Repair and Diagnosis (Single Page)

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• Quick Lookups
  • Common Specs & Procedures
    • Specifications Index
  • DTC Index
    • Air Bag Restraint Systems DTCS
    • Anti-Lock Brakes DTCS
    • Anti-Theft Systems (Passive) DTCS
      • Passive Anti-Theft System (Pats) - Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTC) List
    • Automatic Transmission Electronic Controls Diagnosis DTCS
    • Evaporative Emissions DTCS
    • Handles, Locks, Latches And Entry Systems
    • Horn
    • Instrument Panels DTCS
      • Instrument Cluster Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) List
      • Instrument Panel Restraint Control Module (RCM) Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) List
      • Four Wheel Drive (4WD) Control Module Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) List
    • Power Windows (Glass, Frames And Mechanisms)
    • Lighting Systems
      • Exterior Lighting Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) List (A0027635)
      • Interior Lighting Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) List
    • Self-Diagnostics DTCS
    • Steering Column Switches DTCS
    • Warning Devices
    • Wiper/Washer Systems DTCS
    • Transfer Case
  • Electrical Component Locations
    • Diagnostic Connector (DLC) Locations
      • Domestic Cars
        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
      • Domestic Light Trucks & Vans
        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
        • Ford Motor Co.
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        • PORSCHE
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        • Rolls-ROYCE
        • SAAB
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        • SUZUKI
        • TOYOTA
        • VOLKSWAGEN
        • VOLVO
    • Electrical Component Locator
      • Buzzers, Relays & Timers
      • Circuit Protection Devices
      • Control Units
      • Motors
      • Sending Units & Sensors
      • Solenoids & Solenoid Valves
      • Switches
      • Miscellaneous
      • Connectors
      • Grounds
      • Splices
      • Component Location Graphics
  • Fluids
  • Technical Bulletins
    • Campaigns
    • Safety Recalls
    • Technical Service Bulletins
  • Tire Fitment
  • Wiring Diagrams
    • OEM Connector End Views
      • Connector End Views
        • A/C Clutch Field Coil Connector End View (C100)
        • Crankshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C101)
        • Generator Connector End View (C102a)
        • Generator Connector End View (C102b)
        • Generator Connector End View (C102c)
        • Oil Pressure Switch Connector End View (C103)
        • Cylinder-Head Temperature Sensor Connector End View (C107)
        • Knock Sensor Connector End View (C108)
        • Knock Sensor Connector End View (C109)
        • Inline Connector End View (C110)
        • Speed Control Servo Connector End View (C122)
        • Brake Fluid Level Switch Connector End View (C124)
        • Windshield Wiper Motor Connector End View (C125)
        • Mass Air Flow (MAF) Sensor Connector End View (C128)
        • Horn Connector End View (C131)
        • ABS Control Module Connector End View (C135)
        • Windshield Washer Pump Motor Connector End View (C137)
        • Inline Connector End View (C139)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #22 Connector End View (C141)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #12 Connector End View (C142)
        • Inline Connector End View (C144)
        • Wheel Speed Sensor, Left Front Connector End View (C150)
        • Fog Lamp, Left Front Connector End View (C152)
        • Wheel Speed Sensor, Right Front Connector End View (C160)
        • Fog Lamp, Right Front Connector End View (C162)
        • Intermediate Shaft Speed (ISS) Sensor Connector End View (C164)
        • Digital Transmission Range (DTR) Sensor Connector End View (C167)
        • 5R44E Transmission Connector End View (C168)
        • Reversing Lamps Switch Connector End View (C169)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #11 Connector End View (C171)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #21 Connector End View (C172)
        • Ignition Transformer Capacitor 1 Connector End View (C174)
        • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector End View (C175) (1 Of 3)
        • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector End View (C175) (2 Of 3)
        • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector End View (C175) (3 Of 3)
        • EGR Pressure Transducer Connector End View (C178)
        • Camshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C180)
        • Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) Connector End View (C189)
        • Positive Crankcase Ventilation Heater Connector End View (C190)
        • Output Shaft Speed (OSS) Sensor Connector End View (C193)
        • Starter Motor Connector End View (C197a)
        • Starter Motor Connector End View (C197b)
        • 5R55E Transmission Connector End View (C199)
        • Multifunction Switch Connector End View (C202a)
        • Multifunction Switch Connector End View (C202b)
        • Main Light Switch Connector End View (C205)
        • Instrument Panel Dimming Module Connector End View (C206)
        • Inline Connector End View (C210)
        • Inline Connector End View (C211)
        • Inline Connector End View (C212)
        • Inline Connector End View (C213)
        • Inline Connector End View (C215)
        • Air Bag Sliding Contact Connector End View (C218a)
        • Air Bag Sliding Contact Connector End View (C218b)
        • Inline Connector End View (C219)
        • Instrument Cluster Connector End View (C220a)
        • Instrument Cluster, Connector End View (C220b)
        • Inline Connector End View (C237)
        • Inline Connector End View (C238)
        • Fog Lamp Switch Connector End View (C240)
        • Inline Connector End View (C248)
        • Ignition Switch Connector End View (C250)
        • Data Link Connector (DLC) Connector End View (C251)
        • Passenger Air Bag Module Connector End View (C256)
        • Clutch Pedal Position Switch Connector End View (C257)
        • Brake Pedal Position Switch Connector End View (C278)
        • Transmission Control Switch Connector End View (C279)
        • Four-Wheel Drive Control Module Connector End View (C281a)
        • Four-Wheel Drive Control Module Connector End View (C281b)
        • Inertia Fuel Shutoff (IFS) Switch Connector End View (C282)
        • Four-Wheel Drive Switch Connector End View (C284)
        • Blend Door Actuator Connector End View (C289)
        • Audio Unit Connector End View (C290a)
        • Audio Unit Connector End View (C290b)
        • Function Selector Switch Assembly, Front Connector End View (C294a)
        • Function Selector Switch Assembly, Front Connector End View (C294b)
        • Function Selector Switch Assembly, Front Connector End View (C294c)
        • Function Selector Switch Assembly, Front Connector End View (C294d)
        • Passenger Safety Belt Retractor Pretensioner Connector End View (C303)
        • Inline Connector End View (C311)
        • Inline Connector End View (C312)
        • Inline Connector End View (C313)
        • Inline Connector End View (C314)
        • Gearmotor Encoder Assembly Connector End View (C350)
        • Park/Stop/Turn Lamp, Left Rear Connector End View (C412)
        • Park/Stop/Turn Lamp, Right Rear Connector End View (C415)
        • Inline Connector End View (C421)
        • Fuel Tank Pressure Transducer Sensor Connector End View (C435)
        • Trailer Tow Connector End View (C439)
        • Evaporative Emission (EVAP) Canister Vent Valve Connector End View (C450)
        • Reversing Lamp, Left Connector End View (C451)
        • License Plate Lamp, Left Connector End View (C454)
        • Rear Axle Speed Sensor Connector End View (C455)
        • Reversing Lamp, Right Connector End View (C461)
        • License Plate Lamp, Right Connector End View (C464)
        • Master Window Adjust Switch Connector End View (C504)
        • Door Lock Switch, Driver Side Connector End View (C505)
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror, Left Connector End View (C522)
        • Speaker, Left Front Connector End View (C523)
        • Power Window Motor, Driver Side Front Connector End View (C524)
        • Door Lock Actuator, Left Front Connector End View (C525)
        • Door Ajar Switch, Left Front Connector End View (C526)
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror Switch Connector End View (C527)
        • Door Ajar Switch, Right Front Connector End View (C602)
        • Door Lock Actuator, Right Front Connector End View (C603)
        • Window Adjust Switch, Passenger Side Connector End View (C604)
        • Door Lock Switch, Passenger Side Connector End View (C605)
        • Power Window Motor, Passenger Side Front Connector End View (C608)
        • Speaker, Right Front Connector End View (C612)
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror, Right Connector End View (C622)
        • Speaker, Left Rear Connector End View (C702)
        • Inline Connector End View (C710)
        • Door Ajar Switch, Driver Side Rear Connector End View (C715)
        • Speaker, Right Rear Connector End View (C802)
        • Inline Connector End View (C810)
        • Door Ajar Switch, Passenger Side Rear Connector End View (C820)
        • High Mounted Stoplamp Connector End View (C904)
        • Interior/Map Lamps Assembly, Front Connector End View (C931a)
        • Interior/Map Lamps Assembly, Front Connector End View (C931b)
        • Wiper High/Low Relay Connector End View (C1001)
        • Wiper Run/Park Relay Connector End View (C1002)
        • Windshield Washer Relay Connector End View (C1004)
        • Fog Lamp Relay Connector End View (C1007)
        • A/C Clutch Relay Connector End View (C1008)
        • Blower Motor Relay Connector End View (C1011)
        • PCM Power Relay Connector End View (C1016)
        • Starter Relay Connector End View (C1017)
        • Headlamp, Left Connector End View (C1021)
        • Park/Turn Lamp, Left Front Connector End View (C1023)
        • Deactivator Switch Connector End View (C1025)
        • EVAP Canister Purge Valve Connector End View (C1029)
        • Heater Blower Motor Connector End View (C1031)
        • Heater Blower Motor Resistor, Front Connector End View (C1032)
        • Battery Junction Box (BJB) Connector End View (C1035)
        • Headlamp, Right Connector End View (C1041)
        • Park/Turn Lamp, Right Front Connector End View (C1043)
        • Engine Cooling Fan Motor Connector End View (C1048)
        • Fuel Pump Relay Connector End View (C1051)
        • Engine Cooling Fan Relay Connector End View (C1055)
        • Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sender Connector End View (C1061)
        • Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor Connector End View (C1064)
        • Ignition Coil Connector End View (C1065)
        • Idle Air Control (IAC) Valve Connector End View (C1066)
        • A/C High Pressure Switch Connector End View (C1078)
        • A/C Compressor Cycling Switch Connector End View (C1081)
        • Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP) Sensor Connector End View (C1087)
        • Battery Connector End View (C1100a)
        • Battery Connector End View (C1100b)
        • Output Shaft Speed (OSS) Sensor Connector End View (C1107)
        • Crankshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C1120)
        • Power Steering Pressure Switch Connector End View (C1121)
        • Side Lamp, Right Front Connector End View (C1126)
        • Side Lamp, Left Front Connector End View (C1127)
        • Ignition Coil Connector End View (C1134)
        • Ignition Coil Connector End View (C1136)
        • EGR Stepper Motor Connector End View (C1160)
        • Camshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C1180)
        • Fuel Injector 1 Connector End View (C1181)
        • Fuel Injector 2 Connector End View (C1182)
        • Fuel Injector 3 Connector End View (C1183)
        • Fuel Injector 4 Connector End View (C1184)
        • Fuel Injector 5 Connector End View (C1185)
        • Fuel Injector 6 Connector End View (C1186)
        • Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) Connector End View (C1189)
        • EGR Valve Actuator Connector End View (C1389)
        • Brake Shift Interlock Connector End View (C2008)
        • Parking Brake Switch Connector End View (C2015)
        • Cigar Lighter, Front Connector End View (C2031a)
        • Cigar Lighter, Front Connector End View (C2031b)
        • Power Point Connector End View (C2033)
        • Restraints Control Module Connector End View (C2041)
        • Indicator Flasher Relay Connector End View (C2047)
        • Accessory Relay Connector End View (C2050)
        • One-Touch Window Relay Connector End View (C2051)
        • Passive Anti-Theft Transceiver Connector End View (C2097)
        • Passenger Air Bag Deactivation (PAD) Switch Connector End View (C2099)
        • Inline Connector End View (C2104)
        • Smart Junction Box (SJB) Connector End View (C2280a)
        • Smart Junction Box (SJB) Connector End View (C2280b)
        • Smart Junction Box (SJB) Connector End View (C2280c)
        • Smart Junction Box (SJB) Connector End View (C2280d)
        • Subwoofer Amplifier Connector End View (C2982a)
        • Subwoofer Amplifier Connector End View (C2982b)
        • Driver Safety Belt Retractor Pretensioner Connector End View (C3014)
        • Subwoofer Connector End View (C3020)
        • Radio Amplifier Connector End View (C3154a)
        • Radio Amplifier Connector End View (C3154b)
        • Fuel Tank Unit Connector End View (C4033)
    • System Wiring Diagrams
      • Using lemon2025'S Wiring Diagrams
      • Air Conditioning
      • Anti-Lock Brakes
      • Anti-Theft
      • Computer Data Lines
      • Cooling Fan
        • 2.3L
      • Cruise Control
      • Engine Performance
        • 2.3L
        • 3.0L
        • 4.0L
      • Exterior Lights
      • Ground Distribution
      • Headlights
      • Horn
      • Instrument Cluster
      • Interior Lights
      • Power Distribution
      • Power Door Locks
      • Power Mirrors
      • Power Windows
      • Radio
      • Shift Interlock
      • Starting/Charging
      • Supplemental Restraints
      • Transmission
        • 2.3L
        • 3.0L
        • 4.0L
      • Warning Systems
      • Wiper/Washer
    • Using lemon2025'S System Wiring Diagrams
      • Introduction
      • Wiring Diagram Features And Controls
      • Wiring Diagram Color Abbreviations
      • Wiring Diagram Symbols
      • Wiring Diagram Ground Number Locations
      • Wiring Diagram Component Locations
• Accessories & Equipment
  • Accessories Control Systems
    • Component Testing
      • Introduction
      • Component Testing
        • Headlamp switch, Exterior lamps
        • Instrument panel dimming module
          • Notes
          • Component testing procedure (voltage applied)
        • Ignition switch (11572)
        • Multifunction Switch, Wiper/Washer Portion
        • Multifunction Switch, Lamp Portion
        • Multifunction Switch, Turn Portion
        • Master window adjust switch
        • Power Window Switch, Passenger Door
        • Exterior rear view mirror switch (17B676)
        • Door lock switch, Driver side
        • Door lock switch, Passenger side
        • Relay-Mini ISO
          • Notes
          • Component testing procedure (voltage applied)
        • Relay - Micro ISO
          • Notes
          • Component testing procedure (voltage applied)
  • Anti-Theft Systems
    • Anti-Theft System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Anti-Theft - Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS)
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Anti -Theft - Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS)
        • Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS) - Inspection and Verification
        • Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS) - Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTC) Index
        • Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS) - Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTC) Descriptions
        • Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS) - Symptom Chart
        • Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS) - Pinpoint Tests
          • Pinpoint Test A: No Antenna Detected
          • Pinpoint Test B: Pats Ignition Key Transponder Signal Is Not Received
          • Pinpoint Test C: Pats Received Incorrect Key-Code From Ignition Key Transponder
          • Pinpoint Test D: Pats Received Invalid Format Of Key-Code From Ignition Key Transponder
          • Pinpoint Test E: Pats Transceiver Module Signal Is Not Received
          • Pinpoint Test F: Anti-Theft Number Of Programmed Keys Is Below Minimum
          • Pinpoint Test G: The Anti-Theft Indicator Is Always/Never On
          • Pinpoint Test H: The Vehicle Does Not Start
      • General Procedures
        • Key Programming Using Two Programmed Keys
        • Key Programming Using Diagnostic Equipment
        • Key Programming Switch State Control
        • Key Programming-Unlimited Key Mode
          • Enabling Unlimited Key Mode
          • Disabling Unlimited Key Mode
        • Spare Key Programming
        • Anti -Theft Security Access
      • Removal And Installation
        • Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS) Transceiver
          • Removal
    • Handles, Locks, Latches And Entry Systems
      • Specifications
        • Lock Repair/Replacement Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Handles, Locks, Latches and Entry Systems
          • Notes
          • Keyless Entry
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Locks, Latches and Entry Systems
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
            • Power Door Locks
            • Keyless Entry
            • Inspection and Verification
          • Smart Junction Box (SJB) Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: All Door Locks Are Inoperative From One Switch
            • Pinpoint Test B: All Door Locks Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test C: A Single Door Lock Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Doors Do Not Lock/Unlock Using The Remote Transmitter
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Remote Keyless Entry Transmitter Is Out Of Synchronization
            • Pinpoint Test F: Panic Feature Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Remote Transmitter Has Poor Range Performance
      • General Procedure
        • Latch Adjustment - Hood
        • Remote Transmitter Programming
      • Removal And Installation
        • Door Ajar Switch
          • Removal and Installation
        • Door Ajar Switch - Four-Door, SuperCab
          • Removal and Installation
        • Door Lock Actuator
          • Removal and Installation
        • Door Lock Cylinder
          • Removal and Installation
        • Exterior Rear Door Handle
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Front Door Latch
          • Removal and Installation
        • Hood Latch
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Hood Latch Release Handle
          • Removal and Installation
        • Ignition Lock Cylinder - Functional
          • Removal and Installation
        • Ignition Lock Cylinder - Non Functional
          • Removal and Installation
        • Interior Door Handle
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Rear Door Latch - Upper
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Rear Door Latch - Lower
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Tailgate Latch
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Tailgate Latch Remote Control
          • Removal
        • Tailgate Release Handle
          • Removal and Installation
    • Passive Anti-Theft System Job Aid
      • Passive Anti-Theft System (Pats) Specifications
        • Ford System (Pats) Specifications
        • LINCOLN System (Pats) Specifications
        • Mercury System (Pats) Specifications
      • Pats Key Types
      • Diagnostic Trouble Codes
      • Non-Pats Issues
      • Things To Do:
      • Things Not To Do:
      • Programming Procedures
        • Notes
        • Key Programming Using Diagnostic Tools
          • Procedure #1
          • Procedure #2
          • Procedure #3
        • Spare Key Programming Using Diagnostic Tools
          • Procedure #4
        • Spare Key Programming Using Programmed Keys
          • Procedure #5
          • Procedure #6
        • Replacing Pats Control Module Or Pcm
          • Procedure #7
          • Procedure #8
    • Remote Keyless Entry System [Transmitter Programming Procedures]
      • Programming Methods & Transmitter Types
        • Programming Method And Transmitter Type Application
        • Transmitter Type Identification
        • Programming Methods
          • Programming Method A
          • Programming Method D
          • Programming Method I
          • Programming Method K
          • Programming Method L
          • Programming Method M
          • Programming Method N
          • Programming Method O
      • Helpful Hints
        • Remote Entry Programming Procedure
        • Poor Operating Range Performance
        • Miscellaneous
  • Communication Devices
    • Module Communications Network System
      • Description And Operation
        • Communications Network
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Communications Network
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
            • Notes
            • Smart Junction Box (SJB)
            • Powertrain Control Module (PCM)
            • Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS)
            • Restraints Control Module (RCM)
            • Instrument Cluster
            • Anti-Lock Brake System (ABS) Control Module
            • 4-Wheel Drive (4WD) Control Module
          • Inspection and Verification
          • System Precheck
            • Pinpoint Test Pc: Data Link Diagnostics Test
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Smart Junction Box (SJB) Does Not Respond To The Diagnostic Tool
            • Pinpoint Test B: Restraint Control Module (RCM) Does Not Respond To The Diagnostic Tool
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Anti -Lock Brake System (Abs) Control Module Does Not Respond To The Diagnostic Tool
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Four Wheel Drive (4WD) Control Module Does Not Respond To The Diagnostic Tool
            • Pinpoint Test E: No Controller Area Network (Can) Communication
            • Pinpoint Test F: No Standard Corporate Protocol (SCP) Module/Network Communication
            • Pinpoint Test G: No International Standards Organization (ISO) 9141 Network Communication
            • Pinpoint Test H: No Module/Network Communication - No Power To The Diagnostic Tool
    • Module Configuration System
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Module Configuration
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
            • Definition of Terms
          • Programmable Module Installation (PMI)
          • Calibration Update
          • Programmable Parameters
          • Vehicle Identification (VID) Block
          • As-Built Data Center
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Configurable Modules
          • Programmable Parameters Index
      • General Procedures
        • Programmable Module Installation
          • Using The New Generation STAR (NGS) Tester When The Original Body Chassis Electrical Module Is Not Available
          • Step A
          • Step B
          • Using The New Generation STAR (NGS) Tester When The Original Body Chassis Electrical Module Is Available
          • Using The Worldwide Diagnostic System (WDS) When The Original Body Chassis Electrical Module Is Not Available
          • Using The Worldwide Diagnostic System (WDS) When The Original Body Chassis Electrical Module Is Available
    • MULTIFUNCTION Electronic Control Modules System
      • Description And Operation
        • Module Controlled Functions
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Chart
        • Smart Junction Box (SJB)
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Smart Junction Box (SJB) Does Not Respond To The Diagnostic Tool
      • Removal And Installation
        • Smart Junction Box (SJB)
          • Removal and Installation
  • Cruise Control Systems
    • Specifications
      • Torque Specifications
    • Description And Operation
      • Speed Control
    • Diagnosis And Testing
      • Speed Control
        • Notes
        • Principles of Operation
        • Inspection and Verification
          • Notes
          • Self-Test Diagnostics
        • Symptom Chart
        • Pinpoint Tests
          • Pinpoint Test A: The Speed Control Is Inoperative - No Flash Codes
          • Pinpoint Test B: The Set Speed Fluctuates
          • Pinpoint Test C: The Speed Control Does Not Disengage When The Brakes Are Applied
          • Pinpoint Test D: The Speed Control Does Not Disengage When The Clutch Is Applied
          • Pinpoint Test E: The Speed Control Switch Is Inoperative
          • Pinpoint Test F: The Speed Control Is Inoperative - Flash With Last Switch Pressed, But No Dynamic Pull Occurs At The Throttle
          • Pinpoint Test G: Flash Code 2 - Brake Pedal Position (BPP) Switch Circuit Failure
          • Pinpoint Test H: Flash Code 3 - DEACTIVATOR Switch Circuit Failure
          • Pinpoint Test I: The Speed Control Indicator Lamp Is Always On
          • Pinpoint Test J: Flash Code 4 - Speed Signal Circuit Failure
    • Removal And Installation
      • Speed Control Cable
        • Removal and Installation
      • Speed Control Actuator
        • Removal and Installation
      • Speed Control Switch
        • Removal and Installation
      • Speed Control Deactivator Switch
        • Removal and Installation
  • Entertainment Systems
    • Antenna System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Antenna
          • Notes
          • Antenna
      • Removal And Installation
        • Cable - One Piece
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Cable - Two Piece
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • Audio Unit System
      • Description And Operation
        • Audio System
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Audio System
      • Removal And Installation
        • Audio Unit
        • Subwoofer Amplifier
          • Removal and Installation
    • Entertainment System - General Information
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Audio System
          • Notes
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Audio Unit Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test B: Poor Reception
            • Pinpoint Test C: Continuous Seek/Scan In Am/Fm
            • Pinpoint Test D: Poor Quality/No Sound From One Or More Speakers (Not All Speakers)
            • Pinpoint Test E: Poor Quality/No Sound From All Speakers
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Subwoofer Is Inoperative - CDX6 Audiophile
            • Pinpoint Test G: Loud Popping Sound When Cycling The Ignition Switch - CDX6 Audiophile
            • Pinpoint Test H: Loud Popping Sound When Cycling The Ignition Switch - Tremor
    • Speaker System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Speakers
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Speakers
      • Removal And Installation
        • Speaker - Door Mounted
          • Removal and Installation
        • Speaker Enclosure - Subwoofer
          • Removal and Installation
  • Exterior Lights
    • Exterior Lighting System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Exterior Lighting
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Headlamps
          • Notes
          • Inspection and Verification
            • Notes
            • Smart Junction Box (SJB) Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Both Headlamps Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Low Beams Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test C: The High Beams Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Headlamps Are On Continuously
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Flash-To-Pass Feature Is Inoperative
        • Stoplamps
          • Notes
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test F: The STOPLAMPS Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test G: One Or More STOPLAMPS Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test H: The STOPLAMPS Are On Continuously
        • Turn Signal and Hazard Lamps
          • Notes
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test I: The Turn Signal Lamps Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test J: One Turn Signal/Hazard Lamp Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test K: One Turn Signal/Hazard Lamp Is Always On
            • Pinpoint Test L: The Hazard Lamps Are Inoperative
        • Parking, Rear and License Lamps
          • Notes
          • Inspection and Verification
            • Notes
            • Smart Junction Box (SJB) Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test M: The Exterior Lamps Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test N: The Exterior Lamps Are Always On
            • Pinpoint Test O: One Or More Parking, Rear Or License Lamps Is Inoperative
        • Fog Lamps
          • Notes
          • Inspection and Verification
            • Notes
            • Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test P: The Fog Lamps Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test Q: The Fog Lamps Are On Continuously
        • Reversing Lamps
          • Notes
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test R: The Reversing Lamps Are Inoperative
        • Trailer Lamps
          • Notes
