
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Power Steering Pump - 2.3L
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Power Steering Pump - 3.0L
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Power Steering Pump - 4.0L
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Power Steering Pump Pulley - 2.3L
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Power Steering Pump Pulley - 3.0L, 4.0L
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Inner Tie Rod
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Power Steering Fluid Cooler
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Steering Gear - Rear Wheel Drive (RWD)
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Steering Gear - Four Wheel Drive (4WD)
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • Steering System - General Information
      • Specifications
        • Material Specifications
        • General Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Steering System
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Steering System
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Symptom Chart - Steering System
          • Symptom Chart - NVH
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Steering Has Lack of Assist or Inconsistent Assist
            • Pinpoint Test B: Excessive Steering Wheel Play
            • Pinpoint Test C: Steering System Drift/Pull/Wander
          • Component Tests
            • Power Steering Fluid Leak Test
            • Steering Gear Valve Test
            • Steering Gear Grunt/Shudder Test
            • Steering Linkage Test
      • General Procedures
        • Power Steering System Flushing
        • Power Steering System Purging
        • Power Steering System Filling
  • Steering Column
    • Specifications
      • Material Specifications
      • Torque Specifications
    • Description & Operation
      • Steering Column
    • Diagnostic Tests
      • Steering Column
    • Removal & Installation
      • Steering Wheel
        • Notes
        • Removal & Installation
      • Steering Column
        • Notes
        • Removal & Installation
      • Steering Column Shaft
        • Notes
        • Removal & Installation
    • Disassembly & Assembly
      • Steering Column - Manual Transmission
        • Notes
        • Disassembly
        • Assembly
      • Steering Column - Automatic Transmission
        • Notes
        • Disassembly
        • Assembly
• Suspension
  • Front Suspension
    • Front Suspension - Rear Wheel Drive (RWD)
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Front Suspension
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Front Suspension
      • Removal & Installation
        • Ball Joint - Lower
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Lower Arm - Coil Spring Suspension
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Lower Arm - Torsion Bar Suspension
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Upper Arm
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Stabilizer Bar & Link
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Wheel Spindle
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Spring
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Torsion Bar
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Wheel Studs
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
    • Suspension System - General Information
      • Specifications
        • Alignment Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Wheel Alignment Angles
          • Notes
          • Camber
          • Caster
          • Toe
          • Incorrect Thrust Angle (Dogtracking)
          • Wander
          • Shimmy
          • Nibble
          • Poor Returnability/Sticky Steering
          • Drift/Pull
          • Poor Groove Feel
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Suspension System
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Symptom Chart - Suspension System
          • Symptom Chart - NVH
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Vehicle Drifts/Pulls
          • Component Tests
            • Ball Joint Inspection
      • General Procedures
        • Ride Height Measurement
          • Front Ride Height Measurement
          • Rear Ride Height Measurement
        • Camber & Caster Adjustment
        • Toe Adjustment
        • Suspension Design Height Setting
        • Lean Correction - Rear
  • Rear Suspension
    • Rear Suspension
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Rear Suspension
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Rear Suspension
      • Removal And Installation
        • Wheel Studs
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Spring
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
    • Suspension System - General Information
      • Specifications
        • Alignment Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Wheel Alignment Angles
          • Notes
          • Camber
          • Caster
          • Toe
          • Incorrect Thrust Angle (Dogtracking)
          • Wander
          • Shimmy
          • Nibble
          • Poor Returnability/Sticky Steering
          • Drift/Pull
          • Poor Groove Feel
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Suspension System
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Symptom Chart - Suspension System
          • Symptom Chart - NVH
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Vehicle Drifts/Pulls
          • Component Tests
            • Ball Joint Inspection
      • General Procedures
        • Ride Height Measurement
          • Front Ride Height Measurement
          • Rear Ride Height Measurement
        • Camber & Caster Adjustment
        • Toe Adjustment
        • Suspension Design Height Setting
        • Lean Correction - Rear
  • Wheel Alignment
    • Suspension System - General Information
      • Specifications
        • Alignment Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Wheel Alignment Angles
          • Notes
          • Camber
          • Caster
          • Toe
          • Incorrect Thrust Angle (Dogtracking)
          • Wander
          • Shimmy
          • Nibble
          • Poor Returnability/Sticky Steering
          • Drift/Pull
          • Poor Groove Feel
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Suspension System
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Symptom Chart - Suspension System
          • Symptom Chart - NVH
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Vehicle Drifts/Pulls
          • Component Tests
            • Ball Joint Inspection
      • General Procedures
        • Ride Height Measurement
          • Front Ride Height Measurement
          • Rear Ride Height Measurement
        • Camber & Caster Adjustment
        • Toe Adjustment
        • Suspension Design Height Setting
        • Lean Correction - Rear
  • Wheels & Tire System
    • Wheels & Tires
      • Specifications
        • Material Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Wheels & Tires
          • Safety Precautions
          • Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS)
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Wheels & Tires
          • Notes
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Symptom Chart - Tire Wear
          • Symptom Chart - NVH
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Notes
            • Pinpoint Test A: Inner Edge/Shoulder Wear
            • Pinpoint Test B: Outer Edge/Shoulder Wear