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test S: The Trailer Lamps Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test T: The Individual Trailer Lamp Is Inoperative
      • General Procedures
        • Headlamp Adjustment
          • Headlamp Aiming
          • Photometric Aiming
          • Screen Method Aiming
          • Mechanical Aiming
      • Removal And Installation
        • Bulb - Headlamp
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Headlamp Assembly
          • Removal and Installation
        • Side Turn Signal Lamp - Bulb
          • Removal and Installation
        • Fog Lamp
        • Lamp Switch - Headlamp
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Lamp Switch - Fog
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Brake Pedal Position (BPP) Switch
          • Removal and Installation
  • Gauges & Instrument Panels
    • Instrument Cluster System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Instrument Cluster
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Instrument Cluster
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
            • Notes
            • Fuel Gauge
            • Water Temperature Indicator Gauge
            • Speedometer
            • Odometer
            • Trip Odometer
            • Tachometer
          • Warning Indicators
            • Brake Warning Indicator
            • Low Oil Pressure Warning Indicator
            • Charge System Warning Indicator
            • Check Engine/Malfunction Indicator (MIL) Lamp
            • Air Bag Warning Indicator
            • Safety Belt Warning Indicator
            • Low Fuel
            • Door Ajar
            • High Beam
            • Overdrive Off
            • Anti-Theft
            • Speed Control
            • Check Fuel Cap
            • 4x4 High/LOW
          • Inspection and Verification
            • Notes
            • Instrument Cluster Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
            • Smart Junction Box (SJB) Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
            • Restraint Control Module (RCM) Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
            • Four Wheel Drive (4WD) Control Module Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: No Communication With The Instrument Cluster
            • Pinpoint Test B: Incorrect Temperature Gauge Indication
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Low Oil Pressure Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test D: Inaccurate Speedometer Reading
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Speedometer/Odometer Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Tachometer Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Charge System Warning Indicator Is Never On
            • Pinpoint Test H: The Anti-Lock Brake System (Abs) Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test I: The Check Fuel Cap Warning Indicator Is Never On
            • Pinpoint Test J: The High Beam Indicator Is Never On
            • Pinpoint Test K: The Check Engine Warning Indicator Is Never On
            • Pinpoint Test L: The LH Turn Signal Indicator Is Never On
            • Pinpoint Test M: The RH Turn Signal Indicator Is Never On
            • Pinpoint Test N: The O/D Off Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test O: The Speed Control Indicator Is Never On
            • Pinpoint Test P: The Brake Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test Q: The Door Ajar Warning Indicator Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test R: The Safety Belt Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test S: The 4X4 And 4X4 Low Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test T: The Air Bag Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test U: Incorrect Fuel Gauge Indication
      • Removal And Installation
        • Instrument Cluster
          • Removal and Installation
        • Warning Indicator Bulb
          • Removal and Installation
        • Cluster Lens
          • Removal and Installation
    • Instrument Cluster System And Panel Illumination
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Instrument Cluster and Panel Illumination
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Instrument Cluster and Panel Illumination
          • Notes
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Control Illumination Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Instrument Cluster Illumination Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Climate Control Illumination Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Audio System Illumination Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test E: One Or More Illumination Source(S) Is Inoperative
      • Removal And Installation
        • Instrument Panel Dimmer Switch
          • Removal and Installation
        • Instrument Cluster Bulb
          • Removal and Installation
        • Bulb - Climate Control
          • Removal and Installation
    • Instrument Panel And Console
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Instrument Panel
          • Instrument Panel Components
        • Console - Floor
      • Removal And Installation
        • Instrument Panel
          • Notes
          • Removal
        • Console - Floor
          • Removal
          • Installation
  • Headlights
    • Daytime Running Lamp System
      • Description And Operation
        • Daytime Running Lamps (DRL)
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Daytime Running Lamps (DRL)
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
            • Daytime Running Lamps (DRL)
          • Inspection and Verification
            • Notes
            • Smart Junction Box (SJB) Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
    • Exterior Lighting System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Exterior Lighting
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Headlamps
          • Notes
          • Inspection and Verification
            • Notes
            • Smart Junction Box (SJB) Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Both Headlamps Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Low Beams Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test C: The High Beams Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Headlamps Are On Continuously
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Flash-To-Pass Feature Is Inoperative
        • Stoplamps
          • Notes
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test F: The STOPLAMPS Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test G: One Or More STOPLAMPS Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test H: The STOPLAMPS Are On Continuously
        • Turn Signal and Hazard Lamps
          • Notes
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test I: The Turn Signal Lamps Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test J: One Turn Signal/Hazard Lamp Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test K: One Turn Signal/Hazard Lamp Is Always On
            • Pinpoint Test L: The Hazard Lamps Are Inoperative
        • Parking, Rear and License Lamps
          • Notes
          • Inspection and Verification
            • Notes
            • Smart Junction Box (SJB) Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test M: The Exterior Lamps Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test N: The Exterior Lamps Are Always On
            • Pinpoint Test O: One Or More Parking, Rear Or License Lamps Is Inoperative
        • Fog Lamps
          • Notes
          • Inspection and Verification
            • Notes
            • Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test P: The Fog Lamps Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test Q: The Fog Lamps Are On Continuously
        • Reversing Lamps
          • Notes
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test R: The Reversing Lamps Are Inoperative
        • Trailer Lamps
          • Notes
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test S: The Trailer Lamps Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test T: The Individual Trailer Lamp Is Inoperative
      • General Procedures
        • Headlamp Adjustment
          • Headlamp Aiming
          • Photometric Aiming
          • Screen Method Aiming
          • Mechanical Aiming
      • Removal And Installation
        • Bulb - Headlamp
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Headlamp Assembly
          • Removal and Installation
        • Side Turn Signal Lamp - Bulb
          • Removal and Installation
        • Fog Lamp
        • Lamp Switch - Headlamp
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Lamp Switch - Fog
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Brake Pedal Position (BPP) Switch
          • Removal and Installation
  • Infotainment
    • Antenna System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Antenna
          • Notes
          • Antenna
      • Removal And Installation
        • Cable - One Piece
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Cable - Two Piece
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • Audio Unit System
      • Description And Operation
        • Audio System
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Audio System
      • Removal And Installation
        • Audio Unit
        • Subwoofer Amplifier
          • Removal and Installation
    • Entertainment System - General Information
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Audio System
          • Notes
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Audio Unit Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test B: Poor Reception
            • Pinpoint Test C: Continuous Seek/Scan In Am/Fm
            • Pinpoint Test D: Poor Quality/No Sound From One Or More Speakers (Not All Speakers)
            • Pinpoint Test E: Poor Quality/No Sound From All Speakers
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Subwoofer Is Inoperative - CDX6 Audiophile
            • Pinpoint Test G: Loud Popping Sound When Cycling The Ignition Switch - CDX6 Audiophile
            • Pinpoint Test H: Loud Popping Sound When Cycling The Ignition Switch - Tremor
    • Speaker System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Speakers
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Speakers
      • Removal And Installation
        • Speaker - Door Mounted
          • Removal and Installation
        • Speaker Enclosure - Subwoofer
          • Removal and Installation
  • Interior/Exterior Trim
    • Body System - General Information
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications Chart
      • Description And Operation
        • Body
        • Insulation
        • Body Sealer Types And Applications
          • HB Fuller E709
          • 3M Strip Caulk Black 051135-0857B
          • Weatherstrip Adhesive
          • Silicone Lubricant
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Body System
          • Inspection and Verification
            • Leaks
            • Noise
          • Symptom Chart
    • Exterior Trim And Ornamentation
      • Removal And Installation
        • Radiator Grille
          • Removal and Installation
    • Interior Trim And Ornamentation
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Interior Trim
          • Interior Trim Components - Regular Cab
          • Interior Trim Components - SuperCab, With Center-Facing Rear Seats
          • Interior Trim Components - SuperCab, Without Center-Facing Rear
        • Interior Trim - Four-Door, SuperCab
          • Interior Trim Components - SuperCab, Four-Door
      • Removal And Installation
        • Trim Panel - Front Door, Finish Panel
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Trim Panel - Front Door
          • Removal and Installation
        • Headliner
          • Removal and Installation
        • Headliner - Four-Door, SuperCab
          • Removal and Installation
        • Trim Panel - Quarter, Regular Cab
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Trim Panel - Quarter, SuperCab Without Center -Facing Rear Seat
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Trim Panel - Quarter, SuperCab With Center -Facing Rear Seat
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Trim Panel - Quarter, Rear, Four-Door, SuperCab
          • Removal and Installation
        • Trim Panel - Rear Door
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
  • Interior/Illumination Lights
    • Interior Lighting System
      • Description And Operation
        • Interior Lighting
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Interior Lighting
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
            • Interior Lighting
            • Illuminated Entry (option)
            • Demand Lamps
            • Interior Lighting Arbitrator
            • Battery Saver
          • Inspection and Verification
            • Notes
            • Smart Junction Box (SJB) Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Interior Lamps Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Interior Lamps Stay On Continuously
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Interior Lamps Do Not Turn On With One Door Open
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Illuminated Entry Is Inoperative When Using The Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) Transmitter
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Demand Lighting Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Battery Saver Does Not Deactivate After Timeout
  • Mirrors
    • Rear View Mirror System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Rear View Mirrors
          • Rear View Mirror Components
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Rear View Mirrors
          • Notes
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Test
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Mirrors Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: A Single Mirror Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test C: A Single Mirror Does Not Function With Switch Logic
          • Component Test
            • Switch - Outside Rear View Mirror Control
      • Removal And Installation
        • Exterior Mirror
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Interior Rear View Mirror
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Exterior Mirror Motor
        • Exterior Mirror Glass
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Switch - Outside Rear View Mirror
          • Removal
          • Installation
  • Seats
    • Seat System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Seats
          • Front Seats
          • Rear Seats
      • Removal And Installation
        • Front Seat
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Rear Seat - Center Facing
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Rear Seat - Four-Door, SuperCab
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Seat Armrest - 60 Percent Bench
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Front Seat Backrest - 60 Percent Bench
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Front Seat Backrest - Bucket and 40 Percent
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Seat Track - 60 Percent Bench
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Seat Track - Bucket and 40 Percent
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Front Seat Cushion - Bucket and 40 Percent
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Disassembly And Assembly
        • Front Seat Backrest - Bucket and 40 Percent
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Front Seat Backrest - 60 Percent Bench
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Rear Seat Backrest - Center Facing Rear
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Rear Seat Cushion - Center Facing Rear
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Front Seat Cushion - Bucket and 40 Percent
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Front Seat Cushion - 60 Percent Bench
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
  • Steering Column Switches
    • Horn System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Horn
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Horn
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection and Verification
            • Notes
            • Smart Junction Box (SJB) Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Horn Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Horn Is Always On
            • Pinpoint Test C: DTC B1217 And B1218 - Horn Relay Coil Circuit Failure (Vehicle Equipped With Remote Keyless Entry)
      • Removal And Installation
        • Horn
          • Removal and Installation
    • Steering Column Switches
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Steering Column Switches
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Steering Column Switches
          • Notes
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Smart Junction Box (SJB) Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Ignition Switch Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: No Power In Acc
            • Pinpoint Test C: No Power In Run
            • Pinpoint Test D: No Power In Start
          • Component Test
            • Ignition Switch
      • Removal And Installation
        • Steering Column Multifunction Switch
          • Removal and Installation
        • Ignition Switch
          • Removal and Installation
        • Key Release Interlock Actuator
          • Removal and Installation
        • Key Release Button
          • Removal and Installation
  • Warning Systems
    • Description And Operation
      • Warning Devices
    • Diagnosis And Testing
      • Warning Devices
        • Notes
        • Principles of Operation
          • Safety Belt Warning Chime
          • Belt Minder
          • Door Ajar Warning Chime
          • Headlamp On Warning Chime
          • Key-in-Ignition Warning Chime
          • Airbag Warning Chime
        • Inspection and Verification
          • Notes
          • Instrument Cluster Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
        • Symptom Chart
        • Pinpoint Tests
          • Notes
          • Pinpoint Test A: The Safety Belt Warning Chime Does Not Operate Correctly
          • Pinpoint Test B: The Key-In-Ignition Chime Does Not Operate Correctly
          • Pinpoint Test C: The Door Ajar Chime Does Not Operate Correctly
          • Pinpoint Test D: The Headlamp On Reminder Chime Does Not Operate Correctly
    • General Procedures
      • Belt Minder Deactivating/Activating
        • Preparation
        • Deactivating/Activating
    • Removal And Installation
      • Key-In-Ignition Warning Switch
        • Removal and Installation
  • Window Motors & Regulators
    • Windows And Glass
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Glass, Frames and Mechanisms
          • Ranger Glass Components
          • Quarter Glass
          • Back Window Glass
          • Windshield Glass
          • Front Door Glass
        • Glass, Frames and Mechanisms - Four-Door, SuperCab
          • Quarter Glass
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Glass, Frames and Mechanisms
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
            • Power Window Operation
            • Power Window Control
            • One Touch Down Relay
            • Smart Junction Box
          • Inspection and Verification
          • SJB Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: All Power Windows Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: Single Power Window Is Inoperative - Driver Power Window
            • Pinpoint Test C: Single Power Window Is Inoperative - Passenger Power Window
            • Pinpoint Test D: The One Touch Down Feature Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Delayed Accessory Relay Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Delayed Accessory Relay Does Not Turn Off
      • Removal And Installation
        • Switch - Window Regulator Control
          • Removal and Installation
        • Window Glass - Front Door
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Window Glass - Fixed Quarter
          • Removal and Installation
        • Window Glass - Fixed Quarter, Four-Door, SuperCab
          • Removal and Installation
        • Window Glass - Back
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Motor and Window Regulator
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Windshield Glass
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Door Glass Run Retainer - Center
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Door Glass Top Run
          • Removal and Installation
  • Wiper/Washer Systems
    • Wiper System & Washer System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Wipers and Washers
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Wipers and Washers
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
            • High Speed Windshield Wipers
            • Low Speed Windshield Wipers
            • Intermittent Speed Windshield Wipers
            • Washer System
            • Smart Junction Box
          • Inspection and Verification
          • SJB Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Wipers Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Wipers Stay On Continuously
            • Pinpoint Test C: The High/Low Wiper Speeds Do Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Intermittent Wiper Speed Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Wipers Will Not Park At The Correct Position
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Washer Pump Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Washer Pump Stays On Continuously
          • Component Test
            • Windshield Wiper Motor
      • Removal And Installation
        • Pivot Arm
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Mounting Arm and Pivot Shaft
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Motor - Windshield Wiper
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Washer Pump and Reservoir
          • Removal
          • Installation
• Body & Frame
  • Door Locks
    • Anti-Theft System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Anti-Theft - Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS)
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Anti -Theft - Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS)
        • Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS) - Inspection and Verification
        • Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS) - Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTC) Index
        • Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS) - Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTC) Descriptions
        • Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS) - Symptom Chart
        • Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS) - Pinpoint Tests
          • Pinpoint Test A: No Antenna Detected
          • Pinpoint Test B: Pats Ignition Key Transponder Signal Is Not Received
          • Pinpoint Test C: Pats Received Incorrect Key-Code From Ignition Key Transponder
          • Pinpoint Test D: Pats Received Invalid Format Of Key-Code From Ignition Key Transponder
          • Pinpoint Test E: Pats Transceiver Module Signal Is Not Received
          • Pinpoint Test F: Anti-Theft Number Of Programmed Keys Is Below Minimum
          • Pinpoint Test G: The Anti-Theft Indicator Is Always/Never On
          • Pinpoint Test H: The Vehicle Does Not Start
      • General Procedures
        • Key Programming Using Two Programmed Keys
        • Key Programming Using Diagnostic Equipment
        • Key Programming Switch State Control
        • Key Programming-Unlimited Key Mode
          • Enabling Unlimited Key Mode
          • Disabling Unlimited Key Mode
        • Spare Key Programming
        • Anti -Theft Security Access
      • Removal And Installation
        • Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS) Transceiver
          • Removal
    • Handles, Locks, Latches And Entry Systems
      • Specifications
        • Lock Repair/Replacement Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Handles, Locks, Latches and Entry Systems
          • Notes
          • Keyless Entry
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Locks, Latches and Entry Systems
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
            • Power Door Locks
            • Keyless Entry
            • Inspection and Verification
          • Smart Junction Box (SJB) Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: All Door Locks Are Inoperative From One Switch
            • Pinpoint Test B: All Door Locks Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test C: A Single Door Lock Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Doors Do Not Lock/Unlock Using The Remote Transmitter
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Remote Keyless Entry Transmitter Is Out Of Synchronization
            • Pinpoint Test F: Panic Feature Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Remote Transmitter Has Poor Range Performance
      • General Procedure
        • Latch Adjustment - Hood
        • Remote Transmitter Programming
      • Removal And Installation
        • Door Ajar Switch
          • Removal and Installation
        • Door Ajar Switch - Four-Door, SuperCab
          • Removal and Installation
        • Door Lock Actuator
          • Removal and Installation
        • Door Lock Cylinder
          • Removal and Installation
        • Exterior Rear Door Handle
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Front Door Latch
          • Removal and Installation
        • Hood Latch
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Hood Latch Release Handle
          • Removal and Installation
        • Ignition Lock Cylinder - Functional
          • Removal and Installation
        • Ignition Lock Cylinder - Non Functional
          • Removal and Installation
        • Interior Door Handle
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Rear Door Latch - Upper
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Rear Door Latch - Lower
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Tailgate Latch
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Tailgate Latch Remote Control
          • Removal
        • Tailgate Release Handle
          • Removal and Installation
    • Passive Anti-Theft System Job Aid
      • Passive Anti-Theft System (Pats) Specifications
        • Ford System (Pats) Specifications
        • LINCOLN System (Pats) Specifications
        • Mercury System (Pats) Specifications
      • Pats Key Types
      • Diagnostic Trouble Codes
      • Non-Pats Issues
      • Things To Do:
      • Things Not To Do:
      • Programming Procedures
        • Notes
        • Key Programming Using Diagnostic Tools
          • Procedure #1
          • Procedure #2
          • Procedure #3
        • Spare Key Programming Using Diagnostic Tools
          • Procedure #4
        • Spare Key Programming Using Programmed Keys
          • Procedure #5
          • Procedure #6
        • Replacing Pats Control Module Or Pcm
          • Procedure #7
          • Procedure #8
    • Remote Keyless Entry System [Transmitter Programming Procedures]
      • Programming Methods & Transmitter Types
        • Programming Method And Transmitter Type Application
        • Transmitter Type Identification
        • Programming Methods
          • Programming Method A
          • Programming Method D
          • Programming Method I
          • Programming Method K
          • Programming Method L
          • Programming Method M
          • Programming Method N
          • Programming Method O
      • Helpful Hints
        • Remote Entry Programming Procedure
        • Poor Operating Range Performance
        • Miscellaneous
  • Exterior Body Panels
    • Body Panel System - Body Closures
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications Chart
      • Description And Operation
        • Body Closures
          • Body Closure Components
        • Body Closures - Four-Door, SuperCab
          • Body Closure Components
      • General Procedures
        • Hinge Adjustment
        • Hinge Adjustment - Four-Door, SuperCab
        • Striker Adjustment - Four-Door, SuperCab
    • Body Panel System - Front End Body Panels
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications Chart
      • Description And Operation
        • Front End Body Panels
      • General Procedures
        • Hood Alignment
      • Removal And Installation
        • Fender
          • Removal and Installation
        • Radiator Grille Opening
          • Removal and Installation
        • Radiator Grille Opening Panel Reinforcement
          • Removal and Installation
    • Body System - General Information
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications Chart
      • Description And Operation
        • Body
        • Insulation
        • Body Sealer Types And Applications
          • HB Fuller E709
          • 3M Strip Caulk Black 051135-0857B
          • Weatherstrip Adhesive
          • Silicone Lubricant
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Body System
          • Inspection and Verification
            • Leaks
            • Noise
          • Symptom Chart
  • Exterior/Interior Trim
    • Body System - General Information
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications Chart
      • Description And Operation
        • Body
        • Insulation
        • Body Sealer Types And Applications
          • HB Fuller E709
          • 3M Strip Caulk Black 051135-0857B
          • Weatherstrip Adhesive
          • Silicone Lubricant
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Body System
          • Inspection and Verification
            • Leaks
            • Noise
          • Symptom Chart
    • Exterior Trim And Ornamentation
      • Removal And Installation
        • Radiator Grille
          • Removal and Installation
    • Interior Trim And Ornamentation
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Interior Trim
          • Interior Trim Components - Regular Cab
          • Interior Trim Components - SuperCab, With Center-Facing Rear Seats
          • Interior Trim Components - SuperCab, Without Center-Facing Rear
        • Interior Trim - Four-Door, SuperCab
          • Interior Trim Components - SuperCab, Four-Door
      • Removal And Installation
        • Trim Panel - Front Door, Finish Panel
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Trim Panel - Front Door
          • Removal and Installation
        • Headliner
          • Removal and Installation
        • Headliner - Four-Door, SuperCab
          • Removal and Installation
        • Trim Panel - Quarter, Regular Cab
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Trim Panel - Quarter, SuperCab Without Center -Facing Rear Seat
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Trim Panel - Quarter, SuperCab With Center -Facing Rear Seat
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Trim Panel - Quarter, Rear, Four-Door, SuperCab
          • Removal and Installation
        • Trim Panel - Rear Door
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
  • Frames, Subframes & Crossmembers
    • Body System - Full Frame And Body Mounting -- Ranger
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Frame and Body Mounting
          • Frame, 4X4 Short Wheel Base Shown
          • Body to Frame Mounting
          • Rear Cab to Frame Mount, SuperCab
          • Rear Cab to Frame Mount, Regular Cab
      • General Procedures
        • Frame Maintenance - Rivet Removal
        • Frame Maintenance - Rivet Replacement
        • Frame Maintenance - Drilling Precautions
        • Frame Maintenance - Welding Precautions
        • Frame Maintenance - Frame Straightening
        • Frame Maintenance - Frame Reinforcing
        • Body Misalignment Check
        • Underbody Misalignment Check
          • Frame Dimensions, Short Wheel Base 4X4
          • Frame Dimensions, Long Wheel Base, 4X4
          • Frame Dimensions, SuperCab, 4X4
          • Frame Dimensions, Short Wheel Base, 4X2
          • Frame Dimensions, Long Wheel Base, 4X2
          • Frame Dimensions, SuperCab, 4X2
          • Frame, Short Wheel Base, 4X2 Shown
          • Frame, Long Wheel Base, 4X2 Shown
          • Frame, SuperCab, 4X2 Shown
          • Frame, Short Wheel Base, 4X4 Shown
          • Frame, Long Wheel Base, 4X4 Shown
          • Frame, SuperCab, 4X4 Shown
      • Removal And Installation
        • Support - Body
          • Removal and Installation
        • Support - Box
          • Removal and Installation
  • Mirrors
    • Rear View Mirror System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Rear View Mirrors
          • Rear View Mirror Components
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Rear View Mirrors
          • Notes
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Test
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Mirrors Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: A Single Mirror Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test C: A Single Mirror Does Not Function With Switch Logic
          • Component Test
            • Switch - Outside Rear View Mirror Control
      • Removal And Installation
        • Exterior Mirror
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Interior Rear View Mirror
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Exterior Mirror Motor
        • Exterior Mirror Glass
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Switch - Outside Rear View Mirror
          • Removal
          • Installation
  • Seats
    • Seat System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Seats
          • Front Seats
          • Rear Seats
      • Removal And Installation
        • Front Seat
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Rear Seat - Center Facing
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Rear Seat - Four-Door, SuperCab
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Seat Armrest - 60 Percent Bench
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Front Seat Backrest - 60 Percent Bench
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Front Seat Backrest - Bucket and 40 Percent
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Seat Track - 60 Percent Bench
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Seat Track - Bucket and 40 Percent
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Front Seat Cushion - Bucket and 40 Percent
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Disassembly And Assembly
        • Front Seat Backrest - Bucket and 40 Percent
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Front Seat Backrest - 60 Percent Bench
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Rear Seat Backrest - Center Facing Rear
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Rear Seat Cushion - Center Facing Rear
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Front Seat Cushion - Bucket and 40 Percent
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Front Seat Cushion - 60 Percent Bench
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
  • Windows And Glass
    • Specifications
      • General Specifications
      • Torque Specifications
    • Description And Operation
      • Glass, Frames and Mechanisms
        • Ranger Glass Components
        • Quarter Glass
        • Back Window Glass
        • Windshield Glass
        • Front Door Glass
      • Glass, Frames and Mechanisms - Four-Door, SuperCab
        • Quarter Glass
    • Diagnosis And Testing
      • Glass, Frames and Mechanisms
        • Notes
        • Principles of Operation
          • Power Window Operation
          • Power Window Control
          • One Touch Down Relay
          • Smart Junction Box
        • Inspection and Verification
        • SJB Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
        • Symptom Chart
        • Pinpoint Tests
          • Pinpoint Test A: All Power Windows Are Inoperative
          • Pinpoint Test B: Single Power Window Is Inoperative - Driver Power Window
          • Pinpoint Test C: Single Power Window Is Inoperative - Passenger Power Window
          • Pinpoint Test D: The One Touch Down Feature Is Inoperative
          • Pinpoint Test E: The Delayed Accessory Relay Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
          • Pinpoint Test F: The Delayed Accessory Relay Does Not Turn Off
    • Removal And Installation
      • Switch - Window Regulator Control
        • Removal and Installation
      • Window Glass - Front Door
        • Notes
        • Removal and Installation
      • Window Glass - Fixed Quarter
        • Removal and Installation
      • Window Glass - Fixed Quarter, Four-Door, SuperCab
        • Removal and Installation
      • Window Glass - Back
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Motor and Window Regulator
        • Notes
        • Removal and Installation
      • Windshield Glass
        • Notes
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Door Glass Run Retainer - Center
        • Notes
        • Removal and Installation
      • Door Glass Top Run
        • Removal and Installation
• Brakes
  • Anti-Lock Brakes
    • Anti-Lock Brake System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Anti-Lock Control
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Anti-Lock Control
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Principles of Operation
            • Notes
            • Hydraulic Control Unit (HCU)
            • Anti-Lock Brake System (ABS) Control Module
            • Wheel Speed Sensor
          • Inspection and Verification
            • Notes
            • Warning Lamp Indicators
            • Electronic Brake Distribution (EBD)
            • Anti-Lock Brake Control Module Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: No Communication With The Anti-Lock Brake System (Abs) Module
            • Pinpoint Test B: DTC C1186 - Abs Power Relay Output Open Circuit And B1317 And B1318 - Battery Voltage High/Battery Voltage Low
            • Pinpoint Test C: DTCS C1145, C1155, And C1230 - Wheel Speed Sensor Circuit Failure
            • Pinpoint Test D: DTCS C1148, C1158, C1229, C1233, C1234 And C1237 - Wheel Speed Sensor Coherency Fault/Signal Incorrect
            • Pinpoint Test E: DTCS C1095 And C1096 - Abs Hydraulic Pump Motor Circuit Failure/Open
            • Pinpoint Test F: DTC B1485: Brake Pedal Input Circuit Battery Short
            • Pinpoint Test G: DTC C1414: Incorrect Module Design Level
            • Pinpoint Test H: DTC C1187: Brake Fluid Level Input Circuit Open
            • Pinpoint Test I: Check For Correct Anti-Lock Brake System (Abs) Module Operation
      • Removal And Installation
        • Hydraulic Control Unit
          • Removal and Installation
        • Anti-Lock Brake System (ABS) Module
          • Removal and Installation
        • Sensor - Front 4x2
          • Material
          • Removal and Installation
        • Sensor - Front 4x4
          • Removal and Installation
        • Sensor - Rear
          • Material
          • Removal and Installation
    • Brake System-General Information
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Brake System
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Brake System
          • Notes
          • Inspection and Verification
            • Notes
            • Road Test
            • Brake Pads
            • Brake Discs
            • Brake Caliper
            • Brake Caliper Guide Pins
            • Brake Drums
            • Brake Shoes
            • Brake Lines and Tubes
            • Non-Pressure Leaks
            • Brake Master Cylinder - Normal Conditions
            • Brake Master Cylinder - Abnormal Conditions
            • Brake Booster
            • Parking Brake
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Vibration When The Brakes Are Applied
          • Component Tests
            • Brake Booster
            • Check Valve
            • Brake Master Cylinder - Bypass Condition Test
            • Compensator Port Check
      • General Procedures
        • Brake Disc Machining
          • Notes
          • Brake Disc Machining
        • Component Bleeding
          • Notes
          • Master Cylinder Priming - In-Vehicle or Bench
          • Four Wheel Anti-Lock Brake System (4WABS) Hydraulic Control Unit (HCU)
          • Caliper
        • Bleeding - System
          • Notes
          • Manual
          • Pressure
        • Hydraulic Leak Check
  • Mechanical - Hydraulic
    • Brake System-General Information
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Brake System
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Brake System
          • Notes
          • Inspection and Verification
            • Notes
            • Road Test
            • Brake Pads
            • Brake Discs
            • Brake Caliper
            • Brake Caliper Guide Pins
            • Brake Drums
            • Brake Shoes
            • Brake Lines and Tubes
            • Non-Pressure Leaks
            • Brake Master Cylinder - Normal Conditions
            • Brake Master Cylinder - Abnormal Conditions
            • Brake Booster
            • Parking Brake
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Vibration When The Brakes Are Applied
          • Component Tests
            • Brake Booster
            • Check Valve
            • Brake Master Cylinder - Bypass Condition Test
            • Compensator Port Check
      • General Procedures
        • Brake Disc Machining
          • Notes
          • Brake Disc Machining
        • Component Bleeding
          • Notes
          • Master Cylinder Priming - In-Vehicle or Bench
          • Four Wheel Anti-Lock Brake System (4WABS) Hydraulic Control Unit (HCU)
          • Caliper
        • Bleeding - System
          • Notes
          • Manual
          • Pressure
        • Hydraulic Leak Check
    • Disc Brakes & Drum Brakes
      • Description & Operation
        • Notes
        • Brake System
          • Notes
          • Drum Brake
          • Front Disc Brake
          • Parking Brake
          • Hydraulic Brake Actuation
          • Brake Tubes & Hoses
        • System Components
          • Brake Booster
          • Check Valve
          • Deactivator Switch
          • Master Cylinder
      • Bleeding Brake System
        • Notes
        • Manual Bleeding
          • Notes
          • Caliper
          • Master Cylinder Bleeding (Bench)
          • Master Cylinder Bleeding (On-Vehicle)
          • 4-Wheel Anti-Lock Brake Hydraulic Control Unit
          • Gravity Bleeding
          • System Bleeding
        • Pressure Bleeding
        • Bleeding Sequence
      • Adjustments
        • Parking Brake
        • Brake Shoes
          • Drums Removed
          • Drums Installed
        • Disc Pads
      • Component Tests
        • Brake Warning Light
        • Master Cylinder
          • Bypass Condition Test
          • Compensator Port Check
        • Vacuum Power Booster
        • Vacuum Booster Check Valve
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Brake Backing Plate
          • Removal & Installation
        • Brake Drum
          • Removal & Installation
        • Brake Pedal & Bracket
          • Removal & Installation (A/T)
          • Removal & Installation (M/T)
        • Brake Shoes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Caliper Anchor Plate
          • Removal & Installation
        • Calipers & Pads
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Inspection
          • Installation
        • Disc Shield
          • Removal & Installation
        • Front Brake Disc
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Inspection
          • Installation
        • Master Cylinder
          • Removal & Installation
        • Parking Brake
          • Removal & Installation (Control)
          • Removal & Installation (Front Cable & Conduit)
          • Removal & Installation (Rear Parking Brake Cable)
        • Vacuum Power Booster
          • Removal & Installation
        • Wheel Cylinders
          • Removal & Installation
      • Overhaul
        • Notes
        • Disc Brake Caliper
          • Disassembly
          • Cleaning & Inspection
          • Reassembly
        • Master Cylinder
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Reassembly
        • Wheel Cylinders
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Reassembly
      • Torque Specifications
      • Disc & Drum Brake Specifications
  • Traction Control
    • Anti-Lock Brake System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Anti-Lock Control
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Anti-Lock Control
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Principles of Operation
            • Notes
            • Hydraulic Control Unit (HCU)
            • Anti-Lock Brake System (ABS) Control Module
            • Wheel Speed Sensor
          • Inspection and Verification
            • Notes
            • Warning Lamp Indicators
            • Electronic Brake Distribution (EBD)
            • Anti-Lock Brake Control Module Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: No Communication With The Anti-Lock Brake System (Abs) Module
            • Pinpoint Test B: DTC C1186 - Abs Power Relay Output Open Circuit And B1317 And B1318 - Battery Voltage High/Battery Voltage Low
            • Pinpoint Test C: DTCS C1145, C1155, And C1230 - Wheel Speed Sensor Circuit Failure
            • Pinpoint Test D: DTCS C1148, C1158, C1229, C1233, C1234 And C1237 - Wheel Speed Sensor Coherency Fault/Signal Incorrect
            • Pinpoint Test E: DTCS C1095 And C1096 - Abs Hydraulic Pump Motor Circuit Failure/Open
            • Pinpoint Test F: DTC B1485: Brake Pedal Input Circuit Battery Short
            • Pinpoint Test G: DTC C1414: Incorrect Module Design Level
            • Pinpoint Test H: DTC C1187: Brake Fluid Level Input Circuit Open
            • Pinpoint Test I: Check For Correct Anti-Lock Brake System (Abs) Module Operation
      • Removal And Installation
        • Hydraulic Control Unit
          • Removal and Installation
        • Anti-Lock Brake System (ABS) Module
          • Removal and Installation
        • Sensor - Front 4x2
          • Material
          • Removal and Installation
        • Sensor - Front 4x4
          • Removal and Installation
        • Sensor - Rear
          • Material
          • Removal and Installation
    • Brake System-General Information
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Brake System
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Brake System
          • Notes
          • Inspection and Verification
            • Notes
            • Road Test
            • Brake Pads
            • Brake Discs
            • Brake Caliper
            • Brake Caliper Guide Pins
            • Brake Drums
            • Brake Shoes
            • Brake Lines and Tubes
            • Non-Pressure Leaks
            • Brake Master Cylinder - Normal Conditions
            • Brake Master Cylinder - Abnormal Conditions
            • Brake Booster
            • Parking Brake
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Vibration When The Brakes Are Applied
          • Component Tests
            • Brake Booster
            • Check Valve
            • Brake Master Cylinder - Bypass Condition Test
            • Compensator Port Check
      • General Procedures
        • Brake Disc Machining
          • Notes
          • Brake Disc Machining
        • Component Bleeding
          • Notes
          • Master Cylinder Priming - In-Vehicle or Bench
          • Four Wheel Anti-Lock Brake System (4WABS) Hydraulic Control Unit (HCU)
          • Caliper
        • Bleeding - System
          • Notes
          • Manual
          • Pressure
        • Hydraulic Leak Check
• Drivelines & Axles
  • Differentials & Drive Axles
    • Driveline System-General Information
      • Specifications
        • 4X2, Rear Driveline Angles @ Curb Specifications
        • 4X4, Rear Driveline Angles @ Curb Specifications
        • General Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Driveline System
          • Notes
          • Vehicle Certification (VC) Label Example
          • Front Axle Identification Tag
          • Rear Axle Identification Tag
          • Axle Identification Tag Denoting Interchangeability Affected Internally
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Driveline System
          • Notes
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Noise Acceptability
          • Universal Joint (U-Joint) Inspection
          • Inspection For Bent Rear Axle Housing
          • Analysis of Leakage
          • Axle Vent
          • Flange Yoke Seal
          • Axle Shaft Seals
          • Differential Seals
          • Analysis of Vibration
          • Tires
          • Driveline Angle
          • Universal Joint (U-Joint) Wear
          • Wheel Hub or Axle Flange Bolt Circle Runout
          • Pilot Runout
          • Wheel Hub or Axle Flange Face Runout
          • Drive Pinion Stem and Pinion Flange
          • Coupling Shaft Center Bearing Alignment
          • Bearing Shimming
          • Halfshafts, Front Wheel
          • Axle Noise
          • Gear Howl and Whine
          • Bearing Whine
          • Chuckle
          • Knock
          • Clunk
          • Total Backlash Check
          • Axle Shaft Bearing Noise
          • Bearing Rumble
          • Symptom Chart
          • Component Tests
            • Driveline Vibration
            • Driveshaft Vibrates
          • Traction-Lok® Differential Operation Check
          • Traction-Lok® Differential Check Road Test
          • Pinion Flange Runout Check - Circular
          • Tooth Contact Pattern Check - Gearset
            • Notes
            • Contact Pattern Location
      • General Procedures
        • Driveline Angle Inspection
        • Axle Housing Casting Porosity (Holes in Casting) Repair
        • Axle Housing Weld Leaks Repair
    • Front Drive Axle/Differential - DANA 35
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Front Drive Axle and Differential
          • AWD Dana 35 Exploded View
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Front Drive Axle
          • Notes
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Diagnostic Routines
            • Diagnostic Routine - Fluid Loss
            • Diagnostic Routine - Noise Louder on Turns (Sweeping)
            • Diagnostic Routine - Noise (Growl) In Tight Turn, Conventional Differential
            • Diagnostic Routine - Noise (Whine) In All Or More Than One Drive Modes
            • Diagnostic Routine - Noise (Tick/Click) In All Or More Than One Drive Modes
            • Diagnostic Routine - Noise (Howl/Moan) In All Or More Than One Drive Modes
            • Diagnostic Routine - Noise (Clunk) On Changes In Speed Or Direction Of Power
            • Diagnostic Routine - Front Axle Will Not Engage/Disengage
            • Diagnostic Routine - Vibration
          • Checking Differential Ring Gear Backlash
          • Checking Tooth Contact Pattern and Condition of the Ring and Pinion
          • Good Contact Pattern
          • Low Contact Pattern That Is Contacting More Toward the Heel
          • High, Thin Contact Pattern In the Center Of the Tooth
          • Thick Contact Pattern That Is Contacting Tooth Toward the Heel
          • Thick Contact Pattern That Is Contacting Tooth Toward the Toe
      • General Procedures
        • Axle and Differential Drain and Refill
      • In-Vehicle Repair
        • Axle Tube Bearing
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Drive Pinion Seal
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Removal And Installation
        • Axle Assembly - Front
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Differential Ring and Pinion
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Differential Bearings
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Differential Carrier
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Bushing
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Disassembly And Assembly
        • Axle
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Differential Case
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
    • Rear Drive Axle/Differential - Ford 7.5" Ring Gear
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Rear Drive Axle and Differential
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Rear Drive Axle and Differential
          • Notes
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Diagnostic Routines
            • Diagnostic Routine - Fluid Loss
            • Diagnostic Routine - Noise Louder on Turns (Sweeping)
            • Diagnostic Routine - Noise (Growl) In Tight Turn, Conventional Differential
            • Diagnostic Routine - Noise (Chatter/Shudder) In Tight Turns, Limited Slip Differential
            • Diagnostic Routine - Noise (Whine) In All Or More Than One Drive Modes
            • Diagnostic Routine - Noise (Tick/Click) In All Or More Than One Drive Modes
            • Diagnostic Routine - Noise (Howl/Moan) In All Or More Than One Drive Modes
            • Diagnostic Routine - Noise (Clunk) On Changes In Speed Or Direction Of Power
            • Diagnostic Routine - Front Axle Will Not Engage/Disengage
            • Diagnostic Routine - Vibration
          • Checking Differential Ring Gear Backlash
          • Checking Tooth Contact Pattern and Condition of the Ring and Pinion
            • Notes
            • Good Contact Pattern
            • Low Contact Pattern That Is Contacting More Toward the Heel
            • High, Thin Contact Pattern In the Center Of the Tooth
            • Thick Contact Pattern That Is Contacting Tooth Toward the Heel
            • Thick Contact Pattern That Is Contacting Tooth Toward the Toe
      • In-Vehicle Repair
        • Axle Shaft
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Rear Wheel Bearing and Axle Shaft Oil Seal
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Drive Pinion Flange
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Drive Pinion Seal
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Differential Housing Cover
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Drive Pinion
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Differential Case
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Differential Ring and Pinion
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Differential Bearings
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Removal And Installation
        • Axle Housing
          • Removal and Installation
        • Differential Carrier
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Disassembly And Assembly
        • Differential Case and Ring Gear - Conventional
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Differential Case and Ring Gear - Traction-Lok®
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
    • Rear Drive Axle/Differential - Ford 8.8" Ring Gear
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications Chart
      • Description And Operation
        • Rear Drive Axle and Differential
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Rear Drive Axle and Differential
          • Notes
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Diagnostic Routines
            • Diagnostic Routine - Fluid Loss
            • Diagnostic Routine - Noise Louder on Turns (Sweeping)
            • Diagnostic Routine - Noise (Growl) In Tight Turn, Conventional Differential
            • Diagnostic Routine - Noise (Chatter/Shudder) In Tight Turns, Limited Slip Differential
            • Diagnostic Routine - Noise (Whine) In All Or More Than One Drive Modes
            • Diagnostic Routine - Noise (Tick/Click) In All Or More Than One Drive Modes
            • Diagnostic Routine - Noise (Howl/Moan) In All Or More Than One Drive Modes
            • Diagnostic Routine - Noise (Clunk) On Changes In Speed Or Direction Of Power
            • Diagnostic Routine - Front Axle Will Not Engage/Disengage
            • Diagnostic Routine - Vibration
          • Checking Differential Ring Gear Backlash
          • Checking Tooth Contact Pattern and Condition of the Ring and Pinion
            • Notes
            • Good Contact Pattern
            • Low Contact Pattern That Is Contacting More Toward the Heel
            • High, Thin Contact Pattern In the Center Of the Tooth
            • Thick Contact Pattern That Is Contacting Tooth Toward the Heel
            • Thick Contact Pattern That Is Contacting Tooth Toward the Toe
      • In-Vehicle Repair
        • Axle Shaft
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Rear Wheel Bearing and Axle Shaft Oil Seal
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Drive Pinion Flange
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Drive Pinion Seal
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Differential Housing Cover
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Drive Pinion
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Differential Case
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Differential Ring and Pinion
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Differential Bearings
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Removal And Installation
        • Axle Housing
          • Removal and Installation
        • Differential Carrier
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Disassembly And Assembly
        • Differential Case and Ring Gear - Conventional
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Differential Case and Ring Gear - Traction-Lok
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
    • Rear Drive Axle/Differential - Ford 8.8" Ring Gear High Torque
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications Chart
        • Torque Specifications Chart
      • Description And Operation
        • Rear Drive Axle and Differential
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Rear Drive Axle and Differential
      • In-Vehicle Repair
        • Axle Shaft
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Rear Wheel Bearing and Axle Shaft Oil Seal
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Drive Pinion Flange and Drive Pinion Seal
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Differential Housing Cover
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Drive Pinion
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Differential Case
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
      • Removal And Installation
        • Axle Housing
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
      • Disassembly And Assembly
        • Differential Case and Ring Gear
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
  • Driveshaft & Universal Joints
    • Driveline System-General Information
      • Specifications
        • 4X2, Rear Driveline Angles @ Curb Specifications
        • 4X4, Rear Driveline Angles @ Curb Specifications
        • General Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Driveline System
          • Notes
          • Vehicle Certification (VC) Label Example
          • Front Axle Identification Tag
          • Rear Axle Identification Tag
          • Axle Identification Tag Denoting Interchangeability Affected Internally
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Driveline System
          • Notes
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Noise Acceptability
          • Universal Joint (U-Joint) Inspection
          • Inspection For Bent Rear Axle Housing
          • Analysis of Leakage
          • Axle Vent
          • Flange Yoke Seal
          • Axle Shaft Seals
          • Differential Seals
          • Analysis of Vibration
          • Tires
          • Driveline Angle
          • Universal Joint (U-Joint) Wear
          • Wheel Hub or Axle Flange Bolt Circle Runout
          • Pilot Runout
          • Wheel Hub or Axle Flange Face Runout
          • Drive Pinion Stem and Pinion Flange
          • Coupling Shaft Center Bearing Alignment
          • Bearing Shimming
          • Halfshafts, Front Wheel
          • Axle Noise
          • Gear Howl and Whine
          • Bearing Whine
          • Chuckle
          • Knock