            • Pinpoint Test C: Diagonal Wear
          • Component Tests
            • Notes
            • Radial Runout
            • Lateral Runout
            • Match Mounting
        • Tire Pressure Monitoring System
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test E: TPMS Indicator ON Continuously and Message Center (if equipped) Displays LOW TIRE PRESSURE
            • Pinpoint Test F: SJB Will Not Enter Sensor Training Mode
            • Pinpoint Test G: TPMS Indicator FLASHES for 70 Seconds and Then Remains ON Solid When the Ignition Key is Turned to the ON Position and DTC B287A or B2872 is Present
            • Pinpoint Test H: DTC B106A - Pressure Sensor Range Bit Incorrect State
            • Pinpoint Test I: DTC B106B - Tire Pressure Sensor Low Battery
      • General Procedures
        • Wheel Leaks
        • Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) Sensor Training
        • Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) Sensor Activation
      • Removal & Installation
        • Wheel & Tire
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Disassembly & Assembly
        • Wheel & Tire
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
      • Disassembly & Assembly Of Subassemblies
        • Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) Sensor
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) Strap & Cradle
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
• Transmission
  • Clutch
    • Clutch Control System
      • Specifications
        • Material Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Clutch Controls
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Clutch Controls
      • Removal And Installation
        • Clutch Controls - Exploded View
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Clutch Pedal
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Clutch Master Cylinder and Reservoir
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Clutch Slave Cylinder
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • Clutch System
      • Specifications
        • Material Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Clutch
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Clutch
      • Removal And Installation
        • Clutch - Exploded View
          • Notes
          • Removal And Installation
        • Clutch Disc and Pressure Plate
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Pilot Bearing
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Flywheel Ring Gear
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • Manual Transmission And Clutch - General Information
      • Specifications
        • Material Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Manual Transmission & Clutch
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Manual Transmission & Clutch
          • Special Tools
          • Material
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Symptom Chart - Clutch Operation
          • Symptom Chart - Transmission Operation
          • Symptom Chart - NVH
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Clutch Slippage
            • Pinpoint Test B: Clutch Chatter or Shudder
            • Pinpoint Test C: Clutch Pedal Feels Spongy or Has Excessive Travel/Clutch Will Not Disengage
            • Pinpoint Test D: Clutch Drag, Also Hard to Shift
            • Pinpoint Test E: Clutch Pedal Pulsation
            • Pinpoint Test F: Clutch-Related Vibrations
            • Pinpoint Test G: Binding - Difficult Shift Lever Movement
            • Pinpoint Test H: Excessive Noise
      • General Procedures
        • Clutch Disc Check
        • Clutch Pressure Plate Check
        • Flywheel Housing Check
        • Flywheel Runout Check
        • Pilot Bearing Check
        • Clutch System Bleeding
  • Manual Trans
    • Manual Transmission
      • Specifications
        • Material Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Manual Transmission
          • Notes
          • Transmission Identification
          • Lubrication
          • Powerflow in Neutral
          • Powerflow in 1st Gear
          • Powerflow in 2nd Gear
          • Powerflow in 3rd Gear
          • Powerflow in 4th Gear
          • Powerflow in 5th Gear
          • Powerflow in Reverse Gear
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Manual Transmission
      • General Procedures
        • Transmission Draining & Filling
          • Material
          • Draining & Filling
      • In-Vehicle Servicing
        • Extension Housing
          • Material
          • Transmission Extension Housing Exploded View - With Torque Specifications (RWD)
          • Transmission Extension Housing Exploded View - With Torque Specifications (4WD)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Gearshift Lever & Boot
          • Gearshift Lever and Boot Exploded View
          • Removal & Installation
      • Removal
        • Transmission - Rear Wheel Drive (RWD)
          • Special Tools
          • Removal
        • Transmission - Four Wheel Drive (4WD)
          • Special Tools
          • Removal
      • Disassembly
        • Transmission
          • Special Tools
          • Disassembly
      • Disassembly & Assembly Of Subassemblies
        • Shift Control Housing
          • Special Tools
          • Transmission Shift Control Housing Exploded View
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Input Shaft Bearing
          • Special Tools
          • Transmission Input Shaft Bearing Exploded View
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Output Shaft & Bearing
          • Special Tools
          • Transmission Output Shaft and Bearing Exploded View
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Reverse Idler Gear
          • Transmission Reverse Idler Gear Exploded View
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Synchronizers
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
      • Assembly
        • Transmission
          • Special Tools
          • Material
          • Transmission Exploded View
          • Assembly
      • Installation
        • Transmission - Rear Wheel Drive (RWD)
          • Material
          • Installation
        • Transmission - Four Wheel Drive (4WD)
          • Material
          • Installation
    • Manual Transmission And Clutch - General Information
      • Specifications
        • Material Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Manual Transmission & Clutch
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Manual Transmission & Clutch
          • Special Tools
          • Material
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Symptom Chart - Clutch Operation
          • Symptom Chart - Transmission Operation
          • Symptom Chart - NVH
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Clutch Slippage
            • Pinpoint Test B: Clutch Chatter or Shudder
            • Pinpoint Test C: Clutch Pedal Feels Spongy or Has Excessive Travel/Clutch Will Not Disengage
            • Pinpoint Test D: Clutch Drag, Also Hard to Shift
            • Pinpoint Test E: Clutch Pedal Pulsation
            • Pinpoint Test F: Clutch-Related Vibrations
            • Pinpoint Test G: Binding - Difficult Shift Lever Movement
            • Pinpoint Test H: Excessive Noise
      • General Procedures
        • Clutch Disc Check
        • Clutch Pressure Plate Check
        • Flywheel Housing Check
        • Flywheel Runout Check
        • Pilot Bearing Check
        • Clutch System Bleeding
• External Pages