          • Clunk
          • Total Backlash Check
          • Axle Shaft Bearing Noise
          • Bearing Rumble
          • Symptom Chart
          • Component Tests
            • Driveline Vibration
            • Driveshaft Vibrates
          • Traction-Lok® Differential Operation Check
          • Traction-Lok® Differential Check Road Test
          • Pinion Flange Runout Check - Circular
          • Tooth Contact Pattern Check - Gearset
            • Notes
            • Contact Pattern Location
      • General Procedures
        • Driveline Angle Inspection
        • Axle Housing Casting Porosity (Holes in Casting) Repair
        • Axle Housing Weld Leaks Repair
    • Driveshaft
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Driveshaft
          • Driveshaft - Rear, 4x2
          • Driveshaft - Rear, 4x4
          • Driveshaft - Front
        • Universal Joints
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Driveshaft
      • Removal And Installation
        • Driveshaft - Front, 4x4
          • Removal and Installation
        • Driveshaft - Rear, 4x2
          • Removal and Installation
        • Driveshaft - Rear, 4x4
          • Removal and Installation
      • Disassembly And Assembly
        • Driveshaft Universal Joint - Single Cardan, Slip Yoke
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Driveshaft Universal Joint - Single Cardan, Flange Yoke
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Driveshaft Slip Yoke
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
• Electrical
  • Body Electrical
    • OEM Connector End Views
      • Connector End Views
        • A/C Clutch Field Coil Connector End View (C100)
        • Crankshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C101)
        • Generator Connector End View (C102a)
        • Generator Connector End View (C102b)
        • Generator Connector End View (C102c)
        • Oil Pressure Switch Connector End View (C103)
        • Cylinder-Head Temperature Sensor Connector End View (C107)
        • Knock Sensor Connector End View (C108)
        • Knock Sensor Connector End View (C109)
        • Inline Connector End View (C110)
        • Speed Control Servo Connector End View (C122)
        • Brake Fluid Level Switch Connector End View (C124)
        • Windshield Wiper Motor Connector End View (C125)
        • Mass Air Flow (MAF) Sensor Connector End View (C128)
        • Horn Connector End View (C131)
        • ABS Control Module Connector End View (C135)
        • Windshield Washer Pump Motor Connector End View (C137)
        • Inline Connector End View (C139)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #22 Connector End View (C141)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #12 Connector End View (C142)
        • Inline Connector End View (C144)
        • Wheel Speed Sensor, Left Front Connector End View (C150)
        • Fog Lamp, Left Front Connector End View (C152)
        • Wheel Speed Sensor, Right Front Connector End View (C160)
        • Fog Lamp, Right Front Connector End View (C162)
        • Intermediate Shaft Speed (ISS) Sensor Connector End View (C164)
        • Digital Transmission Range (DTR) Sensor Connector End View (C167)
        • 5R44E Transmission Connector End View (C168)
        • Reversing Lamps Switch Connector End View (C169)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #11 Connector End View (C171)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #21 Connector End View (C172)
        • Ignition Transformer Capacitor 1 Connector End View (C174)
        • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector End View (C175) (1 Of 3)
        • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector End View (C175) (2 Of 3)
        • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector End View (C175) (3 Of 3)
        • EGR Pressure Transducer Connector End View (C178)
        • Camshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C180)
        • Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) Connector End View (C189)
        • Positive Crankcase Ventilation Heater Connector End View (C190)
        • Output Shaft Speed (OSS) Sensor Connector End View (C193)
        • Starter Motor Connector End View (C197a)
        • Starter Motor Connector End View (C197b)
        • 5R55E Transmission Connector End View (C199)
        • Multifunction Switch Connector End View (C202a)
        • Multifunction Switch Connector End View (C202b)
        • Main Light Switch Connector End View (C205)
        • Instrument Panel Dimming Module Connector End View (C206)
        • Inline Connector End View (C210)
        • Inline Connector End View (C211)
        • Inline Connector End View (C212)
        • Inline Connector End View (C213)
        • Inline Connector End View (C215)
        • Air Bag Sliding Contact Connector End View (C218a)
        • Air Bag Sliding Contact Connector End View (C218b)
        • Inline Connector End View (C219)
        • Instrument Cluster Connector End View (C220a)
        • Instrument Cluster, Connector End View (C220b)
        • Inline Connector End View (C237)
        • Inline Connector End View (C238)
        • Fog Lamp Switch Connector End View (C240)
        • Inline Connector End View (C248)
        • Ignition Switch Connector End View (C250)
        • Data Link Connector (DLC) Connector End View (C251)
        • Passenger Air Bag Module Connector End View (C256)
        • Clutch Pedal Position Switch Connector End View (C257)
        • Brake Pedal Position Switch Connector End View (C278)
        • Transmission Control Switch Connector End View (C279)
        • Four-Wheel Drive Control Module Connector End View (C281a)
        • Four-Wheel Drive Control Module Connector End View (C281b)
        • Inertia Fuel Shutoff (IFS) Switch Connector End View (C282)
        • Four-Wheel Drive Switch Connector End View (C284)
        • Blend Door Actuator Connector End View (C289)
        • Audio Unit Connector End View (C290a)
        • Audio Unit Connector End View (C290b)
        • Function Selector Switch Assembly, Front Connector End View (C294a)
        • Function Selector Switch Assembly, Front Connector End View (C294b)
        • Function Selector Switch Assembly, Front Connector End View (C294c)
        • Function Selector Switch Assembly, Front Connector End View (C294d)
        • Passenger Safety Belt Retractor Pretensioner Connector End View (C303)
        • Inline Connector End View (C311)
        • Inline Connector End View (C312)
        • Inline Connector End View (C313)
        • Inline Connector End View (C314)
        • Gearmotor Encoder Assembly Connector End View (C350)
        • Park/Stop/Turn Lamp, Left Rear Connector End View (C412)
        • Park/Stop/Turn Lamp, Right Rear Connector End View (C415)
        • Inline Connector End View (C421)
        • Fuel Tank Pressure Transducer Sensor Connector End View (C435)
        • Trailer Tow Connector End View (C439)
        • Evaporative Emission (EVAP) Canister Vent Valve Connector End View (C450)
        • Reversing Lamp, Left Connector End View (C451)
        • License Plate Lamp, Left Connector End View (C454)
        • Rear Axle Speed Sensor Connector End View (C455)
        • Reversing Lamp, Right Connector End View (C461)
        • License Plate Lamp, Right Connector End View (C464)
        • Master Window Adjust Switch Connector End View (C504)
        • Door Lock Switch, Driver Side Connector End View (C505)
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror, Left Connector End View (C522)
        • Speaker, Left Front Connector End View (C523)
        • Power Window Motor, Driver Side Front Connector End View (C524)
        • Door Lock Actuator, Left Front Connector End View (C525)
        • Door Ajar Switch, Left Front Connector End View (C526)
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror Switch Connector End View (C527)
        • Door Ajar Switch, Right Front Connector End View (C602)
        • Door Lock Actuator, Right Front Connector End View (C603)
        • Window Adjust Switch, Passenger Side Connector End View (C604)
        • Door Lock Switch, Passenger Side Connector End View (C605)
        • Power Window Motor, Passenger Side Front Connector End View (C608)
        • Speaker, Right Front Connector End View (C612)
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror, Right Connector End View (C622)
        • Speaker, Left Rear Connector End View (C702)
        • Inline Connector End View (C710)
        • Door Ajar Switch, Driver Side Rear Connector End View (C715)
        • Speaker, Right Rear Connector End View (C802)
        • Inline Connector End View (C810)
        • Door Ajar Switch, Passenger Side Rear Connector End View (C820)
        • High Mounted Stoplamp Connector End View (C904)
        • Interior/Map Lamps Assembly, Front Connector End View (C931a)
        • Interior/Map Lamps Assembly, Front Connector End View (C931b)
        • Wiper High/Low Relay Connector End View (C1001)
        • Wiper Run/Park Relay Connector End View (C1002)
        • Windshield Washer Relay Connector End View (C1004)
        • Fog Lamp Relay Connector End View (C1007)
        • A/C Clutch Relay Connector End View (C1008)
        • Blower Motor Relay Connector End View (C1011)
        • PCM Power Relay Connector End View (C1016)
        • Starter Relay Connector End View (C1017)
        • Headlamp, Left Connector End View (C1021)
        • Park/Turn Lamp, Left Front Connector End View (C1023)
        • Deactivator Switch Connector End View (C1025)
        • EVAP Canister Purge Valve Connector End View (C1029)
        • Heater Blower Motor Connector End View (C1031)
        • Heater Blower Motor Resistor, Front Connector End View (C1032)
        • Battery Junction Box (BJB) Connector End View (C1035)
        • Headlamp, Right Connector End View (C1041)
        • Park/Turn Lamp, Right Front Connector End View (C1043)
        • Engine Cooling Fan Motor Connector End View (C1048)
        • Fuel Pump Relay Connector End View (C1051)
        • Engine Cooling Fan Relay Connector End View (C1055)
        • Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sender Connector End View (C1061)
        • Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor Connector End View (C1064)
        • Ignition Coil Connector End View (C1065)
        • Idle Air Control (IAC) Valve Connector End View (C1066)
        • A/C High Pressure Switch Connector End View (C1078)
        • A/C Compressor Cycling Switch Connector End View (C1081)
        • Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP) Sensor Connector End View (C1087)
        • Battery Connector End View (C1100a)
        • Battery Connector End View (C1100b)
        • Output Shaft Speed (OSS) Sensor Connector End View (C1107)
        • Crankshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C1120)
        • Power Steering Pressure Switch Connector End View (C1121)
        • Side Lamp, Right Front Connector End View (C1126)
        • Side Lamp, Left Front Connector End View (C1127)
        • Ignition Coil Connector End View (C1134)
        • Ignition Coil Connector End View (C1136)
        • EGR Stepper Motor Connector End View (C1160)
        • Camshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C1180)
        • Fuel Injector 1 Connector End View (C1181)
        • Fuel Injector 2 Connector End View (C1182)
        • Fuel Injector 3 Connector End View (C1183)
        • Fuel Injector 4 Connector End View (C1184)
        • Fuel Injector 5 Connector End View (C1185)
        • Fuel Injector 6 Connector End View (C1186)
        • Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) Connector End View (C1189)
        • EGR Valve Actuator Connector End View (C1389)
        • Brake Shift Interlock Connector End View (C2008)
        • Parking Brake Switch Connector End View (C2015)
        • Cigar Lighter, Front Connector End View (C2031a)
        • Cigar Lighter, Front Connector End View (C2031b)
        • Power Point Connector End View (C2033)
        • Restraints Control Module Connector End View (C2041)
        • Indicator Flasher Relay Connector End View (C2047)
        • Accessory Relay Connector End View (C2050)
        • One-Touch Window Relay Connector End View (C2051)
        • Passive Anti-Theft Transceiver Connector End View (C2097)
        • Passenger Air Bag Deactivation (PAD) Switch Connector End View (C2099)
        • Inline Connector End View (C2104)
        • Smart Junction Box (SJB) Connector End View (C2280a)
        • Smart Junction Box (SJB) Connector End View (C2280b)
        • Smart Junction Box (SJB) Connector End View (C2280c)
        • Smart Junction Box (SJB) Connector End View (C2280d)
        • Subwoofer Amplifier Connector End View (C2982a)
        • Subwoofer Amplifier Connector End View (C2982b)
        • Driver Safety Belt Retractor Pretensioner Connector End View (C3014)
        • Subwoofer Connector End View (C3020)
        • Radio Amplifier Connector End View (C3154a)
        • Radio Amplifier Connector End View (C3154b)
        • Fuel Tank Unit Connector End View (C4033)
  • Charging Systems
    • Charging System - (Generator & Regulators)
      • Description
      • Adjustments
        • Belt Tension
      • Trouble Shooting
      • On-Vehicle Testing
        • Battery Test With Digital Battery Analyzer
        • Battery Drain Test
        • Generator Load Test
        • Generator No-Load Test
      • System Tests
        • Notes
        • Test A: Battery Is Discharged Or Voltage Is Low
        • Test B: Warning Indicator Is On With Engine Running, System Is Not Charging
        • Test C: System Overcharges (Battery Voltage Is Greater Than 15.5 Volts)
        • Test D: Warning Indicator Is On With Engine Running, System Is Charging
        • Test E: Warning Indicator Is Off With Ignition On
        • Test F: Warning Indicator Flickers Or Operates Intermittently
        • Test G: Generator Noisy
        • Test H: Radio Interference
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Generator
          • Removal & Installation (2.3L)
          • Removal & Installation (3.0L)
          • Removal & Installation (4.0L)
        • Voltage Regulator
          • Removal & Installation (3.0L)
      • Generator Specifications
      • Torque Specifications
      • Wiring Diagrams
    • Charging System (Battery, Mounting And Cables)
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Battery and Cables
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Battery
          • Notes
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Battery Condition Test
      • General Procedures
        • Battery Disconnect
      • Removal And Installation
        • Battery
          • Removal and Installation
  • Component Locations
    • Diagnostic Connector (DLC) Locations
      • Domestic Cars
        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
      • Domestic Light Trucks & Vans
        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
      • Imported Cars & Trucks
        • ACURA
        • AUDI
        • BENTLEY
        • BMW
        • DAIHATSU
        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
        • FERRARI
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
        • HONDA
        • HYUNDAI
        • INFINITI
        • ISUZU
        • Jaguar
        • KIA
        • Land Rover
        • LEXUS
        • MAZDA
        • MERCEDES-BENZ
        • MITSUBISHI
        • NISSAN
        • PEUGEOT
        • PORSCHE
        • RENAULT
        • Rolls-ROYCE
        • SAAB
        • SUBARU
        • SUZUKI
        • TOYOTA
        • VOLKSWAGEN
        • VOLVO
    • Electrical Component Locator
      • Buzzers, Relays & Timers
      • Circuit Protection Devices
      • Control Units
      • Motors
      • Sending Units & Sensors
      • Solenoids & Solenoid Valves
      • Switches
      • Miscellaneous
      • Connectors
      • Grounds
      • Splices
      • Component Location Graphics
  • Fuses & Circuit Breakers
    • Identification
      • Notes
      • Battery Junction Box
      • Fusible Links
      • Indicator Flasher Relay
      • Smart Junction Box
  • Gauges
    • Instrument Cluster System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Instrument Cluster
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Instrument Cluster
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
            • Notes
            • Fuel Gauge
            • Water Temperature Indicator Gauge
            • Speedometer
            • Odometer
            • Trip Odometer
            • Tachometer
          • Warning Indicators
            • Brake Warning Indicator
            • Low Oil Pressure Warning Indicator
            • Charge System Warning Indicator
            • Check Engine/Malfunction Indicator (MIL) Lamp
            • Air Bag Warning Indicator
            • Safety Belt Warning Indicator
            • Low Fuel
            • Door Ajar
            • High Beam
            • Overdrive Off
            • Anti-Theft
            • Speed Control
            • Check Fuel Cap
            • 4x4 High/LOW
          • Inspection and Verification
            • Notes
            • Instrument Cluster Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
            • Smart Junction Box (SJB) Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
            • Restraint Control Module (RCM) Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
            • Four Wheel Drive (4WD) Control Module Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: No Communication With The Instrument Cluster
            • Pinpoint Test B: Incorrect Temperature Gauge Indication
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Low Oil Pressure Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test D: Inaccurate Speedometer Reading
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Speedometer/Odometer Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Tachometer Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Charge System Warning Indicator Is Never On
            • Pinpoint Test H: The Anti-Lock Brake System (Abs) Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test I: The Check Fuel Cap Warning Indicator Is Never On
            • Pinpoint Test J: The High Beam Indicator Is Never On
            • Pinpoint Test K: The Check Engine Warning Indicator Is Never On
            • Pinpoint Test L: The LH Turn Signal Indicator Is Never On
            • Pinpoint Test M: The RH Turn Signal Indicator Is Never On
            • Pinpoint Test N: The O/D Off Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test O: The Speed Control Indicator Is Never On
            • Pinpoint Test P: The Brake Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test Q: The Door Ajar Warning Indicator Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test R: The Safety Belt Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test S: The 4X4 And 4X4 Low Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test T: The Air Bag Warning Indicator Is Never/Always On
            • Pinpoint Test U: Incorrect Fuel Gauge Indication
      • Removal And Installation
        • Instrument Cluster
          • Removal and Installation
        • Warning Indicator Bulb
          • Removal and Installation
        • Cluster Lens
          • Removal and Installation
    • Instrument Cluster System And Panel Illumination
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Instrument Cluster and Panel Illumination
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Instrument Cluster and Panel Illumination
          • Notes
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Control Illumination Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Instrument Cluster Illumination Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Climate Control Illumination Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Audio System Illumination Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test E: One Or More Illumination Source(S) Is Inoperative
      • Removal And Installation
        • Instrument Panel Dimmer Switch
          • Removal and Installation
        • Instrument Cluster Bulb
          • Removal and Installation
        • Bulb - Climate Control
          • Removal and Installation
    • Instrument Panel And Console
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Instrument Panel
          • Instrument Panel Components
        • Console - Floor
      • Removal And Installation
        • Instrument Panel
          • Notes
          • Removal
        • Console - Floor
          • Removal
          • Installation
  • Motors, Switches, Relays
    • OEM Connector End Views
      • Connector End Views
        • A/C Clutch Field Coil Connector End View (C100)
        • Crankshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C101)
        • Generator Connector End View (C102a)
        • Generator Connector End View (C102b)
        • Generator Connector End View (C102c)
        • Oil Pressure Switch Connector End View (C103)
        • Cylinder-Head Temperature Sensor Connector End View (C107)
        • Knock Sensor Connector End View (C108)
        • Knock Sensor Connector End View (C109)
        • Inline Connector End View (C110)
        • Speed Control Servo Connector End View (C122)
        • Brake Fluid Level Switch Connector End View (C124)
        • Windshield Wiper Motor Connector End View (C125)
        • Mass Air Flow (MAF) Sensor Connector End View (C128)
        • Horn Connector End View (C131)
        • ABS Control Module Connector End View (C135)
        • Windshield Washer Pump Motor Connector End View (C137)
        • Inline Connector End View (C139)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #22 Connector End View (C141)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #12 Connector End View (C142)
        • Inline Connector End View (C144)
        • Wheel Speed Sensor, Left Front Connector End View (C150)
        • Fog Lamp, Left Front Connector End View (C152)
        • Wheel Speed Sensor, Right Front Connector End View (C160)
        • Fog Lamp, Right Front Connector End View (C162)
        • Intermediate Shaft Speed (ISS) Sensor Connector End View (C164)
        • Digital Transmission Range (DTR) Sensor Connector End View (C167)
        • 5R44E Transmission Connector End View (C168)
        • Reversing Lamps Switch Connector End View (C169)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #11 Connector End View (C171)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #21 Connector End View (C172)
        • Ignition Transformer Capacitor 1 Connector End View (C174)
        • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector End View (C175) (1 Of 3)
        • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector End View (C175) (2 Of 3)
        • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector End View (C175) (3 Of 3)
        • EGR Pressure Transducer Connector End View (C178)
        • Camshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C180)
        • Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) Connector End View (C189)
        • Positive Crankcase Ventilation Heater Connector End View (C190)
        • Output Shaft Speed (OSS) Sensor Connector End View (C193)
        • Starter Motor Connector End View (C197a)
        • Starter Motor Connector End View (C197b)
        • 5R55E Transmission Connector End View (C199)
        • Multifunction Switch Connector End View (C202a)
        • Multifunction Switch Connector End View (C202b)
        • Main Light Switch Connector End View (C205)
        • Instrument Panel Dimming Module Connector End View (C206)
        • Inline Connector End View (C210)
        • Inline Connector End View (C211)
        • Inline Connector End View (C212)
        • Inline Connector End View (C213)
        • Inline Connector End View (C215)
        • Air Bag Sliding Contact Connector End View (C218a)
        • Air Bag Sliding Contact Connector End View (C218b)
        • Inline Connector End View (C219)
        • Instrument Cluster Connector End View (C220a)
        • Instrument Cluster, Connector End View (C220b)
        • Inline Connector End View (C237)
        • Inline Connector End View (C238)
        • Fog Lamp Switch Connector End View (C240)
        • Inline Connector End View (C248)
        • Ignition Switch Connector End View (C250)
        • Data Link Connector (DLC) Connector End View (C251)
        • Passenger Air Bag Module Connector End View (C256)
        • Clutch Pedal Position Switch Connector End View (C257)
        • Brake Pedal Position Switch Connector End View (C278)
        • Transmission Control Switch Connector End View (C279)
        • Four-Wheel Drive Control Module Connector End View (C281a)
        • Four-Wheel Drive Control Module Connector End View (C281b)
        • Inertia Fuel Shutoff (IFS) Switch Connector End View (C282)
        • Four-Wheel Drive Switch Connector End View (C284)
        • Blend Door Actuator Connector End View (C289)
        • Audio Unit Connector End View (C290a)
        • Audio Unit Connector End View (C290b)
        • Function Selector Switch Assembly, Front Connector End View (C294a)
        • Function Selector Switch Assembly, Front Connector End View (C294b)
        • Function Selector Switch Assembly, Front Connector End View (C294c)
        • Function Selector Switch Assembly, Front Connector End View (C294d)
        • Passenger Safety Belt Retractor Pretensioner Connector End View (C303)
        • Inline Connector End View (C311)
        • Inline Connector End View (C312)
        • Inline Connector End View (C313)
        • Inline Connector End View (C314)
        • Gearmotor Encoder Assembly Connector End View (C350)
        • Park/Stop/Turn Lamp, Left Rear Connector End View (C412)
        • Park/Stop/Turn Lamp, Right Rear Connector End View (C415)
        • Inline Connector End View (C421)
        • Fuel Tank Pressure Transducer Sensor Connector End View (C435)
        • Trailer Tow Connector End View (C439)
        • Evaporative Emission (EVAP) Canister Vent Valve Connector End View (C450)
        • Reversing Lamp, Left Connector End View (C451)
        • License Plate Lamp, Left Connector End View (C454)
        • Rear Axle Speed Sensor Connector End View (C455)
        • Reversing Lamp, Right Connector End View (C461)
        • License Plate Lamp, Right Connector End View (C464)
        • Master Window Adjust Switch Connector End View (C504)
        • Door Lock Switch, Driver Side Connector End View (C505)
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror, Left Connector End View (C522)
        • Speaker, Left Front Connector End View (C523)
        • Power Window Motor, Driver Side Front Connector End View (C524)
        • Door Lock Actuator, Left Front Connector End View (C525)
        • Door Ajar Switch, Left Front Connector End View (C526)
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror Switch Connector End View (C527)
        • Door Ajar Switch, Right Front Connector End View (C602)
        • Door Lock Actuator, Right Front Connector End View (C603)
        • Window Adjust Switch, Passenger Side Connector End View (C604)
        • Door Lock Switch, Passenger Side Connector End View (C605)
        • Power Window Motor, Passenger Side Front Connector End View (C608)
        • Speaker, Right Front Connector End View (C612)
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror, Right Connector End View (C622)
        • Speaker, Left Rear Connector End View (C702)
        • Inline Connector End View (C710)
        • Door Ajar Switch, Driver Side Rear Connector End View (C715)
        • Speaker, Right Rear Connector End View (C802)
        • Inline Connector End View (C810)
        • Door Ajar Switch, Passenger Side Rear Connector End View (C820)
        • High Mounted Stoplamp Connector End View (C904)
        • Interior/Map Lamps Assembly, Front Connector End View (C931a)
        • Interior/Map Lamps Assembly, Front Connector End View (C931b)
        • Wiper High/Low Relay Connector End View (C1001)
        • Wiper Run/Park Relay Connector End View (C1002)
        • Windshield Washer Relay Connector End View (C1004)
        • Fog Lamp Relay Connector End View (C1007)
        • A/C Clutch Relay Connector End View (C1008)
        • Blower Motor Relay Connector End View (C1011)
        • PCM Power Relay Connector End View (C1016)
        • Starter Relay Connector End View (C1017)
        • Headlamp, Left Connector End View (C1021)
        • Park/Turn Lamp, Left Front Connector End View (C1023)
        • Deactivator Switch Connector End View (C1025)
        • EVAP Canister Purge Valve Connector End View (C1029)
        • Heater Blower Motor Connector End View (C1031)
        • Heater Blower Motor Resistor, Front Connector End View (C1032)
        • Battery Junction Box (BJB) Connector End View (C1035)
        • Headlamp, Right Connector End View (C1041)
        • Park/Turn Lamp, Right Front Connector End View (C1043)
        • Engine Cooling Fan Motor Connector End View (C1048)
        • Fuel Pump Relay Connector End View (C1051)
        • Engine Cooling Fan Relay Connector End View (C1055)
        • Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sender Connector End View (C1061)
        • Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor Connector End View (C1064)
        • Ignition Coil Connector End View (C1065)
        • Idle Air Control (IAC) Valve Connector End View (C1066)
        • A/C High Pressure Switch Connector End View (C1078)
        • A/C Compressor Cycling Switch Connector End View (C1081)
        • Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP) Sensor Connector End View (C1087)
        • Battery Connector End View (C1100a)
        • Battery Connector End View (C1100b)
        • Output Shaft Speed (OSS) Sensor Connector End View (C1107)
        • Crankshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C1120)
        • Power Steering Pressure Switch Connector End View (C1121)
        • Side Lamp, Right Front Connector End View (C1126)
        • Side Lamp, Left Front Connector End View (C1127)
        • Ignition Coil Connector End View (C1134)
        • Ignition Coil Connector End View (C1136)
        • EGR Stepper Motor Connector End View (C1160)
        • Camshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C1180)
        • Fuel Injector 1 Connector End View (C1181)
        • Fuel Injector 2 Connector End View (C1182)
        • Fuel Injector 3 Connector End View (C1183)
        • Fuel Injector 4 Connector End View (C1184)
        • Fuel Injector 5 Connector End View (C1185)
        • Fuel Injector 6 Connector End View (C1186)
        • Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) Connector End View (C1189)
        • EGR Valve Actuator Connector End View (C1389)
        • Brake Shift Interlock Connector End View (C2008)
        • Parking Brake Switch Connector End View (C2015)
        • Cigar Lighter, Front Connector End View (C2031a)
        • Cigar Lighter, Front Connector End View (C2031b)
        • Power Point Connector End View (C2033)
        • Restraints Control Module Connector End View (C2041)
        • Indicator Flasher Relay Connector End View (C2047)
        • Accessory Relay Connector End View (C2050)
        • One-Touch Window Relay Connector End View (C2051)
        • Passive Anti-Theft Transceiver Connector End View (C2097)
        • Passenger Air Bag Deactivation (PAD) Switch Connector End View (C2099)
        • Inline Connector End View (C2104)
        • Smart Junction Box (SJB) Connector End View (C2280a)
        • Smart Junction Box (SJB) Connector End View (C2280b)
        • Smart Junction Box (SJB) Connector End View (C2280c)
        • Smart Junction Box (SJB) Connector End View (C2280d)
        • Subwoofer Amplifier Connector End View (C2982a)
        • Subwoofer Amplifier Connector End View (C2982b)
        • Driver Safety Belt Retractor Pretensioner Connector End View (C3014)
        • Subwoofer Connector End View (C3020)
        • Radio Amplifier Connector End View (C3154a)
        • Radio Amplifier Connector End View (C3154b)
        • Fuel Tank Unit Connector End View (C4033)
  • Starter
    • Starting System
      • Description
      • Component Locations
      • Adjustments
        • Digital Transmission Range Sensor
      • Trouble Shooting
      • System Tests
        • Notes
        • Test A: Engine Does Not Crank
        • Test B: Unusual Starter Noise
      • On-Vehicle Testing
        • Notes
        • Voltage Drop Test
        • Starter Ground Circuit Test
      • Removal & Installation
        • Starter Motor
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (2.3L)
          • Removal & Installation (3.0L)
          • Removal & Installation (4.0L)
      • Starter Specifications
      • Torque Specifications
      • Wiring Diagrams
        • 2003
        • 2004
  • Wiring Diagrams
    • OEM Connector End Views
      • Connector End Views
        • A/C Clutch Field Coil Connector End View (C100)
        • Crankshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C101)
        • Generator Connector End View (C102a)
        • Generator Connector End View (C102b)
        • Generator Connector End View (C102c)
        • Oil Pressure Switch Connector End View (C103)
        • Cylinder-Head Temperature Sensor Connector End View (C107)
        • Knock Sensor Connector End View (C108)
        • Knock Sensor Connector End View (C109)
        • Inline Connector End View (C110)
        • Speed Control Servo Connector End View (C122)
        • Brake Fluid Level Switch Connector End View (C124)
        • Windshield Wiper Motor Connector End View (C125)
        • Mass Air Flow (MAF) Sensor Connector End View (C128)
        • Horn Connector End View (C131)
        • ABS Control Module Connector End View (C135)
        • Windshield Washer Pump Motor Connector End View (C137)
        • Inline Connector End View (C139)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #22 Connector End View (C141)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #12 Connector End View (C142)
        • Inline Connector End View (C144)
        • Wheel Speed Sensor, Left Front Connector End View (C150)
        • Fog Lamp, Left Front Connector End View (C152)
        • Wheel Speed Sensor, Right Front Connector End View (C160)
        • Fog Lamp, Right Front Connector End View (C162)
        • Intermediate Shaft Speed (ISS) Sensor Connector End View (C164)
        • Digital Transmission Range (DTR) Sensor Connector End View (C167)
        • 5R44E Transmission Connector End View (C168)
        • Reversing Lamps Switch Connector End View (C169)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #11 Connector End View (C171)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #21 Connector End View (C172)
        • Ignition Transformer Capacitor 1 Connector End View (C174)
        • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector End View (C175) (1 Of 3)
        • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector End View (C175) (2 Of 3)
        • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector End View (C175) (3 Of 3)
        • EGR Pressure Transducer Connector End View (C178)
        • Camshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C180)
        • Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) Connector End View (C189)
        • Positive Crankcase Ventilation Heater Connector End View (C190)
        • Output Shaft Speed (OSS) Sensor Connector End View (C193)
        • Starter Motor Connector End View (C197a)
        • Starter Motor Connector End View (C197b)
        • 5R55E Transmission Connector End View (C199)
        • Multifunction Switch Connector End View (C202a)
        • Multifunction Switch Connector End View (C202b)
        • Main Light Switch Connector End View (C205)
        • Instrument Panel Dimming Module Connector End View (C206)
        • Inline Connector End View (C210)
        • Inline Connector End View (C211)
        • Inline Connector End View (C212)
        • Inline Connector End View (C213)
        • Inline Connector End View (C215)
        • Air Bag Sliding Contact Connector End View (C218a)
        • Air Bag Sliding Contact Connector End View (C218b)
        • Inline Connector End View (C219)
        • Instrument Cluster Connector End View (C220a)
        • Instrument Cluster, Connector End View (C220b)
        • Inline Connector End View (C237)
        • Inline Connector End View (C238)
        • Fog Lamp Switch Connector End View (C240)
        • Inline Connector End View (C248)
        • Ignition Switch Connector End View (C250)
        • Data Link Connector (DLC) Connector End View (C251)
        • Passenger Air Bag Module Connector End View (C256)
        • Clutch Pedal Position Switch Connector End View (C257)
        • Brake Pedal Position Switch Connector End View (C278)
        • Transmission Control Switch Connector End View (C279)
        • Four-Wheel Drive Control Module Connector End View (C281a)
        • Four-Wheel Drive Control Module Connector End View (C281b)
        • Inertia Fuel Shutoff (IFS) Switch Connector End View (C282)
        • Four-Wheel Drive Switch Connector End View (C284)
        • Blend Door Actuator Connector End View (C289)
        • Audio Unit Connector End View (C290a)
        • Audio Unit Connector End View (C290b)
        • Function Selector Switch Assembly, Front Connector End View (C294a)
        • Function Selector Switch Assembly, Front Connector End View (C294b)
        • Function Selector Switch Assembly, Front Connector End View (C294c)
        • Function Selector Switch Assembly, Front Connector End View (C294d)
        • Passenger Safety Belt Retractor Pretensioner Connector End View (C303)
        • Inline Connector End View (C311)
        • Inline Connector End View (C312)
        • Inline Connector End View (C313)
        • Inline Connector End View (C314)
        • Gearmotor Encoder Assembly Connector End View (C350)
        • Park/Stop/Turn Lamp, Left Rear Connector End View (C412)
        • Park/Stop/Turn Lamp, Right Rear Connector End View (C415)
        • Inline Connector End View (C421)
        • Fuel Tank Pressure Transducer Sensor Connector End View (C435)
        • Trailer Tow Connector End View (C439)
        • Evaporative Emission (EVAP) Canister Vent Valve Connector End View (C450)
        • Reversing Lamp, Left Connector End View (C451)
        • License Plate Lamp, Left Connector End View (C454)
        • Rear Axle Speed Sensor Connector End View (C455)
        • Reversing Lamp, Right Connector End View (C461)
        • License Plate Lamp, Right Connector End View (C464)
        • Master Window Adjust Switch Connector End View (C504)
        • Door Lock Switch, Driver Side Connector End View (C505)
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror, Left Connector End View (C522)
        • Speaker, Left Front Connector End View (C523)
        • Power Window Motor, Driver Side Front Connector End View (C524)
        • Door Lock Actuator, Left Front Connector End View (C525)
        • Door Ajar Switch, Left Front Connector End View (C526)
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror Switch Connector End View (C527)
        • Door Ajar Switch, Right Front Connector End View (C602)
        • Door Lock Actuator, Right Front Connector End View (C603)
        • Window Adjust Switch, Passenger Side Connector End View (C604)
        • Door Lock Switch, Passenger Side Connector End View (C605)
        • Power Window Motor, Passenger Side Front Connector End View (C608)
        • Speaker, Right Front Connector End View (C612)
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror, Right Connector End View (C622)
        • Speaker, Left Rear Connector End View (C702)
        • Inline Connector End View (C710)
        • Door Ajar Switch, Driver Side Rear Connector End View (C715)
        • Speaker, Right Rear Connector End View (C802)
        • Inline Connector End View (C810)
        • Door Ajar Switch, Passenger Side Rear Connector End View (C820)
        • High Mounted Stoplamp Connector End View (C904)
        • Interior/Map Lamps Assembly, Front Connector End View (C931a)
        • Interior/Map Lamps Assembly, Front Connector End View (C931b)
        • Wiper High/Low Relay Connector End View (C1001)
        • Wiper Run/Park Relay Connector End View (C1002)
        • Windshield Washer Relay Connector End View (C1004)
        • Fog Lamp Relay Connector End View (C1007)
        • A/C Clutch Relay Connector End View (C1008)
        • Blower Motor Relay Connector End View (C1011)
        • PCM Power Relay Connector End View (C1016)
        • Starter Relay Connector End View (C1017)
        • Headlamp, Left Connector End View (C1021)
        • Park/Turn Lamp, Left Front Connector End View (C1023)
        • Deactivator Switch Connector End View (C1025)
        • EVAP Canister Purge Valve Connector End View (C1029)
        • Heater Blower Motor Connector End View (C1031)
        • Heater Blower Motor Resistor, Front Connector End View (C1032)
        • Battery Junction Box (BJB) Connector End View (C1035)
        • Headlamp, Right Connector End View (C1041)
        • Park/Turn Lamp, Right Front Connector End View (C1043)
        • Engine Cooling Fan Motor Connector End View (C1048)
        • Fuel Pump Relay Connector End View (C1051)
        • Engine Cooling Fan Relay Connector End View (C1055)
        • Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sender Connector End View (C1061)
        • Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor Connector End View (C1064)
        • Ignition Coil Connector End View (C1065)
        • Idle Air Control (IAC) Valve Connector End View (C1066)
        • A/C High Pressure Switch Connector End View (C1078)
        • A/C Compressor Cycling Switch Connector End View (C1081)
        • Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP) Sensor Connector End View (C1087)
        • Battery Connector End View (C1100a)
        • Battery Connector End View (C1100b)
        • Output Shaft Speed (OSS) Sensor Connector End View (C1107)
        • Crankshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C1120)
        • Power Steering Pressure Switch Connector End View (C1121)
        • Side Lamp, Right Front Connector End View (C1126)
        • Side Lamp, Left Front Connector End View (C1127)
        • Ignition Coil Connector End View (C1134)
        • Ignition Coil Connector End View (C1136)
        • EGR Stepper Motor Connector End View (C1160)
        • Camshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C1180)
        • Fuel Injector 1 Connector End View (C1181)
        • Fuel Injector 2 Connector End View (C1182)
        • Fuel Injector 3 Connector End View (C1183)
        • Fuel Injector 4 Connector End View (C1184)
        • Fuel Injector 5 Connector End View (C1185)
        • Fuel Injector 6 Connector End View (C1186)
        • Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) Connector End View (C1189)
        • EGR Valve Actuator Connector End View (C1389)
        • Brake Shift Interlock Connector End View (C2008)
        • Parking Brake Switch Connector End View (C2015)
        • Cigar Lighter, Front Connector End View (C2031a)
        • Cigar Lighter, Front Connector End View (C2031b)
        • Power Point Connector End View (C2033)
        • Restraints Control Module Connector End View (C2041)
        • Indicator Flasher Relay Connector End View (C2047)
        • Accessory Relay Connector End View (C2050)
        • One-Touch Window Relay Connector End View (C2051)
        • Passive Anti-Theft Transceiver Connector End View (C2097)
        • Passenger Air Bag Deactivation (PAD) Switch Connector End View (C2099)
        • Inline Connector End View (C2104)
        • Smart Junction Box (SJB) Connector End View (C2280a)
        • Smart Junction Box (SJB) Connector End View (C2280b)
        • Smart Junction Box (SJB) Connector End View (C2280c)
        • Smart Junction Box (SJB) Connector End View (C2280d)
        • Subwoofer Amplifier Connector End View (C2982a)
        • Subwoofer Amplifier Connector End View (C2982b)
        • Driver Safety Belt Retractor Pretensioner Connector End View (C3014)
        • Subwoofer Connector End View (C3020)
        • Radio Amplifier Connector End View (C3154a)
        • Radio Amplifier Connector End View (C3154b)
        • Fuel Tank Unit Connector End View (C4033)
    • System Wiring Diagrams
      • Using lemon2025'S Wiring Diagrams
      • Air Conditioning
      • Anti-Lock Brakes
      • Anti-Theft
      • Computer Data Lines
      • Cooling Fan
        • 2.3L
      • Cruise Control
      • Engine Performance
        • 2.3L
        • 3.0L
        • 4.0L
      • Exterior Lights
      • Ground Distribution
      • Headlights
      • Horn
      • Instrument Cluster
      • Interior Lights
      • Power Distribution
      • Power Door Locks
      • Power Mirrors
      • Power Windows
      • Radio
      • Shift Interlock
      • Starting/Charging
      • Supplemental Restraints
      • Transmission
        • 2.3L
        • 3.0L
        • 4.0L
      • Warning Systems
      • Wiper/Washer
    • Using lemon2025'S System Wiring Diagrams
      • Introduction
      • Wiring Diagram Features And Controls
      • Wiring Diagram Color Abbreviations
      • Wiring Diagram Symbols
      • Wiring Diagram Ground Number Locations
      • Wiring Diagram Component Locations
• Engine Mechanical
  • Accessory Drive Belts
    • Engine Cooling System Specifications & Drive Belt Routing
      • Adjustments
        • Drive Belt
      • Drive Belt Routing
        • Drive Belt Routing - 2.3L
        • Drive Belt Routing - 3.0L
        • Drive Belt Routing - 4.0L SOHC
      • Cooling System Specifications
        • Coolant
  • Auxiliary Emission Control Systems
    • Emission Control System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Engine Emission Control
          • Notes
          • Exhaust Gas Recirculation
          • 2.3L Engine
          • 4.0L Engine
          • Exhaust Emission Control System
          • Positive Crankcase Ventilation (PCV) System
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Engine Emission Control
      • Removal And Installation
        • Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Valve - 2.3L
          • Removal and Installation
        • Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Valve - 4.0L SOHC
        • Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Valve Outlet Tube - 2.3L
          • Removal and Installation
        • Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Valve Outlet Tube - 4.0L SOHC
        • Differential Pressure Feedback Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Sensor - 4.0L SOHC
        • Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Vacuum Regulator Solenoid - 4.0L SOHC
        • Positive Crankcase Ventilation (PCV) Valve - 2.3L
          • Removal and Installation
        • Positive Crankcase Ventilation (PCV) Valve - 3.0L
          • Removal and Installation
        • Positive Crankcase Ventilation (PCV) Valve - 4.0L, Early Build
          • Removal and Installation
        • Positive Crankcase Ventilation (PCV) Valve - 4.0L, Late Build
          • Removal and Installation
        • Crankcase Vent Oil Separator - 2.3L
          • Removal and Installation
    • Evaporative Emissions
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Evaporative Emissions
          • Notes
          • The evaporative emission (EVAP) system:
          • The fuel vapors are routed:
          • The fuel tank pressure (FTP) sensor:
          • The evaporative emissions canister:
          • The fuel tank filler cap:
          • The canister vent solenoid:
          • The electronic evaporative emission (EVAP) canister purge valve:
          • The fuel pump and tank assembly:
          • The evaporative emission (EVAP) system monitor:
          • The evaporative emission (EVAP) test port:
          • The EVAP running loss system leak test:
          • The evaporative emission (EVAP) dust separator:
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Evaporative Emissions
          • Notes
          • Evaporative Emission System
          • Principles of Operation
            • Evaporative Emission (EVAP) Canister Purge Valve
            • Evaporative Emission (EVAP) Canister
            • Canister Vent Solenoid
            • Fuel Tank Pressure (FTP) Sensor
            • Fuel Vapor Vent (FVV) Valve Assemblies
            • Fuel Limit Vent Valve (FLVV) Assembly
            • Fuel Filler Pipe Check Valve
            • Fuel Filler Cap
            • Evaporative Emission (EVAP) System Monitor
            • EVAP Running Loss System Leak Test
            • On-Board Refueling Vapor Recovery (ORVR) Evaporative Emission (EVAP) System
          • Inspection and Verification
          • PCM Diagnostics Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Notes
            • Possible Causes
            • Pinpoint Test A: DTC P0442 Small Leak In EVAP System
            • Pinpoint Test B: DTC P0455 Major Leak Or No Flow Detected Or DTC P1443 Very Small Or No Purge Flow Detected In System
            • Pinpoint Test C: DTC P1450 Excessive Vacuum Detected In The Fuel Tank
            • Pinpoint Test D: Hiss When Opening Fuel Cap
            • Pinpoint Test E: Excessive Fuel Odor
            • Pinpoint Test F: Unable To Refuel (ORVR)
      • General Procedures
        • Canister Vent Solenoid Closing Procedure
        • Evaporative Emission System Leak Test
        • Evaporative Emission Repair Verification Drive Cycle
      • Removal And Installation
        • Evaporative Emission Canister
          • Removal and Installation
        • Evaporative Emission Canister Purge Valve
          • Removal and Installation
        • Fuel Tank Pressure Sensor
          • Removal and Installation
        • Evaporative Emission Canister Vent Solenoid
          • Removal and Installation
        • Dust Separator
          • Removal and Installation
  • Electric Cooling Fans
    • Description & Operation
    • Component Locations
    • Trouble Shooting
      • Notes
      • Preliminary Inspection
    • Diagnostic System
    • Removal & Installation
      • Fan Assembly
        • Removal & Installation
    • Torque Specifications
    • Wiring Diagrams
      • 2002
      • 2003
      • 2004
  • Cooling System (Mechanical)
    • Engine Cooling System
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Engine Cooling
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Engine Cooling
          • Notes
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Loss Of Coolant
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Engine Overheats
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Engine Does Not Reach Normal Operating Temperature
          • Component Tests
            • Pressure Tests
            • Cap
            • Thermostat-Water
            • Thermostat-Mechanical Test
            • Radiator Leak Test, Removed From Vehicle
            • Fan Clutch Test
              • Notes
              • Fan Clutch Test-Minimum Speed Requirement
              • Fan Clutch Test-Maximum Speed Requirement
      • General Procedures
        • Cooling System Draining, Filling and Bleeding - 2.3L
          • Notes
          • Partial Drain
          • Complete Drain
          • Filling and Bleeding with RADKITPLUS
          • Filling and Bleeding without RADKITPLUS
        • Cooling System Draining, Filling and Bleeding - 3.0L and 4.0L
          • Notes
          • Draining
          • Filling and Bleeding with RADKITPLUS
          • Filling without RADKITPLUS
          • Bleeding without RADKITPLUS
        • Engine and Radiator Flushing
        • Heater Core Backflushing
      • Removal And Installation
        • Block Heater
          • Removal and Installation
        • Thermostat - Water, 3.0L
          • Removal and Installation
        • Thermostat - Water, 4.0L
          • Removal and Installation
        • Thermostat Housing - 2.3L
          • Removal and Installation
        • Bypass Tube - 3.0L
          • Removal and Installation
        • Water Pump - 2.3L
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Water Pump - 3.0L
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Water Pump - 4.0L
          • Removal and Installation
        • Radiator - 2.3L
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Radiator - 3.0L and 4.0L
          • Removal and Installation
        • Fan - Blade and Clutch, 2.3L
        • Fan - Blade
          • Removal and Installation
        • Cooling Fan Motor and Shroud - 2.3L
          • Removal and Installation
        • Cooling Fan Shroud - 3.0L and 4.0L Printable
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Hose - 2.3L Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Valve Heater Hose
          • Removal and Installation
        • Water Bypass Hose - 2.3L
          • Removal and Installation
        • Coolant Outlet Pipe - 2.3L, Front
          • Removal and Installation
        • Coolant Outlet Pipe - 2.3L, Rear
          • Removal and Installation
        • Degas Bottle - 2.3L
          • Removal and Installation
        • Coolant Expansion Tank - 3.0L, 4.0L
          • Removal and Installation
        • Engine Coolant Temperature Sender Unit - 2.3L
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Engine Coolant Temperature Sender Unit - 3.0L
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Engine Coolant Temperature Sender Unit - 4.0L
          • Removal and Installation
    • Engine Cooling System Specifications & Drive Belt Routing
      • Adjustments
        • Drive Belt
      • Drive Belt Routing
        • Drive Belt Routing - 2.3L
        • Drive Belt Routing - 3.0L
        • Drive Belt Routing - 4.0L SOHC
      • Cooling System Specifications
        • Coolant
  • Exhaust System
    • Specifications
      • General Specifications
      • Torque Specifications
    • Description And Operation
      • Exhaust System
        • Notes
        • Exhaust System - 2.3L Engine
        • Exhaust System - 3.0L and 4.0L Engines
    • Diagnosis And Testing
      • Exhaust System
        • Notes
        • Inspection and Verification
        • Symptom Chart
        • Pinpoint Test
          • Notes
          • Pinpoint Test A: Restricted Exhaust System Test
        • Component Tests
          • Exhaust Heat Shields
    • General Procedures
      • Exhaust System Alignment
  • Fuel System
    • Fuel System & Engine Control System - 2.3L
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Fuel Charging and Controls
          • Sequential Multiport Fuel Injection (SFI)
          • Throttle Body
          • Fuel Injectors
          • Fuel Injection Supply Manifold
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Fuel Charging and Controls
      • Removal And Installation
        • Throttle Body
          • Removal and Installation
        • Fuel Injectors
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Fuel Charging Wiring Harness
          • Removal and Installation
        • Fuel Injection Supply Manifold
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Fuel Pressure Relief Valve
          • Removal and Installation
    • Fuel System-General Information
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Fuel System
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Fuel System
      • General Procedures
        • Fuel System Pressure Release
        • Fuel Tank Draining
        • Spring Lock Couplings
          • Notes
          • Disconnect
          • Connect
        • Fuel Line Fittings-Push Connect
          • Notes
          • Disconnect
          • Connect
        • Fuel Line Fittings-Push Release
          • Disconnect
          • Connect
        • Vapor Tube Fittings-Push Release
          • Disconnect
          • Connect
    • Fuel Tank & Fuel Lines
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Fuel Tank and Lines
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Fuel Tank and Lines
      • Removal And Installation
        • Fuel Tank Support Straps
          • Removal and Installation
        • Fuel Tank
          • Removal and Installation
        • Fuel Pump
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Fuel Tank Filler Pipe
          • Removal and Installation
        • Fuel Filter
        • Inertia Fuel Shutoff (IFS) Switch
          • Removal and Installation
  • Mechanical
    • Engine - 2.3L
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications Chart
      • Description And Operation
        • Engine
          • Notes
          • Lower Engine Block
          • Front Engine Block
          • Cylinder Head
          • Intake Manifold
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Engine
      • General Procedures
        • Valve Clearance Check
      • In-Vehicle Repair
        • Intake Manifold
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Valve Cover
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Crankshaft Pulley
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Crankshaft Front Oil Seal
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Engine Front Cover
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Timing Drive Components
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Valve Springs
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Valve Seals
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Valve Tappets
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Camshafts
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Exhaust Manifold
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Cylinder Head
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Oil Filter Adapter
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Oil Pressure Sender
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Oil Level Indicator and Tube
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Oil Pan
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Oil Pump Screen and Pickup Tube
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Flywheel
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Flexplate
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Crankshaft Rear Seal with Retainer Plate
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Engine Support Insulators
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Removal
        • Engine
      • Disassembly
        • Engine
      • Disassembly And Assembly Of Subassemblies
        • Cylinder Head
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
      • Assembly
        • Engine
      • Installation
        • Engine
    • Engine System-General Information
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Engine
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Engine
          • Notes
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Component Tests
            • Notes
            • Engine Oil Leaks-Fluorescent Oil Additive Method
            • Leakage Points-Underhood
            • Leakage Points-Under Engine-With Vehicle on Hoist
            • Leakage Points-With Transmission and Flywheel Removed
          • Compression Test-Compression Gauge Check
            • Notes
            • Compression Test-Test Results
            • Compression Pressure Limit Chart
            • Compression Test-Interpreting Compression Readings
          • Cylinder Leakage Detection
          • Oil Consumption Test
          • Intake Manifold Vacuum Test
            • Notes
            • Intake Manifold Vacuum Test-Interpreting Vacuum Gauge Readings
          • Excessive Engine Oil Consumption
            • Notes
            • Oil Pressure Test
          • Valve Train Analysis-Engine Off-Valve Cover Removed
            • Notes
            • Valve Train Analysis-Engine Off, Rocker Arm
            • Valve Train Analysis-Engine Off, Camshaft Roller Followers and Hydraulic Lash Adjusters, Overhead Camshaft
            • Valve Train Analysis-Engine Off, Camshaft-Engines
            • Valve Train Analysis-Engine Off, Push Rods
            • Valve Train Analysis-Valve Springs
            • Valve Train Analysis-Engine Off, Valve Spring Retainer and Valve Spring Retainer Keys
            • Valve Train Analysis-Engine Off, Valves and Cylinder Head
          • Valve Train Analysis-Engine Running
            • Notes
            • Valve Train Analysis-Engine Running, Valves and Cylinder Head
            • Valve Train Analysis-Engine Running, Camshaft Lobe Lift - OHC Engines
            • Valve Train Analysis-Engine Running, Camshaft Lobe Lift - Push Rod Engine
            • Valve Train Analysis-Engine Running, Valve Tappet
      • General Procedures
        • Sprockets
        • Rocker Arms - Cleaning
        • Rocker Arms - Inspection
        • Push Rods - Cleaning
        • Push Rods - Inspection
        • Camshaft Journal - Diameter
        • Camshaft Journal - Clearance, Push Rod Engine, Micrometer Method
        • Camshaft Journal - Clearance, Plastigage Method
        • Camshaft End Play - Push Rod Engines
        • Camshaft End Play - OHC Engines
        • Camshaft - Lobe Surface
        • Camshaft Lobe Lift
        • Camshaft Runout
        • Crankshaft Main Bearing Journal - Diameter
        • Crankshaft Main Bearing Journal - Taper
        • Crankshaft Main Bearing Journal - Clearance
        • Crankshaft End Play
        • Crankshaft Runout
        • Crankshaft - Connecting Rod Journal Taper, Out of Round
        • Cylinder Bore - Taper
        • Cylinder Bore - Out-of-Round
        • Piston Inspection
        • Piston - Pin to Bore
        • Piston - Diameter
        • Piston-to-Cylinder Bore Clearance
        • Piston - Selection
        • Piston - Ring End Gap
        • Piston - Ring-to-Groove Clearance
        • Piston - Pin Diameter
        • Connecting Rod - Cleaning
        • Connecting Rod - Large End Bore
        • Connecting Rod - Bushing Diameter
        • Connecting Rod - Bend
        • Connecting Rod - Twist
        • Connecting Rod - Piston Pin Side Clearance
        • Connecting Rod - Bearing Journal Clearance
        • Connecting Rod - Side Clearance
        • Roller Follower - Inspection
          • Push Rod Engines
          • OHC Engines
        • Valve Tappet - Inspection
          • Push Rod Engines
          • OHC Engines
        • Valve - Stem Diameter
        • Valve Stem to Valve Guide Clearance
        • Valve - Inspection
        • Valve - Guide Inner Diameter
        • Valve - Guide Reaming
        • Valve - Spring Installed Length
        • Valve - Spring Free Length
        • Valve - Spring Squareness
        • Valve Spring Strength
        • Valve - Seat Inspection
          • Valve and Seat Refacing Measurements
        • Valve - Seat Width
        • Valve - Seat Runout
        • Cylinder Head - Distortion
        • Cylinder Bore - Cleaning
        • Cylinder Block Core Plug Replacement
          • Notes
          • Expansion-Type
        • Spark Plug - Inspection
        • Exhaust Manifold - Inspection
        • Bearing - Inspection
  • Starter
    • Starting System
      • Description
      • Component Locations
      • Adjustments
        • Digital Transmission Range Sensor
      • Trouble Shooting
      • System Tests
        • Notes
        • Test A: Engine Does Not Crank
        • Test B: Unusual Starter Noise
      • On-Vehicle Testing
        • Notes
        • Voltage Drop Test
        • Starter Ground Circuit Test
      • Removal & Installation
        • Starter Motor
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (2.3L)
          • Removal & Installation (3.0L)
          • Removal & Installation (4.0L)
      • Starter Specifications
      • Torque Specifications
      • Wiring Diagrams
        • 2003
        • 2004
• Engine Performance
  • Emissions
    • EGR Function Testing - Ford - Trucks
      • EGR Function Testing - Ford - Trucks
        • Test 1
          • Ported EGR Valve
        • Test 2
          • Backpressure Transducer EGR System
        • Test 3
          • Integral Backpressure Transducer Assembly
        • Test 4
          • Electronic EGR Valve
        • Test 5
          • Vacuum Amplifier (If Equipped)
        • Test 6
          • EEC-V Equipped Vehicles
        • Test 7
          • 1996-97 EEC-IV Equipped Trucks
        • Test 8
          • EGR Valve
          • EGR Vacuum Regulator Solenoid
        • Test 9
    • Emission Applications
      • Emission Applications
    • Emission Control Abbreviations
      • "A"
      • "B"
      • "C"
      • "D"
      • "E"
      • "F"
      • "G"
      • "H"
      • "I"
      • "K"
      • "L"
      • "M"
      • "N"
      • "O"
      • "P"
      • "R"
      • "S"
      • "T"
      • "V"
      • "W"
    • State Emission Standards - Diesel
      • ARIZONA
      • Colorado
      • CONNECTICUT
      • IDAHO
      • KENTUCKY
      • MASSACHUSETTS
      • New YORK
      • OHIO
      • RHODE Island
      • UTAH
      • WASHINGTON
    • State Emission Standards - Gas
      • ALASKA
      • ARIZONA
      • CALIFORNIA
        • California Emission Standards ASM Tests
        • Legend
        • Pass/Fail Emission Standards = A+B / VTW
      • Colorado
      • CONNECTICUT
      • DELAWARE
      • District Of COLUMBIA
      • GEORGIA
      • IDAHO
      • ILLINOIS
      • INDIANA
      • KENTUCKY
      • MARYLAND
      • MASSACHUSETTS
      • MISSOURI
      • NEVADA
      • New Jersey
      • New MEXICO
      • New YORK
      • North CAROLINA
      • OHIO
      • OREGON
      • PENNSYLVANIA
      • RHODE Island
      • TENNESSEE
      • TEXAS
      • UTAH
      • VIRGINIA
      • WASHINGTON
      • WISCONSIN
      • U. S. EPA ASM2525 & ASM5015 Start-Up Emission Standards
      • U. S. EPA Revised Final ASM Emission Standards (ASM5015 & ASM2525)
      • U.S. EPA Im240 Emission Standards
        • Start-Up Standards
        • Final Standards
  • Engine Control Systems
    • Acceleration Control System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Acceleration Control
          • Component Location
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Acceleration Control
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
      • Removal And Installation
        • Pedal - Accelerator
          • Removal and Installation
        • Accelerator Cable - 2.3L
          • Removal and Installation
        • Accelerator Cable - 3.0L
          • Removal and Installation
        • Accelerator Cable - 4.0L
          • Removal and Installation
  • Fuel Delivery
    • Fuel System & Engine Control System - 2.3L
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Fuel Charging and Controls
          • Sequential Multiport Fuel Injection (SFI)
          • Throttle Body
          • Fuel Injectors
          • Fuel Injection Supply Manifold
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Fuel Charging and Controls
      • Removal And Installation
        • Throttle Body
          • Removal and Installation
        • Fuel Injectors
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Fuel Charging Wiring Harness
          • Removal and Installation
        • Fuel Injection Supply Manifold
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Fuel Pressure Relief Valve
          • Removal and Installation
    • Fuel System-General Information
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Fuel System
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Fuel System
      • General Procedures
        • Fuel System Pressure Release
        • Fuel Tank Draining
        • Spring Lock Couplings
          • Notes
          • Disconnect
          • Connect
        • Fuel Line Fittings-Push Connect
          • Notes
          • Disconnect
          • Connect
        • Fuel Line Fittings-Push Release
          • Disconnect
          • Connect
        • Vapor Tube Fittings-Push Release
          • Disconnect
          • Connect
    • Fuel Tank & Fuel Lines
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Fuel Tank and Lines
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Fuel Tank and Lines
      • Removal And Installation
        • Fuel Tank Support Straps
          • Removal and Installation
        • Fuel Tank
          • Removal and Installation
        • Fuel Pump
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Fuel Tank Filler Pipe
          • Removal and Installation
        • Fuel Filter
        • Inertia Fuel Shutoff (IFS) Switch
          • Removal and Installation
  • Engine Ignition System - 2.3L
    • Specifications
      • General Specifications
      • Torque Specifications
    • Description And Operation
      • Engine Ignition
    • Diagnosis And Testing
      • Engine Ignition
    • Removal And Installation
      • Ignition Coil
        • Notes
        • Removal and Installation
      • Spark Plug Wire
        • Notes
        • Removal and Installation
      • Spark Plug
        • Removal and Installation
  • Mode 6 - 2004 Ford - Except Diesel
    • Introduction
    • Catalyst Monitor
    • Misfire Monitor
    • Air System Monitor
    • EVAP Monitor
    • Front Ho2S Monitor
    • Rear Ho2S Monitor
    • Ho2S Heater Monitor
    • EGR Monitor
  • Pin Voltage Charts
    • Engine Controls - Reference Values - Aviator Through F-Series Heritage - CNG, Flex-Fuel & Gasoline
      • Aviator 4.6L
      • Crown Victoria 4.6L CNG
      • Crown Victoria/Grand Marquis 4.6L
      • E-Series 5.4L (4R100)
      • E-Series 5.4L (4R75W)
      • E/F-Series 6.8L (A/T)
      • F-Series 6.8L (M/T)
      • E/F-Series Heritage 4.6L (A/T)
      • F-Series Heritage 4.2L (A/T)
      • F-Series Heritage 4.2L (M/T)
      • F-Series Heritage 4.6L (M/T)
      • F-Series Heritage 5.4L (4R100)
      • F-Series Heritage 5.4L SVT Supercharged
      • F-Series Heritage 5.4L CNG (A/T)
    • Engine Controls - Reference Values - ECONOLINE Through Explorer/Mountaineer - CNG, Flex-Fuel & Gasoline
      • Econoline 5.4L CNG (A/T)
      • Escape 2.0L 4V (M/T)
      • Escape 3.0L 4V (A/T)
      • Excursion 5.4L (4R100)
      • Excursion 6.8L (4R100)
      • Expedition 4.6L
      • Expedition 5.4L (A/T)
      • Explorer Sport Trac 4.0L SOHC
      • Explorer/Mountaineer 4.0L SOHC
      • Explorer/Mountaineer 4.6L
    • Engine Controls - Reference Values - F-150 Through Focus - CNG, Flex-Fuel & Gasoline
      • F-150 4.6L
      • F-150 5.4L 3V
      • F-250/F-350-Series 5.4L (4R100)
      • F-250/F-350-Series 5.4L (M/T)
      • Focus 2.0L 2V (A/T)
      • Focus 2.0L 2V (M/T)
      • Focus 2.0L 4V (A/T)
      • Focus 2.0L 4V (M/T)
      • Focus 2.0L 4V SVT (M/T)
      • Focus 2.3L 4V PZEV (A/T)
      • Focus 2.3L 4V PZEV (M/T)
    • Engine Controls - Reference Values - FREESTAR Through Mustang Cobra - CNG, Flex-Fuel & Gasoline
      • Freestar 3.9L
      • Freestar/Monterey 4.2L
      • LS6 3.0L
      • LS8 3.9L
      • Marauder 4.6L 4V
      • Mustang 3.8L/3.9L (A/T)
      • Mustang 3.8L/3.9L (M/T)
      • Mustang 4.6L 2V (A/T)
      • Mustang 4.6L 2V (M/T)
      • Mustang Mach I4.6L 4V
      • Mustang Cobra 4.6L 4V SVT Supercharged
    • Engine Controls - Reference Values - Introduction - CNG, Flex-Fuel & Gasoline
      • Reference Value Symptom Chart
        • Notes
        • Symptom Chart
      • Reference Value PID/Measured Signal Chart
      • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
        • Notes
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Index By Model
    • Engine Controls - Reference Values - Navigator Through Town Car - CNG, Flex-Fuel & Gasoline
      • Navigator 5.4L 4V (A/T)
      • Ranger 2.3L (A/T)
      • Ranger 2.3L (M/T)
      • Ranger 3.0L (A/T)
      • Ranger 3.0L (M/T)
      • Ranger 4.0L (A/T)
      • Ranger 4.0L (M/T)
      • Taurus/Sable 3.0L 4V
      • Taurus/Sable 3.0L Gas & Flex Fuel
      • Thunderbird 3.9L
      • Town Car 4.6L
  • Remove, Overhaul & Install
    • Electronic Engine Control System
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Electronic Engine Controls
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Electronic Engine Controls
      • Removal And Installation
        • Camshaft Position (CMP) Sensor - 2.3L
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Camshaft Position (CMP) Sensor - 3.0L
          • Removal and Installation
        • Camshaft Position (CMP) Sensor - 4.0L
          • Removal and Installation
        • Synchronizer - Camshaft, 3.0L
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Catalyst Monitor Sensor
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Crankshaft Position (CKP) Sensor - 2.3L
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Crankshaft Position (CKP) Sensor - 3.0L
          • Removal and Installation
        • Crankshaft Position (CKP) Sensor - 4.0L
          • Removal and Installation
        • Powertrain Control Module (PCM)
          • Removal and Installation
        • Throttle Position (TP) Sensor - 2.3L
          • Removal and Installation
        • Throttle Position (TP) Sensor - 3.0L
          • Removal and Installation
        • Throttle Position (TP) Sensor - 4.0L
          • Removal and Installation
        • Idle Air Control (IAC) Valve - 2.3L
          • Removal and Installation
        • Idle Air Control (IAC) Valve - 3.0L
          • Removal and Installation
        • Idle Air Control (IAC) Valve - 4.0L
          • Removal and Installation
        • Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor - 3.0L
          • Removal and Installation
        • Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor - 4.0L
          • Removal and Installation
        • Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP) Sensor - 2.3L
          • Removal and Installation
        • Mass Air Flow (MAF) Sensor
          • Removal and Installation
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S)
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Knock Sensor (KS) - 2.3L
          • Removal and Installation
        • Knock Sensor (KS) - 3.0L
        • Knock Sensor (KS) - 4.0L
          • Removal and Installation
        • Cylinder Head Temperature (CHT) Sensor - 2.3L
          • Removal and Installation
        • Clutch Pedal Position (CPP) Switch
          • Removal and Installation
    • Intake Air Distribution & Filtering
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Intake Air Distribution and Filtering
          • Notes
          • Air Intake Component Locations
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Intake Air Distribution and Filtering
      • Removal And Installation
        • Air Cleaner Outlet Pipe - 2.3L
          • Removal and Installation
        • Air Cleaner Outlet Pipe - 3.0L
          • Removal and Installation
        • Air Cleaner Outlet Pipe - 4.0L
          • Removal and Installation
        • Air Cleaner
          • Removal and Installation
        • Air Cleaner Element
          • Removal and Installation
  • Specifications
    • Firing Order & Cylinder Identification
      • Firing Order & Cylinder Identification
        • Notes
        • 3 Cylinder Engine
        • 4 Cylinder Engine
        • 5 Cylinder Engine
        • V6 Engine
          • 3.3L (VIN T) Engines
          • 3.0L Villager Engine
          • All Other V6 Engines Except 3.3L (VIN T) & 3.0L Villager Engine
        • V8 Engine
          • 3.9L (VIN A) V8 Engines
          • 5.2L V8 Engines
          • 5.0L (Mustang Only) & 6.2L V8 Engines
          • All Other Gasoline V8 Engines Except 3.9L (VIN A), 5.0L (Mustang Only), 5.2L & 6.2L
          • Diesel V8 Engine (To 2010)
          • 6.7L Diesel V8 Engine (From 2011)
        • V10 Engine
    • Fuel System Pressure Specifications
      • Fuel Systems
        • Fuel Pressure - Cars
        • Fuel Pressure - Trucks
  • System
    • Engine Controls - Diagnostic Methods - CNG, Flex-Fuel & Gasoline
      • Diagnostic Methods
        • Overview
      • Diagnostic Tools
      • Scan Tool Set-up and Functionality
      • Vehicle Check/Preparation
        • Notes
        • Visual Checks
        • Vehicle Preparation
      • Quick Test
        • Notes
        • Key On Engine Off (KOEO) On-Demand Self-Test
        • Key On Engine Running (KOER) On-Demand Self-Test
          • Notes
          • Brake Pedal Position Test
          • Transmission Control Switch Test
          • Power Steering Pressure Test
        • Continuous Memory Self-Test
      • Parameter Identification (PID)
        • Description
        • Generic OBD II PID List
        • Ford PID List
      • On-Board System Readiness
        • Description
      • Freeze Frame Data
        • Description
      • Output Test Mode
        • Description
      • Clear The Continuous Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) And Reset The Emission Monitors Information in The Powertrain Control Module (PCM)
        • Description
      • Resetting The Keep Alive Memory (KAM)
        • Description
      • Flash Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory - Flash EEPROM
        • Description
        • Programming the VID Block for a Replacement PCM
        • Making Changes to the VID Block
        • Making Changes to the PCM Calibration
      • Diagnostic Monitoring Test Results
      • Drive Cycles
        • Description of OBD II Drive Cycle
        • Drive Cycle Recommendations
      • Intermittent Diagnostic Techniques
        • Notes
        • Recreating the Fault
        • Accumulating PCM Data
          • Notes
          • Analyzing Data From Playback of Stored PIDs
        • Peripheral Inputs
        • Comparing PCM Data
      • Adaptive Fuel DTCs Diagnostic Techniques
        • Notes
        • Obtain Freeze Frame Data
        • Using the LONGFT1 and LONGFT2 (dual bank engines) PIDs
        • Resetting Long Term Fuel Trims
        • P0171/P0174 System Too Lean Diagnostic Aids
          • Notes
          • Air Measurement System:
          • Vacuum Leaks/Unmetered Air:
          • Insufficient Fueling:
          • Exhaust System Leaks:
        • P0172/P0175 System Too Rich Diagnostic Aids
          • Notes
          • Air Measurement System:
          • Fuel System:
          • Base Engine
      • Basic Circuit Checks
        • Description
          • Notes
          • Open Circuit (Continuity)
          • Shorts to Ground
          • Shorts to Power
    • Engine Controls - Introduction - CNG, Flex-Fuel & Gasoline
      • Introduction
      • Important Safety Notice
        • Notes
        • Notes, Cautions, and Warnings
      • Preface
        • Notes
        • Description And Operation Article
        • Diagnostic Methods Article
        • Symptom Charts Article
        • Powertrain DTC Charts and Description Article
        • Pinpoint Tests Article
        • Reference Values Article
      • How To Use The Diagnostic Procedures
      • What's New In This Service Information
        • Notes
        • New Authoring Software Used For Powertrain DTC Charts and Description and Pinpoint Tests:
          • Notes
          • New Vehicles:
          • Deleted Vehicles:
          • Other Changes:
      • Acronyms and Definitions
        • Notes
        • Transmissions
    • Engine Controls - Pinpoint Test A: No Start Through Pinpoint Test DJ: Air Conditioner Evaporator Temperature (ACET) Sensor - CNG, Flex-Fuel & Gasoline
      • Pinpoint Test A: No Start
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test B: Powertrain control module (PCM) Power Relay
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test C: Reference Voltage
        • Notes
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test DA: Intake Air Temperature (IAT) Sensor
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Intake Air Temperature (IAT) Connector
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test DC: Mass Air Flow Sensor
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test DD: Fuel Rail Pressure (FRP), Fuel Rail Temperature (FRT) and Fuel Rail Pressure Temperature (FRPT) Sensors
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Tables and Graphs
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test procedure
      • Pinpoint Test DF: Vehicle Speed Circuit Check
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Typical Circuit Schematic
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test DG: Knock sensor
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test DH: Throttle Position (TP) Sensor
        • Notes
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test DJ: Air Conditioner Evaporator Temperature (ACET) Sensor
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
    • Engine Controls - Pinpoint Test DK: Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor Through Pinpoint Test DV: Throttle Body Assembly Etc - CNG, Flex-Fuel & Gasoline
      • Pinpoint Test DK: Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test DL: Cylinder Head Temperature (CHT) Sensor
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Marauder Only
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint test DM: Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP) and Thermal Manifold Absolute Pressure (TMAP) Sensor
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test DP: Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS)/Transfer Case Speed Sensor (TCSS)
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test DQ: Barometric Pressure (BARO) Sensor
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test DR: Camshaft Position (CMP) Sensor
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test DS: Air Conditioning Pressure (ACP) Sensor
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test DT: Power Steering Pressure Sensor
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test DU: Intake Air Temperature 2 Sensor
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Intake Air Temperature 2 (IAT2) Connector
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test DV: Throttle Body Assembly ETC
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
    • Engine Controls - Pinpoint Test DX: Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor Through Pinpoint Test HC: Fuel Delivery System - CNG, Flex-Fuel & Gasoline
      • Pinpoint Test DX: Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test DY: Engine Oil Temperature (EOT) Sensor
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test EM: Emission Compliance
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test FB: Power Take Off
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Typical PTO wiring diagram.
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test FD: Brake Pedal Inputs
        • Notes
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test FF: Power steering pressure switch
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test H: Fuel Control
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test HA: Natural Gas Fuel Control
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test HB: Natural Gas Fuel Delivery System
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Typical NGV Fuel System
            • Notes
            • Safe Fuel Handling Practices: Natural Gas - Fire
            • First Aid
            • Health
            • Handling
            • Leakage
          • Fuel Shutoff Valve (FSV) Solenoid Connector
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test HC: Fuel Delivery System
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Safe Fuel Handling Practices: Gasoline, Methanol, And Methanol Blends
            • Fire
            • First Aid
            • Health
            • Handling
            • Spills
          • Inertia Fuel Shutoff (IFS) Switch - Reset Instructions
        • Test Procedure
    • Engine Controls - Pinpoint Test Hd: Misfire Detection Monitor Through Pinpoint Test HY: Generator/Regulator System - CNG, Flex-Fuel & Gasoline
      • Pinpoint Test HD: Misfire Detection Monitor
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test HE: Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Systems
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Typical DPFE EGR System
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test HF: Catalyst Efficiency Monitor and Exhaust Systems
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Catalyst Efficiency Monitor Overview
            • Notes
            • High Catalyst Efficiency
            • Low Catalyst Efficiency
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test HG: Positive Crankcase Ventilation (PCV) System
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Positive Crankcase Ventilation (PCV) Connector
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test HH: Exhaust Gas Recirculation System Module (ESM)
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • ESM EGR Assembly
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test HK: Variable Cam Timing (VCT)
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test HM: Secondary Air Injection (AIR) System
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Typical AIR wiring diagram.
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test HU: Intake Air Systems
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Intake Air System
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test HX: Evaporative Emission (EVAP) Monitor and System
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Typical EVAP System
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test HY: Generator/Regulator System
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
    • Engine Controls - Pinpoint Test Index - CNG, Flex-Fuel & Gasoline
      • Pinpoint Test Index
    • Engine Controls - Pinpoint Test JB: Secondary Ignition (Cop) Through Pinpoint Test KD: Electric Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION (EEGR) System - CNG, Flex-Fuel & Gasoline
      • Pinpoint Test JB: Secondary Ignition (COP)
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test JC: Secondary Ignition (Coil Pack)
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test JD: Crankshaft Position (CKP) Sensor
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test JE: Integrated Ignition Coil Pack A, B or C Failure
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Pinpoint Test Schematics and Connectors
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test JF: Integrated Ignition Coil On Plug Coil A Through J Failure
        • Notes
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test JH: Tachometer Signal Output CTO
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test KA: Fuel Pump Relay
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test KB: Fuel Pump Driver Module
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test KC: Fuel Shutoff Valve Relay
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
          • Typical Schematic
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test KD: Electric Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EEGR) System
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
    • Engine Controls - Pinpoint Test KE: Idle Air Control (IAC) Valve Through Pinpoint Test QA: Unable To Activate Self-Test/Network Communication Error/DTC P1001 - CNG, Flex-Fuel & Gasoline
      • Pinpoint Test KE: Idle Air Control (IAC) Valve
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test KF: Fan Control relays
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Three Speed Fan Operation
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test KJ: Supercharger Bypass Control
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test KM: Air conditioning clutch relay circuit
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test KN: Variable Speed Electric Cooling Fan
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test KP: Charge air cooler (CAC) pump
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test NB: Malfunction Indicator Lamp
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test NC: Ignition Engine Speed Input Circuit
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test ND: Engine RPM\Vehicle Speed Limiter Reached
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test QA: Unable to Activate Self-Test/Network Communication Error/DTC P1001
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Typical PCM to DLC network connection
            • Important Instructions
        • Test Procedure
    • Engine Controls - Pinpoint Test QB: DTCS P0603 Or P1633: Keep Alive Power Through Pinpoint Test Z: Intermittent - CNG, Flex-Fuel & Gasoline
      • Pinpoint Test QB: DTCs P0603 or P1633: Keep Alive Power
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test QC: DTC P1000: On Board Diagnostic (OBD) Systems Readiness Test Not Complete
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test QD: DTC P1260: Passive Anti Theft System
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test QE: Electronic Throttle Control (ETC) System
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test TA: Clutch Pedal Position CPP2 Switch
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test TB: Transmission Control Switch TCS/Transmission Control Indicator Lamp TCIL
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test TG: 4x4 Low Switch (4X4LSW) And Four Wheel Drive (4WD) Switch
        • Notes
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test TJ: Output Shaft Speed (OSS) Sensor Introduction
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test X: Constant Control Relay Module (CCRM)
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Constant Control Relay Module (CCRM) Connector
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test Z: Intermittent
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
    • Engine Controls - Powertrain DTC Charts & Descriptions - CNG, Flex-Fuel & Gasoline
      • Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Charts
        • Notes
        • P0010: Intake Camshaft Position Actuator Circuit Open (Bank 1)
        • P0011: Intake Camshaft Position Timing - Over- Advanced (Bank 1)
        • P0012: Variable Camshaft Timing Over-Retarded (Bank 1)
        • P0013: Exhaust Camshaft Position Actuator Circuit / Open (Bank 1)
        • P0020: Intake Camshaft Position Actuator Circuit Open (Bank 2)
        • P0021: Intake Camshaft Position Timing - Over- Advanced (Bank 2)
        • P0022: Intake Camshaft Position Timing - Over- Retarded (Bank 2)
        • P0040: Upstream Oxygen Sensors Swapped From Bank To Bank (Ho2S-11-21)
        • P0041: Downstream Oxygen Sensors Swapped From Bank To Bank (Ho2S-12-22)
        • P0053: Ho2S Heater Resistance (Bank 1, Sensor 1)
        • P0054: Ho2S Heater Resistance (Bank 1, Sensor 2)
        • P0055: Ho2S Heater Resistance (Bank 1, Sensor 3)
        • P0059: Ho2S Heater Resistance (Bank 2, Sensor 1)
        • P0060: Ho2S Heater Resistance (Bank 2, Sensor 2)
        • P0061: Ho2S Heater Resistance (Bank 2, Sensor 3)
        • P0068: Throttle Position (TP) Sensor Inconsistent With The MAF Sensor
        • P0102: Mass Air Flow (MAF) Circuit Low Input
        • P0103: Mass Air Flow (MAF) Circuit High Input
        • P0104: Mass Or Volume Air Flow A Circuit Intermittent/Erratic
        • P0106: Barometric (BARO) Pressure Sensor Circuit Performance
        • P0107: BARO/Map Sensor Low Voltage Detected
        • P0108: BARO/Map Sensor High Voltage Detected
        • P0109: BARO Sensor Circuit Intermittent
        • P0112: Intake Air Temperature (IAT) Sensor 1 Circuit Low Input
        • P0113: Intake Air Temperature (IAT) Sensor 1 Circuit High Input
        • P0114: Intake Air Temperature (IAT) Sensor 1 Intermittent/Erratic
        • P0116: Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor 1 Circuit Range/Performance Failure
        • P0117: Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor 1 Circuit Low Input
        • P0118: Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor 1 Circuit High Input
        • P0119: Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor 1 Circuit Intermittent/Erratic
        • P0121: Etc Throttle Position (TP1) Sensor Circuit Range/Performance (Vehicles With Electronic Throttle Control (Etc))
        • P0121: Throttle Position (TP) Circuit Performance Problem (All Others)
        • P0122: Etc Throttle Position (TP1) Sensor Circuit Low Input (Vehicles With Electronic Throttle Control (Etc))
        • P0122: Throttle Position (TP) Sensor Circuit Low Input (All Others)
        • P0123: Etc Throttle Position (TP1) Sensor Circuit High Input (Vehicles With Electronic Throttle Control (Etc))
        • P0123: Throttle Position (TP) Circuit High Input (All Others)
        • P0125: Insufficient Coolant Temperature For Closed Loop Fuel Control
        • P0127: Intake Air Temperature Too High
        • P0128: Coolant Thermostat (Coolant Temperature Below Thermostat Regulating Temperature)
        • P0131: Ho2S Sensor Circuit Out Of Range Low Voltage (Ho2S-11)
        • P0132: Ho2S Sensor Circuit High Voltage (Ho2S-11)
        • P0133: Ho2S Sensor Circuit Slow Response (Ho2S-11)
        • P0135: Ho2S Sensor Circuit Malfunction (Ho2S-11)
        • P0136: Ho2S Sensor Circuit Malfunction (Ho2S-12)
        • P0138: Ho2S Sensor Circuit High Voltage (Ho2S-12)
        • P0141: Ho2S Sensor Circuit Malfunction (Ho2S-12)
        • P0144: Ho2S Sensor Circuit High Voltage (Ho2S-13)
        • P0147: Ho2S Sensor Circuit Malfunction (Ho2S-13)
        • P0148: Fuel Delivery Error
        • P0151: Ho2S Sensor Circuit Out Of Range Low Voltage (Ho2S-21)
        • P0152: Ho2S Sensor Circuit High Voltage (Ho2S-21)
        • P0153: Ho2S Sensor Circuit Slow Response (Ho2S-21)
        • P0155: Ho2S Sensor Circuit Malfunction (Ho2S-21)
        • P0156: Ho2S Sensor Circuit High Voltage (Ho2S-22)
        • P0158: Ho2S Sensor Circuit High Voltage (Ho2S-22)
        • P0161: Ho2S Sensor Circuit Malfunction (Ho2S-22)
        • P0167: Ho2S Sensor Circuit Malfunction (Ho2S-23)
        • P0171: System Too Lean (Bank 1)
        • P0172: System Too Rich (Bank 1)
        • P0174: System Too Lean (Bank 2)
        • P0175: System Too Rich (Bank 2)
        • P0180: Engine Fuel Temperature Sensor A Circuit Low Input (Eft)
        • P0181: Engine Fuel Temperature Sensor A Circuit Range/Performance (Eft)
        • P0182: Engine Fuel Temperature Sensor A Circuit Low Input (Eft)
        • P0183: Engine Fuel Temperature Sensor A Circuit High Input (Eft)
        • P0186: Engine Fuel Temperature Sensor B Circuit Range/Performance (Eft)
        • P0187: Engine Fuel Temperature Sensor B Circuit Low Input (Eft)
        • P0188: Engine Fuel Temperature Sensor B Circuit High Input (Eft)
        • P0190: Fuel Rail Pressure (FRP) Sensor Circuit Malfunction
        • P0191: Fuel Rail Pressure (FRP) Sensor Circuit Performance
        • P0192: Fuel Rail Pressure (FRP) Sensor Circuit Low Input
        • P0193: Fuel Rail Pressure (FRP) Sensor Circuit High Input
        • P0196: Engine Oil Temperature (EOT) Sensor Circuit Range/Performance
        • P0197: Engine Oil Temperature (EOT) Sensor Circuit Low Input
        • P0198: Engine Oil Temperature (EOT) Sensor Circuit High Input
        • P0201: Cylinder No. 1 Injector Circuits
        • P0202: Cylinder No. 2 Injector Circuits
        • P0203: Cylinder No. 3 Injector Circuits
        • P0204: Cylinder No. 4 Injector Circuits
        • P0205: Cylinder No. 5 Injector Circuits
        • P0206: Cylinder No. 6 Injector Circuits
        • P0207: Cylinder No. 7 Injector Circuits
        • P0208: Cylinder No. 8 Injector Circuits
        • P0209: Cylinder No. 9 Injector Circuits
        • P0210: Cylinder No. 10 Injector Circuits
        • P0211: Cylinder No. 11 Injector Circuits
        • P0212: Cylinder No. 12 Injector Circuits
        • P0217: Engine Coolant Over- Temperature Condition
        • P0218: Transmission Fluid TFT Over- Temperature Condition
        • P0219: Engine Over Speed Condition
        • P0221: Throttle Position (TP2) Sensor Circuit Range/Performance
        • P0222: Throttle Position (TP2) Sensor Circuit Low Input
        • P0223: Throttle Position (TP2) Sensor Circuit High Input
        • P0230: Fuel Pump Primary Circuit Malfunction
        • P0231: Fuel Pump Secondary Circuit Low
        • P0232: Fuel Pump Secondary Circuit High
        • P0234: Supercharger OVERBOOST Condition
        • P0243: Supercharger (Boost) Bypass Solenoid Circuit Malfunction
        • P0297: Vehicle Over Speed Condition
        • P0298: Engine Oil Over Temperature Condition
        • P0300: Random Misfire
        • P0301 - P0309: Misfire Detection Monitor
        • P0310: Misfire Detection Monitor
        • P0315: The Pcm Is Unable To Learn Crankshaft Pulse Wheel Tooth Spacing (Exceeded The Allowable Correction Tolerances)
        • P0316: Misfire Occurred In The First 1,000 Engine Revolutions
        • P0320: Ignition Engine Speed Input Circuit Malfunction
        • P0325: Knock Sensor 1 Circuit Malfunction (Bank 1)
        • P0326: Knock Sensor 1 Circuit Range/Performance (Bank 1)
        • P0330: Knock Sensor 2 Circuit Malfunction (Bank 2)
        • P0331: Knock Sensor 2 Circuit Range/Performance (Bank 2)
        • P0340: Camshaft Position (CMP) Sensor Circuit Malfunction (Bank 1)
        • P0344 - Camshaft Position Sensor A Circuit Intermittent (Bank 1 Or Single Sensor)
        • P0345: Camshaft Position (CMP) Sensor Circuit Malfunction (Bank 2)
        • P0349 - Camshaft Position Sensor A Circuit Intermittent (Bank 2)
        • P0350: Ignition Coil (Undetermined) Primary/Secondary Circuit Malfunction
        • P0351: Ignition Coil A Primary/Secondary Circuit Malfunction
        • P0352: Ignition Coil B Primary/Secondary Circuit Malfunction
        • P0353: Ignition Coil C Primary/Secondary Circuit Malfunction
        • P0354: Ignition Coil D Primary/Secondary Circuit Malfunction
        • P0355: Ignition Coil E Primary/Secondary Circuit Malfunction
        • P0356: Ignition Coil F Primary/Secondary Circuit Malfunction
        • P0357: Ignition Coil G Primary/Secondary Circuit Malfunction
        • P0358: Ignition Coil H Primary/Secondary Circuit Malfunction
        • P0359: Ignition Coil I Primary/Secondary Circuit Malfunction
        • P0360: Ignition Coil J Primary/Secondary Circuit Malfunction
        • P0400: EGR Flow Failure (Outside The Minimum Or Maximum Limits)
        • P0401: EGR Flow Insufficient Detected
        • P0402: EGR Flow Excessive Detected
        • P0403: EGR Vacuum Regulator Solenoid Circuit Malfunction (Vehicles With Out Electric EGR)
        • P0405: DPF EGR Sensor Circuit Low Voltage Detected
        • P0406: DPF EGR Sensor Circuit High Voltage Detected
        • P0411: Secondary Air Injection (Air) System Upstream Flow
        • P0412: Secondary Air Injection (Air) System Circuit Malfunction
        • P0420: Catalyst System Efficiency Below Threshold (Bank 1)
        • P0430: Catalyst System Efficiency Below Threshold (Bank 2)
        • P0442: EVAP Control System Leak Detected (Small Leak)
        • P0443: EVAP Control System Canister Purge Valve Circuit Malfunction
        • P0446: EVAP Control System Canister Vent Solenoid Circuit Malfunction
        • P0451: EVAP System Ftp Sensor Range/Performance/Intermittent
        • P0452: Ftp Sensor Circuit Low Voltage Detected
        • P0453: Ftp Sensor Circuit High Voltage Detected
        • P0454: Ftp Sensor Circuit Noisy
        • P0455: EVAP Control System Leak Detected (No Purge Flow Or Large Leak)
        • P0456: EVAP Control System Leak Detected (Very Small Leak)
        • P0457: EVAP Control System Leak Detected (Fuel Filler Cap Loose/Off)
        • P0460: Fuel Level Sensor Circuit Malfunction
        • P0461: Fuel Level Sensor Circuit Range/Performance
        • P0462: Fuel Level Sensor Circuit Low Input
        • P0463: Fuel Level Sensor Circuit High Input
        • P0480: Low Fan Control (LFC)/Fan Control 1 (FC1) Primary Circuit Malfunction (Relay Controlled Electric Cooling Fan)
        • P0481: High Fan Control (HFC)/Fan Control 3 (FC3) Primary Circuit Malfunction
        • P0482: Medium Fan Control (MFC) Primary Circuit Failure
        • P0500: Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS) Malfunction
        • P0501 - Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS) Range/Performance
        • P0503: Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS) Intermittent
        • P0505: Idle Air Control (IAC) System Malfunction (Vehicles With Electronic Throttle Control (Etc))
        • P0505: Idle Air Control System Malfunction (All Others)
        • P0506: Idle Air Control (IAC) System Rpm Lower Than Expected (Vehicles With Electronic Throttle Control (Etc))
        • P0506: Idle Air Control System Rpm Lower Than Expected (All Others)
        • P0507: Idle Air Control (IAC) System Rpm Higher Than Expected (Vehicles With Electronic Throttle Control (Etc))
        • P0507: Idle Air Control System Rpm Higher Than Expected (All Others)
        • P0511 - Idle Air Control Circuit Malfunction
        • P0532 - Air Conditioning Pressure Sensor (ACP) Sensor High Voltage Detected
        • P0533 - Air Conditioning Pressure Sensor (ACP) Sensor Low Voltage Detected
        • P0534 - Low A/C Cycling Period
        • P0537 - A/C Evaporator Temperature (ACET) Circuit Low Input
        • P0538 - A/C Evaporator Temperature (ACET) Circuit High Input
        • P0552 - Power Steering Pressure (PSP) Sensor Circuit Low Input
        • P0553 - Power Steering Pressure (PSP) Sensor Circuit High Input
        • P0602 - Control Module Programming Error
        • P0603 - Powertrain Control Module Keep Alive Memory (KAM) Error
        • P0605 - Pcm Read Only Memory (ROM) Error
        • P0606 - Powertrain Control Module Internal Communication Error
        • P0620 - Generator Control Circuit Failure
        • P0622 - Generator Field Terminal Circuit Failure
        • P0645
        • P0657 - Actuator Supply Voltage A Circuit/Open
        • P0660 - Intake Manifold Tuning Valve (IMTV) Control Circuit Open - Bank 1
        • P0663 - Intake Manifold Tuning Valve (IMTV) Control Circuit Open - Bank 2
        • P0703 - Brake Switch Circuit Input Malfunction
        • P0704 - Clutch Pedal Position Switch Malfunction
        • P0720 - Insufficient Input From The Output Shaft Speed Sensor
        • P0721 - Noise Interference On The Output Shaft Speed Sensor Signal
        • P0722 - No Signal From The Output Shaft Speed Sensor
        • P0723 - Output Shaft Speed Sensor Circuit Intermittent Failure
        • P1000 - On Board Diagnostic (OBD) System Readiness Test Not Complete
        • P1001 - KOER Not Able To Complete, KOER Aborted
        • P1100 - Mass Air Flow (MAF) Sensor Intermittent
        • P1101 - Mass Air Flow (MAF) Sensor Out Of Self-Test Range
        • P1112 - Intake Air Temperature Circuit Intermittent
        • P1114 - Intake Air Temperature 2 (IAT2) Circuit Low Input
        • P1115 - Intake Air Temperature 2 (IAT2) Circuit High Input
        • P1116 - Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor Out Of Self- Test Range
        • P1117 - Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor Intermittent
        • P1120 - Throttle Position (TP) Sensor Out Of Range Low (RATCH Too Low)
        • P1121 - Throttle Position (TP) Sensor Inconsistent With The MAF Sensor
        • P1124 - Throttle Position (TP) Sensor Out Of Self-Test Range
        • P1125 - Throttle Position (TP) Sensor Intermittent
        • P1127 - Exhaust Not Warm Enough, Downstream Sensor Not Tested
        • P1128 - Upstream Oxygen Sensors Swapped From Bank To Bank (Ho2S-11-21)
        • P1129 - Downstream Oxygen Sensors Swapped From Bank To Bank (Ho2S-12-22)
        • P1130 - Lack Of Ho2S-11 Switch, Fuel Trim At Limit
        • P1131 - Lack Of Ho2S-11 Switch, Sensor Indicates Lean
        • P1132 - Lack Of Ho2S-11 Switch, Sensor Indicates Rich
        • P1137 - Lack Of Ho2S-12 Switch, Sensor Indicates Lean
        • P1138 - Lack Of Ho2S-12 Switch, Sensor Indicates Rich
        • P1150 - Lack Of Ho2S-21 Switch, Fuel Trim At Limit
        • P1151 - Lack Of Ho2S-21 Switch, Sensor Indicates Lean
        • P1152 - Lack Of Ho2S-21 Switch, Sensor Indicates Rich
        • P1157 - Lack Of Ho2S-22 Switch, Sensor Indicates Lean
        • P1158 - Lack Of Ho2S-22 Switch, Sensor Indicates Rich
        • P1168 - Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor In Range But Low
        • P1169 - Fuel Rail Pressure (FRP) Sensor In Range But High
        • P1180 - Fuel Delivery System - Low
        • P1181 - Fuel Delivery System - High
        • P1184 - Engine Oil Temperature (EOT) Sensor Out Of Self-Test Range
        • P1229 - Supercharger INTERCOOLER Pump (ICP) Not Operating
        • P1232 - Low Speed Fuel Pump Primary Circuit Malfunction
        • P1233 - Fuel System Disabled Or Offline
        • P1235 - Fuel Pump Control Out Of Range
        • P1237 - Fuel Pump Secondary Circuit Malfunction
        • P1244 - Generator Load Input High
        • P1245 - Generator Load Input Low
        • P1246 - Generator Load Input Failed
        • P1260 - Theft Detected - Vehicle Immobilized
        • P1261 - Cylinder 1 High To Low Side Short
        • P1262 - Cylinder 2 High To Low Side Short
        • P1263 - Cylinder 3 High To Low Side Short
        • P1264 - Cylinder 4 High To Low Side Short
        • P1265 - Cylinder 5 High To Low Side Short
        • P1266 - Cylinder 6 High To Low Side Short
        • P1267 - Cylinder 7 High To Low Side Short
        • P1268 - Cylinder 8 High To Low Side Short
        • P1270 - Engine Rpm/Vehicle Speed Limiter
        • P1271 - Cylinder 1 High To Low Side Open
        • P1272 - Cylinder 2 High To Low Side Open
        • P1273 - Cylinder 3 High To Low Side Open
        • P1274 - Cylinder 4 High To Low Side Open
        • P1275 - Cylinder 5 High To Low Side Open
        • P1276 - Cylinder 6 High To Low Side Open
        • P1277 - Cylinder 7 High To Low Side Open
        • P1278 - Cylinder 8 High To Low Side Open
        • P1285 - Cylinder Head Over Temperature
        • P1288 - Cylinder Head Temperature (CHT) Sensor Circuit Out Of Self-Test Range
        • P1289 - Cylinder Head Temperature (CHT) Sensor Circuit High Input
        • P1290 - Cylinder Head Temperature (CHT) Sensor Circuit Low Input
        • P1299 - Cylinder Head Over Temperature Protection Active
        • P1309 - Misfire Monitor Disabled
        • P1336 - CKP And/Or CMP Input Signal To The Pcm Concerns
        • P1380 - Variable Camshaft Timing Solenoid A Circuit Malfunction (Bank 1)
        • P1381 - Variable Camshaft Timing Over-Advanced (Bank 1)
        • P1383 - Variable Camshaft Timing Over-Retarded (Bank 1)
        • P1385 - Variable Camshaft Timing Solenoid A Circuit Malfunction (Bank 2)
        • P1386 - Variable Camshaft Timing Over-Advanced (Bank 2)
        • P1388 - Variable Camshaft Timing Over-Retarded (Bank 2)
        • P1397 - System Voltage Out Of Self - Test Range
        • P1400 - DPF EGR Sensor Circuit Low Voltage Detected
        • P1401 - DPF EGR Sensor Circuit High Voltage Detected
        • P1405 - DPF EGR Sensor Upstream Hose Off Or Plugged
        • P1406 - DPF EGR Sensor Downstream Hose Off Or Plugged
        • P1408 - EGR Flow Out Of Self-Test Range (Non-Mil)
        • P1409 - EGR Vacuum Regulator Solenoid Circuit Malfunction
        • P1436 - A/C Evaporator Temperature (ACET) Circuit Low Input
        • P1437 - A/C Evaporator Temperature (ACET) Circuit High Input
        • P1443 - Very Small Or No Purge Flow Condition
        • P1450 - Unable To Bleed Up Fuel Tank Vacuum
        • P1451 - EVAP Control System Canister Vent Solenoid Circuit Malfunction
        • P1460 - A/C Clutch Relay (A/CCR) Primary Circuit Malfunction (Also Referred To As WAC Circuit)
        • P1461 - Air Conditioning Pressure Sensor (ACP) Sensor High Voltage Detected
        • P1462 - Air Conditioning Pressure Sensor (ACP) Sensor Low Voltage Detected
        • P1463 - Air Conditioning Pressure Sensor (ACP) Insufficient Pressure Change
        • P1464 - A/C Demand Out Of Self-Test Range
        • P1469 - Low A/C Cycling Period
        • P1474 - Cooling Fan Electrical Malfunction (LS, THUNDERBIRD, Crown Victoria, Grand Marquis, Town Car)
        • P1477 - Medium Fan Control (MFC) Primary Circuit Failure
        • P1479 - High Fan Control (HFC)/Fan Control 3 (FC3) Primary Circuit Malfunction
        • P1489 - PCV Heater Control Circuit
        • P1500 - Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS) Intermittent
        • P1501 - Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS) Out Of Self-Test Range
        • P1502 - Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS) Intermittent
        • P1504 - Idle Air Control (IAC) Circuit Malfunction
        • P1506 - Idle Air Control (IAC) OVERSPEED Error
        • P1507 - Idle Air Control (IAC) UNDERSPEED Error
        • P1512 - Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Stuck Closed (Bank 1)
        • P1513 - Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Stuck Closed (Bank 2)
        • P1516 - Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Input Error (Bank 1)
        • P1517 - Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Input Error (Bank 2)
        • P1518 - Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Malfunction (Stuck Open)
        • P1519 - Inlet Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Malfunction (Stuck Closed)
        • P1520 - Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Circuit
        • P1537 - Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Stuck Open (Bank 1)
        • P1538 - Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Stuck Open (Bank 2)
        • P1549 - Intake Manifold Communication Control Circuit Malfunction
        • P1550 - Power Steering Pressure (PSP) Sensor Malfunction
        • P1572 - Brake Pedal Switch Circuit
        • P1582 - Electronic Throttle Monitor Data Available
        • P1633 - Keep Alive Power Voltage Too Low
        • P1635 - Tire/Axle Ratio Out Of Acceptable Range
        • P1636 - Inductive Signature Chip Communication Error
        • P1639 - Vehicle Id Block Not Programmed Or Is Corrupt
        • P1640 - Powertrain DTCS Available In Another Module
        • P1641 - Fuel Pump Primary Circuit Malfunction
        • P1650 - Power Steering Pressure (PSP) Switch Malfunction
        • P1651 - Power Steering Pressure (PSP) Switch Signal Malfunction
        • P1703 - Brake Switch Out Of Self-Test Range
        • P1705 - Transmission Range Sensor Out Of Self-Test Range
        • P1709 - Park/Neutral Position Switch Out Of Self-Test Range
        • P1729 - 4X4L Switch Circuit Malfunction
        • P1780 - Transmission Control Switch Out Of Self-Test Range
        • P1781 - 4X4L Switch Out Of Self-Test Range
        • P1900 - Output Shaft Speed Sensor Circuit Intermittent Failure
        • P1901 - Turbine Shaft Speed Sensor Circuit Intermittent
        • P2004 - Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Stuck Open (Bank 1)
        • P2005 - Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Stuck Open (Bank 2)
        • P2006 - Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Stuck Closed (Bank 1)
        • P2007 - Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Stuck Closed (Bank 2)
        • P2008 - Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Circuit Open (Bank 1)
        • P2014 - Intake Manifold Runner Position Sensor/Switch Circuit (Bank 1)
        • P2019 - Intake Manifold Runner Position Sensor/Switch Circuit (Bank 2)
        • P2065 - Fuel Level Sensor B Circuit Concern
        • P2066 - Fuel Level Sensor B Circuit Concern
        • P2067 - Fuel Level Sensor B Circuit Concern
        • P2068 - Fuel Level Sensor B Circuit Concern
        • P2070 - Intake Manifold Tuning Valve (IMTV) Stuck Open
        • P2071 - Intake Manifold Tuning Valve (IMTV) Stuck Closed
        • P2072 - Pcm Is Indicating The Throttle Mode Has Been Activated (F-150 4.6L)
        • P2072 - Pcm Is Indicating The Throttle Mode Has Been Activated (F-150 5.4L 3V)
        • P2100 - Throttle Actuator Control Motor Circuit/Open
        • P2101 - Throttle Actuator Control Motor Range/Performance
        • P2104 - Throttle Actuator Control System - Forced Idle
        • P2105 - Throttle Actuator Control System - Forced Engine Shutdown
        • P2106 - Throttle Actuator Control System - Forced Limited Power
        • P2107 - Throttle Actuator Control Motor Processor
        • P2110 - Throttle Actuator Control System - Forced Limited Rpm
        • P2111 - Throttle Actuator Control System - Stuck Open
        • P2112 - Throttle Actuator Control System - Stuck Closed
        • P2121 - Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor Circuit 1 Range/Performance
        • P2122 - Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor Circuit 1 Low Input
        • P2123 - Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor Circuit 1 High Input
        • P2126 - Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor Circuit 2 Range/Performance
        • P2127 - Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor Circuit 2 Low Input
        • P2128 - Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor Circuit 2 High Input
        • P2131 - Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor Circuit 3 Range Performance
        • P2132 - Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor Circuit 3 Low Input
        • P2133 - Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor Circuit 3 High Input
        • P2135 - Etc Throttle Position (TP) Sensor A/B Voltage Correlation
        • P2195 - Lack Of Ho2S-11 Switch, Sensor Indicates Lean
        • P2196 - Lack Of Ho2S-11 Switch, Sensor Indicates Rich
        • P2197 - Lack Of Ho2S-21 Switch, Sensor Indicates Lean
        • P2198 - Lack Of Ho2S-21 Switch, Sensor Indicates Rich
        • P2257 - Secondary Air Injection System Monitor Circuit Low
        • P2258 - Secondary Air Injection System Monitor Circuit High
        • P2270 - Lack Of Ho2S-12 Switch, Sensor Indicates Lean
        • P2271 - Lack Of Ho2S-12 Switch, Sensor Indicates Rich
        • P2272 - Lack Of Ho2S-22 Switch, Sensor Indicates Lean
        • P2273 - Lack Of Ho2S-22 Switch, Sensor Indicates Rich
        • P2274 - O2 Sensor Signal Stuck Lean - Bank 1, Sensor 3
        • P2275 - O2 Sensor Signal Stuck Rich - Bank 1, Sensor 3
        • P2278 - Ho2S Sensor Signals Swapped Bank To Bank (Ho2S-13-23)
        • U0300 - Internal Control Module Software Incompatibility
        • U1021 - SCP Invalid Or Missing Data For Air Conditioning Clutch
        • U1039 - SCP Invalid Or Missing Data For Vehicle Speed
        • U1051 - SCP Invalid Or Missing Data For Brakes
        • U1131 - SCP Invalid Or Missing Data For Fuel System
        • U1147 - SCP Invalid Or Missing Data For Vehicle Security
        • U1262 - SCP Communication Bus Fault - Perform Network Communication Test
        • U1451 - SCP Invalid Or Missing Data For Anti-Theft Module
    • Engine Controls - Reference Values - Aviator Through F-Series Heritage - CNG, Flex-Fuel & Gasoline
      • Aviator 4.6L
      • Crown Victoria 4.6L CNG
      • Crown Victoria/Grand Marquis 4.6L
      • E-Series 5.4L (4R100)
      • E-Series 5.4L (4R75W)
      • E/F-Series 6.8L (A/T)
      • F-Series 6.8L (M/T)
      • E/F-Series Heritage 4.6L (A/T)
      • F-Series Heritage 4.2L (A/T)
      • F-Series Heritage 4.2L (M/T)
      • F-Series Heritage 4.6L (M/T)
      • F-Series Heritage 5.4L (4R100)
      • F-Series Heritage 5.4L SVT Supercharged
      • F-Series Heritage 5.4L CNG (A/T)
    • Engine Controls - Reference Values - ECONOLINE Through Explorer/Mountaineer - CNG, Flex-Fuel & Gasoline
      • Econoline 5.4L CNG (A/T)
      • Escape 2.0L 4V (M/T)
      • Escape 3.0L 4V (A/T)
      • Excursion 5.4L (4R100)
      • Excursion 6.8L (4R100)
      • Expedition 4.6L
      • Expedition 5.4L (A/T)
      • Explorer Sport Trac 4.0L SOHC
      • Explorer/Mountaineer 4.0L SOHC
      • Explorer/Mountaineer 4.6L
    • Engine Controls - Reference Values - F-150 Through Focus - CNG, Flex-Fuel & Gasoline
      • F-150 4.6L
      • F-150 5.4L 3V
      • F-250/F-350-Series 5.4L (4R100)
      • F-250/F-350-Series 5.4L (M/T)
      • Focus 2.0L 2V (A/T)
      • Focus 2.0L 2V (M/T)
      • Focus 2.0L 4V (A/T)
      • Focus 2.0L 4V (M/T)
      • Focus 2.0L 4V SVT (M/T)
      • Focus 2.3L 4V PZEV (A/T)
      • Focus 2.3L 4V PZEV (M/T)
    • Engine Controls - Reference Values - FREESTAR Through Mustang Cobra - CNG, Flex-Fuel & Gasoline
      • Freestar 3.9L
      • Freestar/Monterey 4.2L
      • LS6 3.0L
      • LS8 3.9L
      • Marauder 4.6L 4V
      • Mustang 3.8L/3.9L (A/T)
      • Mustang 3.8L/3.9L (M/T)
      • Mustang 4.6L 2V (A/T)
      • Mustang 4.6L 2V (M/T)
      • Mustang Mach I4.6L 4V
      • Mustang Cobra 4.6L 4V SVT Supercharged
    • Engine Controls - Reference Values - Introduction - CNG, Flex-Fuel & Gasoline
      • Reference Value Symptom Chart
        • Notes
        • Symptom Chart
      • Reference Value PID/Measured Signal Chart
      • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
        • Notes
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Index By Model
    • Engine Controls - Reference Values - Navigator Through Town Car - CNG, Flex-Fuel & Gasoline
      • Navigator 5.4L 4V (A/T)
      • Ranger 2.3L (A/T)
      • Ranger 2.3L (M/T)
      • Ranger 3.0L (A/T)
      • Ranger 3.0L (M/T)
      • Ranger 4.0L (A/T)
      • Ranger 4.0L (M/T)
      • Taurus/Sable 3.0L 4V
      • Taurus/Sable 3.0L Gas & Flex Fuel
      • Thunderbird 3.9L
      • Town Car 4.6L
    • Engine Controls - Symptom Charts - CNG, Flex-Fuel & Gasoline
      • QT: Step 1: PCM Quick Test
        • Qt1 Perform Pcm Quick Test
        • QT2 ENGINE RUNS ROUGH AT IDLE WITH KEY ON ENGINE RUNNING OR CONTINUOUS MEMORY DTC(s): CHECK INJECTOR FAULT (INJxF) PID(s)
      • Step 2: No DTC(s) Present Symptom Chart Index
      • Step 3: No DTC(s) Present Symptom Charts
        • Chart 1
        • Chart 2
        • Chart 3
        • Chart 4
        • Chart 5
        • Chart 6
        • Chart 7
        • Chart 8
        • Chart 9
        • Chart 10
        • Chart 11
        • Chart 12
        • Chart 13
        • Chart 14
        • Chart 15
        • Chart 16
        • Chart 17
        • Chart 18
        • Chart 19
        • Chart 20
        • Chart 21
        • Chart 22
        • Chart 23
    • Engine Controls - Theory & Operation - CNG, Flex-Fuel & Gasoline
      • Vehicle Emission Control Information (VECI)
        • VECI Decal
        • VECI Decal Location
        • Engine/Evaporative Emission System Information
      • Vehicle Certification Label
        • Base Engine Calibration Information
        • Decal Location
        • Engine Calibration Code
      • VECI Acronym Definitions
      • On Board Diagnostics Monitors
        • OBD-I and OBD-II Overview
      • Catalyst Efficiency Monitor
        • Notes
        • Switch Ratio Method
        • Index Ratio Method
        • General Catalyst Monitor Operation
      • Comprehensive Component Monitor
      • Evaporative Emission (EVAP) Leak Check Monitor
      • Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) System Monitor - Delta Pressure Feedback (DPFE) EGR and EGR System Module (ESM) EGR
      • Electric Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EEGR) System Monitor
      • Fuel System Monitor
      • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) Monitor
      • Misfire Detection Monitor
        • Notes
        • Misfire Monitor Operation
          • Notes
          • Low Data Rate System
          • High Data Rate System
        • Generic Misfire Processing
        • Profile Correction
        • Misfire Monitor Specifications
      • PCV System Monitor
      • Secondary Air Injection (AIR) System Monitor-Electric Secondary Air Injection Pump System
      • Thermostat Monitor
      • Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL)
      • Electronic Engine Control (EC) System
        • Overview
        • Modifications to OBD Vehicles
      • Powertrain Control Software
        • Multiplexing
        • Multiplexing Implementation
        • Standard Corporate Protocol (SCP)
        • High Speed - Controller Area Network (HS-CAN)
        • Flash Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory
        • Idle Air Trim
        • Fuel Trim
          • Short Term Fuel Trim
          • Long Term Fuel Trim
        • Idle Speed Control Closed Throttle Determination (applications without Electronic Throttle Control)
        • Fail-Safe Cooling Strategy
        • Failure Mode Effects Management
        • Engine RPM/Vehicle Speed Limiter
      • Powertrain Control Hardware
        • Powertrain Control Module
          • Notes
          • PCM Locations
        • Natural Gas (NG) Vehicle Module
        • Constant Control Relay Module
        • Fuel Pump Driver Module
        • Generic Electronic Module
        • Keep Alive Memory (KAM)
        • Hardware Limited Operation Strategy (HLOS)
        • Integrated Electronic Ignition System
        • Power and Ground Signals
          • Vehicle Buffered Power (VBPWR)
          • Vehicle Power (VPWR)
          • Vehicle Reference Voltage (VREF)
          • Mass Air Flow Return
          • Signal Return
          • Power Ground
          • Gold Plated Pins
      • PCM Inputs
        • Notes
        • Air Conditioning Cycling Switch
        • Air Conditioning Evaporator Temperature Sensor
        • Air Conditioning Pressure Sensor
        • Air Conditioning High Pressure Switch
        • Brake Pedal Position Switch
        • Brake Pressure Applied/Brake Deactivator Switch
        • Camshaft Position Sensor
        • Clutch Pedal Position Switch
        • Crankshaft Position Sensor (Integrated Ignition Systems)
        • Cylinder Head Temperature Sensor
        • Differential Pressure Feedback EGR Sensor
        • Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor
        • Engine Fuel Temperature Sensor
        • Engine Oil Temperature Sensor
        • Fuel Level Input
        • Fuel Pump Monitor
          • Applications Using a Fuel Pump Relay for Fuel Pump On/Off Control
          • Fuel Pump Driver Module Applications
        • Fuel Tank Pressure Sensor
        • Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor
        • Generator Monitor (Gen Mon)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor
        • Intake Air Temperature Sensor
        • Intake Manifold Runner Control
        • Intake Manifold Swirl Control
        • Intake Manifold Tuning Valve
        • Knock Sensor
        • Mass Air Flow Sensor
        • Output Shaft Speed Sensor
        • Power Steering Pressure Switch
        • Power Steering Pressure Sensor
        • Power Take-Off Switch and Circuit
        • Thermal Manifold Absolute Pressure Sensor
        • Throttle Position Sensor
        • Transmission Control Switch
        • Vehicle Speed Sensor
        • 4x4 Mode Switch
      • PCM Outputs
        • Notes
        • Canister Vent Solenoid
        • Coil Pack
          • Notes
          • Coil On Plug
          • Engine Crank/Engine Running
          • CMP FMEM
        • Electric EGR System (EEGR)
        • EGR System Module (ESM)
        • EGR Vacuum Regulator Solenoid
        • Electric Secondary Air Injection Pump
        • Evaporative Emission Canister Purge Valve
        • Fan Control
        • Fuel Cap Off Indicator Lamp
        • Fuel Pump
          • Applications Using a Fuel Pump Relay for Fuel Pump On/Off Control
          • Fuel Pump Driver Module Applications (and Applications with Fuel Pump Functions Incorporated in Rear Electronic Module)
        • Fuel Injectors
        • Fuel Pressure Regulator Control Solenoid
        • Generator Communication (Gen Com)
        • High Fan Control
        • Idle Air Control Solenoid
        • Intake Manifold Runner Control
        • Intake Manifold Swirl Control
        • Intake Manifold Tuning Valve
        • Low Fan Control
        • Medium Fan Control
        • Secondary Air Injection Bypass Solenoid
        • Transmission Control Indicator Lamp
        • Wide Open Throttle A/C Cut-Off (WAC)
        • Vapor Management Valve (VMV)
        • Powertrain Control Module - Vehicle Speed Output (VSO)
      • Ignition Systems
        • Overview
        • Integrated Electronic Ignition System
        • Hardware
          • Crankshaft Position Sensor
          • Camshaft Position Sensor
          • Coil Pack
          • Coil On Plug
          • Engine Crank/Engine Running
          • CMP FMEM
      • Fuel Systems
        • Overview
          • Notes
          • Returnable Fuel System
          • Mechanical Returnless Fuel System
          • Electronic Returnless Fuel System
        • Fuel Pump and Reservoir
        • Fuel Pump Module
        • Fuel Filters
        • Pressure Test Point
        • Fuel Injector
        • Fuel Pressure Regulator
        • Fuel Rail Pulse Damper
      • Inertia Fuel Shutoff (IFS) Switch
        • Inertia Fuel Shutoff (IFS) Switch
      • Natural Gas Fuel System
        • Overview
        • Natural Gas Fuel System
        • Hardware
          • Fuel Rail
          • Fuel Injector(s)
          • Fuel Pressure Regulator
          • High Pressure Fuel Filter
          • Fuel Lines and Fittings
          • Fueling Connector
            • Flange Assembly-Fuel Tank Fill
          • Fuel Tank Shutoff Valve
          • Inertia Fuel Shutoff (IFS) Switch
            • Notes
            • Reset Instructions
          • Fuel Rail Shut-Off Valve
            • Notes
            • Fuel Rail Valve Circuit Operation
      • Exhaust Gas Recirculation Systems
        • Overview
        • Differential Pressure Feedback EGR System
        • Hardware
          • Differential Pressure Feedback EGR Sensor
          • Tube Mounted Differential Pressure Feedback EGR Sensor
          • EGR Vacuum Regulator Solenoid
          • Exhaust Gas Recirculation Valve
          • Orifice Tube Assembly
          • Electric EGR System (EEGR)
            • Highlights of the Electric System
            • Overview
            • Hardware
          • EGR System Module EGR System (ESM)
            • Overview
      • Evaporative Emission Systems
        • Overview
        • Enhanced Evaporative Emission (EVAP) System
        • Hardware
          • EVAP Canister Purge Valve
          • Fuel Tank Pressure Sensor
          • Canister Vent Solenoid
      • Intake Air Systems
        • Overview
          • Notes
          • Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Electric Actuated System
          • Intake Manifold Swirl Control (IMSC) Vacuum Actuated System
          • Intake Manifold Tuning Valve (IMTV)
        • Throttle Body System Overview
        • Throttle Body System Hardware
          • Notes
          • Throttle Position Sensor
          • Idle Air Control Valve
          • Throttle Body Housing
      • Secondary Air Injection (AIR) Systems
        • Overview
        • Electric Secondary Air Injection System
        • Hardware
          • Electric AIR Pump
          • AIR Bypass Solenoid
          • AIR Diverter Valve
      • Variable Cam Timing System
        • Overview
          • Notes
          • Variable Cam Timing
      • Positive Crankcase Ventilation System
        • Overview
        • Hardware
      • Catalyst and Exhaust Systems
        • Overview
        • Catalytic Converter
          • Notes
          • Light Off Catalyst
          • Three-Way Catalyst (TWC) Conversion Efficiency
        • Exhaust System
          • Notes
          • Underbody Catalyst
          • Three-Way Catalytic Converter
          • Exhaust Manifold/Runners
          • Exhaust Pipes
          • Heated Oxygen Sensors (HO2S)
          • Muffler
      • Supercharger and Intercooler Systems
        • Supercharger Bypass System
          • Notes
          • Supercharger Assembly
          • Supercharger (Boost) Bypass Solenoid/(Thermactor Air Control Solenoid/Vacuum Valve Assembly)
          • Vacuum Reservoir Assembly
        • Intercooler System
      • PCM-Controlled Charging System
        • Overview
      • (Torque Based) Electronic Throttle Control (ETC)
        • Overview
        • Background "Why Torque Based ETC"
        • Electronic Throttle Body (ETB)
        • Accelerator Pedal Position Sensors (APPS)
        • Electronic Throttle Control System Strategy
        • Accelerator and Throttle Position Sensor Inputs
        • Throttle Plate Position Controller (TPPC) Outputs
  • Testing & Diagnosis
    • Engine Controls - Diagnostic Methods - CNG, Flex-Fuel & Gasoline
      • Diagnostic Methods
        • Overview
      • Diagnostic Tools
      • Scan Tool Set-up and Functionality
      • Vehicle Check/Preparation
        • Notes
        • Visual Checks
        • Vehicle Preparation
      • Quick Test
        • Notes
        • Key On Engine Off (KOEO) On-Demand Self-Test
        • Key On Engine Running (KOER) On-Demand Self-Test
          • Notes
          • Brake Pedal Position Test
          • Transmission Control Switch Test
          • Power Steering Pressure Test
        • Continuous Memory Self-Test
      • Parameter Identification (PID)
        • Description
        • Generic OBD II PID List
        • Ford PID List
      • On-Board System Readiness
        • Description
      • Freeze Frame Data
        • Description
      • Output Test Mode
        • Description
      • Clear The Continuous Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) And Reset The Emission Monitors Information in The Powertrain Control Module (PCM)
        • Description
      • Resetting The Keep Alive Memory (KAM)
        • Description
      • Flash Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory - Flash EEPROM
        • Description
        • Programming the VID Block for a Replacement PCM
        • Making Changes to the VID Block
        • Making Changes to the PCM Calibration
      • Diagnostic Monitoring Test Results
      • Drive Cycles
        • Description of OBD II Drive Cycle
        • Drive Cycle Recommendations
      • Intermittent Diagnostic Techniques
        • Notes
        • Recreating the Fault
        • Accumulating PCM Data
          • Notes
          • Analyzing Data From Playback of Stored PIDs
        • Peripheral Inputs
        • Comparing PCM Data
      • Adaptive Fuel DTCs Diagnostic Techniques
        • Notes
        • Obtain Freeze Frame Data
        • Using the LONGFT1 and LONGFT2 (dual bank engines) PIDs
        • Resetting Long Term Fuel Trims
        • P0171/P0174 System Too Lean Diagnostic Aids
          • Notes
          • Air Measurement System:
          • Vacuum Leaks/Unmetered Air:
          • Insufficient Fueling:
          • Exhaust System Leaks:
        • P0172/P0175 System Too Rich Diagnostic Aids
          • Notes
          • Air Measurement System:
          • Fuel System:
          • Base Engine
      • Basic Circuit Checks
        • Description
          • Notes
          • Open Circuit (Continuity)
          • Shorts to Ground
          • Shorts to Power
    • Engine Controls - Introduction - CNG, Flex-Fuel & Gasoline
      • Introduction
      • Important Safety Notice
        • Notes
        • Notes, Cautions, and Warnings
      • Preface
        • Notes
        • Description And Operation Article
        • Diagnostic Methods Article
        • Symptom Charts Article
        • Powertrain DTC Charts and Description Article
        • Pinpoint Tests Article
        • Reference Values Article
      • How To Use The Diagnostic Procedures
      • What's New In This Service Information
        • Notes
        • New Authoring Software Used For Powertrain DTC Charts and Description and Pinpoint Tests:
          • Notes
          • New Vehicles:
          • Deleted Vehicles:
          • Other Changes:
      • Acronyms and Definitions
        • Notes
        • Transmissions
    • Engine Controls - Pinpoint Test A: No Start Through Pinpoint Test DJ: Air Conditioner Evaporator Temperature (ACET) Sensor - CNG, Flex-Fuel & Gasoline
      • Pinpoint Test A: No Start
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test B: Powertrain control module (PCM) Power Relay
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test C: Reference Voltage
        • Notes
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test DA: Intake Air Temperature (IAT) Sensor
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Intake Air Temperature (IAT) Connector
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test DC: Mass Air Flow Sensor
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test DD: Fuel Rail Pressure (FRP), Fuel Rail Temperature (FRT) and Fuel Rail Pressure Temperature (FRPT) Sensors
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Tables and Graphs
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test procedure
      • Pinpoint Test DF: Vehicle Speed Circuit Check
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Typical Circuit Schematic
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test DG: Knock sensor
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test DH: Throttle Position (TP) Sensor
        • Notes
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test DJ: Air Conditioner Evaporator Temperature (ACET) Sensor
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
    • Engine Controls - Pinpoint Test DK: Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor Through Pinpoint Test DV: Throttle Body Assembly Etc - CNG, Flex-Fuel & Gasoline
      • Pinpoint Test DK: Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test DL: Cylinder Head Temperature (CHT) Sensor
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Marauder Only
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint test DM: Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP) and Thermal Manifold Absolute Pressure (TMAP) Sensor
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test DP: Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS)/Transfer Case Speed Sensor (TCSS)
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test DQ: Barometric Pressure (BARO) Sensor
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test DR: Camshaft Position (CMP) Sensor
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test DS: Air Conditioning Pressure (ACP) Sensor
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test DT: Power Steering Pressure Sensor
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test DU: Intake Air Temperature 2 Sensor
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Intake Air Temperature 2 (IAT2) Connector
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test DV: Throttle Body Assembly ETC
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
    • Engine Controls - Pinpoint Test DX: Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor Through Pinpoint Test HC: Fuel Delivery System - CNG, Flex-Fuel & Gasoline
      • Pinpoint Test DX: Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test DY: Engine Oil Temperature (EOT) Sensor
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test EM: Emission Compliance
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test FB: Power Take Off
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Typical PTO wiring diagram.
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test FD: Brake Pedal Inputs
        • Notes
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test FF: Power steering pressure switch
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test H: Fuel Control
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test HA: Natural Gas Fuel Control
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test HB: Natural Gas Fuel Delivery System
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Typical NGV Fuel System
            • Notes
            • Safe Fuel Handling Practices: Natural Gas - Fire
            • First Aid
            • Health
            • Handling
            • Leakage
          • Fuel Shutoff Valve (FSV) Solenoid Connector
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test HC: Fuel Delivery System
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Safe Fuel Handling Practices: Gasoline, Methanol, And Methanol Blends
            • Fire
            • First Aid
            • Health
            • Handling
            • Spills
          • Inertia Fuel Shutoff (IFS) Switch - Reset Instructions
        • Test Procedure
    • Engine Controls - Pinpoint Test Hd: Misfire Detection Monitor Through Pinpoint Test HY: Generator/Regulator System - CNG, Flex-Fuel & Gasoline
      • Pinpoint Test HD: Misfire Detection Monitor
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test HE: Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Systems
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Typical DPFE EGR System
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test HF: Catalyst Efficiency Monitor and Exhaust Systems
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Catalyst Efficiency Monitor Overview
            • Notes
            • High Catalyst Efficiency
            • Low Catalyst Efficiency
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test HG: Positive Crankcase Ventilation (PCV) System
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Positive Crankcase Ventilation (PCV) Connector
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test HH: Exhaust Gas Recirculation System Module (ESM)
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • ESM EGR Assembly
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test HK: Variable Cam Timing (VCT)
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test HM: Secondary Air Injection (AIR) System
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Typical AIR wiring diagram.
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test HU: Intake Air Systems
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Intake Air System
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test HX: Evaporative Emission (EVAP) Monitor and System
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Typical EVAP System
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test HY: Generator/Regulator System
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
    • Engine Controls - Pinpoint Test Index - CNG, Flex-Fuel & Gasoline
      • Pinpoint Test Index
    • Engine Controls - Pinpoint Test JB: Secondary Ignition (Cop) Through Pinpoint Test KD: Electric Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION (EEGR) System - CNG, Flex-Fuel & Gasoline
      • Pinpoint Test JB: Secondary Ignition (COP)
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test JC: Secondary Ignition (Coil Pack)
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test JD: Crankshaft Position (CKP) Sensor
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test JE: Integrated Ignition Coil Pack A, B or C Failure
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Pinpoint Test Schematics and Connectors
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test JF: Integrated Ignition Coil On Plug Coil A Through J Failure
        • Notes
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test JH: Tachometer Signal Output CTO
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test KA: Fuel Pump Relay
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test KB: Fuel Pump Driver Module
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test KC: Fuel Shutoff Valve Relay
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
          • Typical Schematic
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test KD: Electric Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EEGR) System
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
    • Engine Controls - Pinpoint Test KE: Idle Air Control (IAC) Valve Through Pinpoint Test QA: Unable To Activate Self-Test/Network Communication Error/DTC P1001 - CNG, Flex-Fuel & Gasoline
      • Pinpoint Test KE: Idle Air Control (IAC) Valve
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test KF: Fan Control relays
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Three Speed Fan Operation
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test KJ: Supercharger Bypass Control
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test KM: Air conditioning clutch relay circuit
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test KN: Variable Speed Electric Cooling Fan
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test KP: Charge air cooler (CAC) pump
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test NB: Malfunction Indicator Lamp
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test NC: Ignition Engine Speed Input Circuit
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test ND: Engine RPM\Vehicle Speed Limiter Reached
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test QA: Unable to Activate Self-Test/Network Communication Error/DTC P1001
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Typical PCM to DLC network connection
            • Important Instructions
        • Test Procedure
    • Engine Controls - Pinpoint Test QB: DTCS P0603 Or P1633: Keep Alive Power Through Pinpoint Test Z: Intermittent - CNG, Flex-Fuel & Gasoline
      • Pinpoint Test QB: DTCs P0603 or P1633: Keep Alive Power
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test QC: DTC P1000: On Board Diagnostic (OBD) Systems Readiness Test Not Complete
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test QD: DTC P1260: Passive Anti Theft System
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test QE: Electronic Throttle Control (ETC) System
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test TA: Clutch Pedal Position CPP2 Switch
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test TB: Transmission Control Switch TCS/Transmission Control Indicator Lamp TCIL
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test TG: 4x4 Low Switch (4X4LSW) And Four Wheel Drive (4WD) Switch
        • Notes
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test TJ: Output Shaft Speed (OSS) Sensor Introduction
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test X: Constant Control Relay Module (CCRM)
        • Introduction
          • Notes
          • Constant Control Relay Module (CCRM) Connector
          • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
        • Test Procedure
      • Pinpoint Test Z: Intermittent
        • Introduction
        • Test Procedure
    • Engine Controls - Powertrain DTC Charts & Descriptions - CNG, Flex-Fuel & Gasoline
      • Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Charts
        • Notes
        • P0010: Intake Camshaft Position Actuator Circuit Open (Bank 1)
        • P0011: Intake Camshaft Position Timing - Over- Advanced (Bank 1)
        • P0012: Variable Camshaft Timing Over-Retarded (Bank 1)
        • P0013: Exhaust Camshaft Position Actuator Circuit / Open (Bank 1)
        • P0020: Intake Camshaft Position Actuator Circuit Open (Bank 2)
        • P0021: Intake Camshaft Position Timing - Over- Advanced (Bank 2)
        • P0022: Intake Camshaft Position Timing - Over- Retarded (Bank 2)
        • P0040: Upstream Oxygen Sensors Swapped From Bank To Bank (Ho2S-11-21)
        • P0041: Downstream Oxygen Sensors Swapped From Bank To Bank (Ho2S-12-22)
        • P0053: Ho2S Heater Resistance (Bank 1, Sensor 1)
        • P0054: Ho2S Heater Resistance (Bank 1, Sensor 2)
        • P0055: Ho2S Heater Resistance (Bank 1, Sensor 3)
        • P0059: Ho2S Heater Resistance (Bank 2, Sensor 1)
        • P0060: Ho2S Heater Resistance (Bank 2, Sensor 2)
        • P0061: Ho2S Heater Resistance (Bank 2, Sensor 3)
        • P0068: Throttle Position (TP) Sensor Inconsistent With The MAF Sensor
        • P0102: Mass Air Flow (MAF) Circuit Low Input
        • P0103: Mass Air Flow (MAF) Circuit High Input
        • P0104: Mass Or Volume Air Flow A Circuit Intermittent/Erratic
        • P0106: Barometric (BARO) Pressure Sensor Circuit Performance
        • P0107: BARO/Map Sensor Low Voltage Detected
        • P0108: BARO/Map Sensor High Voltage Detected
        • P0109: BARO Sensor Circuit Intermittent
        • P0112: Intake Air Temperature (IAT) Sensor 1 Circuit Low Input
        • P0113: Intake Air Temperature (IAT) Sensor 1 Circuit High Input
        • P0114: Intake Air Temperature (IAT) Sensor 1 Intermittent/Erratic
        • P0116: Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor 1 Circuit Range/Performance Failure
        • P0117: Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor 1 Circuit Low Input
        • P0118: Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor 1 Circuit High Input
        • P0119: Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor 1 Circuit Intermittent/Erratic
        • P0121: Etc Throttle Position (TP1) Sensor Circuit Range/Performance (Vehicles With Electronic Throttle Control (Etc))
        • P0121: Throttle Position (TP) Circuit Performance Problem (All Others)
        • P0122: Etc Throttle Position (TP1) Sensor Circuit Low Input (Vehicles With Electronic Throttle Control (Etc))
        • P0122: Throttle Position (TP) Sensor Circuit Low Input (All Others)
        • P0123: Etc Throttle Position (TP1) Sensor Circuit High Input (Vehicles With Electronic Throttle Control (Etc))
        • P0123: Throttle Position (TP) Circuit High Input (All Others)
        • P0125: Insufficient Coolant Temperature For Closed Loop Fuel Control
        • P0127: Intake Air Temperature Too High
        • P0128: Coolant Thermostat (Coolant Temperature Below Thermostat Regulating Temperature)
        • P0131: Ho2S Sensor Circuit Out Of Range Low Voltage (Ho2S-11)
        • P0132: Ho2S Sensor Circuit High Voltage (Ho2S-11)
        • P0133: Ho2S Sensor Circuit Slow Response (Ho2S-11)
        • P0135: Ho2S Sensor Circuit Malfunction (Ho2S-11)
        • P0136: Ho2S Sensor Circuit Malfunction (Ho2S-12)
        • P0138: Ho2S Sensor Circuit High Voltage (Ho2S-12)
        • P0141: Ho2S Sensor Circuit Malfunction (Ho2S-12)
        • P0144: Ho2S Sensor Circuit High Voltage (Ho2S-13)
        • P0147: Ho2S Sensor Circuit Malfunction (Ho2S-13)
        • P0148: Fuel Delivery Error
        • P0151: Ho2S Sensor Circuit Out Of Range Low Voltage (Ho2S-21)
        • P0152: Ho2S Sensor Circuit High Voltage (Ho2S-21)
        • P0153: Ho2S Sensor Circuit Slow Response (Ho2S-21)
        • P0155: Ho2S Sensor Circuit Malfunction (Ho2S-21)
        • P0156: Ho2S Sensor Circuit High Voltage (Ho2S-22)
        • P0158: Ho2S Sensor Circuit High Voltage (Ho2S-22)
        • P0161: Ho2S Sensor Circuit Malfunction (Ho2S-22)
        • P0167: Ho2S Sensor Circuit Malfunction (Ho2S-23)
        • P0171: System Too Lean (Bank 1)
        • P0172: System Too Rich (Bank 1)
        • P0174: System Too Lean (Bank 2)
        • P0175: System Too Rich (Bank 2)
        • P0180: Engine Fuel Temperature Sensor A Circuit Low Input (Eft)
        • P0181: Engine Fuel Temperature Sensor A Circuit Range/Performance (Eft)
        • P0182: Engine Fuel Temperature Sensor A Circuit Low Input (Eft)
        • P0183: Engine Fuel Temperature Sensor A Circuit High Input (Eft)
        • P0186: Engine Fuel Temperature Sensor B Circuit Range/Performance (Eft)
        • P0187: Engine Fuel Temperature Sensor B Circuit Low Input (Eft)
        • P0188: Engine Fuel Temperature Sensor B Circuit High Input (Eft)
        • P0190: Fuel Rail Pressure (FRP) Sensor Circuit Malfunction
        • P0191: Fuel Rail Pressure (FRP) Sensor Circuit Performance
        • P0192: Fuel Rail Pressure (FRP) Sensor Circuit Low Input
        • P0193: Fuel Rail Pressure (FRP) Sensor Circuit High Input
        • P0196: Engine Oil Temperature (EOT) Sensor Circuit Range/Performance
        • P0197: Engine Oil Temperature (EOT) Sensor Circuit Low Input
        • P0198: Engine Oil Temperature (EOT) Sensor Circuit High Input
        • P0201: Cylinder No. 1 Injector Circuits
        • P0202: Cylinder No. 2 Injector Circuits
        • P0203: Cylinder No. 3 Injector Circuits
        • P0204: Cylinder No. 4 Injector Circuits
        • P0205: Cylinder No. 5 Injector Circuits
        • P0206: Cylinder No. 6 Injector Circuits
        • P0207: Cylinder No. 7 Injector Circuits
        • P0208: Cylinder No. 8 Injector Circuits
        • P0209: Cylinder No. 9 Injector Circuits
        • P0210: Cylinder No. 10 Injector Circuits
        • P0211: Cylinder No. 11 Injector Circuits
        • P0212: Cylinder No. 12 Injector Circuits
        • P0217: Engine Coolant Over- Temperature Condition
        • P0218: Transmission Fluid TFT Over- Temperature Condition
        • P0219: Engine Over Speed Condition
        • P0221: Throttle Position (TP2) Sensor Circuit Range/Performance
        • P0222: Throttle Position (TP2) Sensor Circuit Low Input
        • P0223: Throttle Position (TP2) Sensor Circuit High Input
        • P0230: Fuel Pump Primary Circuit Malfunction
        • P0231: Fuel Pump Secondary Circuit Low
        • P0232: Fuel Pump Secondary Circuit High
        • P0234: Supercharger OVERBOOST Condition
        • P0243: Supercharger (Boost) Bypass Solenoid Circuit Malfunction
        • P0297: Vehicle Over Speed Condition
        • P0298: Engine Oil Over Temperature Condition
        • P0300: Random Misfire
        • P0301 - P0309: Misfire Detection Monitor
        • P0310: Misfire Detection Monitor
        • P0315: The Pcm Is Unable To Learn Crankshaft Pulse Wheel Tooth Spacing (Exceeded The Allowable Correction Tolerances)
        • P0316: Misfire Occurred In The First 1,000 Engine Revolutions
        • P0320: Ignition Engine Speed Input Circuit Malfunction
        • P0325: Knock Sensor 1 Circuit Malfunction (Bank 1)
        • P0326: Knock Sensor 1 Circuit Range/Performance (Bank 1)
        • P0330: Knock Sensor 2 Circuit Malfunction (Bank 2)
        • P0331: Knock Sensor 2 Circuit Range/Performance (Bank 2)
        • P0340: Camshaft Position (CMP) Sensor Circuit Malfunction (Bank 1)
        • P0344 - Camshaft Position Sensor A Circuit Intermittent (Bank 1 Or Single Sensor)
        • P0345: Camshaft Position (CMP) Sensor Circuit Malfunction (Bank 2)
        • P0349 - Camshaft Position Sensor A Circuit Intermittent (Bank 2)
        • P0350: Ignition Coil (Undetermined) Primary/Secondary Circuit Malfunction
        • P0351: Ignition Coil A Primary/Secondary Circuit Malfunction
        • P0352: Ignition Coil B Primary/Secondary Circuit Malfunction
        • P0353: Ignition Coil C Primary/Secondary Circuit Malfunction
        • P0354: Ignition Coil D Primary/Secondary Circuit Malfunction
        • P0355: Ignition Coil E Primary/Secondary Circuit Malfunction
        • P0356: Ignition Coil F Primary/Secondary Circuit Malfunction
        • P0357: Ignition Coil G Primary/Secondary Circuit Malfunction
        • P0358: Ignition Coil H Primary/Secondary Circuit Malfunction
        • P0359: Ignition Coil I Primary/Secondary Circuit Malfunction
        • P0360: Ignition Coil J Primary/Secondary Circuit Malfunction
        • P0400: EGR Flow Failure (Outside The Minimum Or Maximum Limits)
        • P0401: EGR Flow Insufficient Detected
        • P0402: EGR Flow Excessive Detected
        • P0403: EGR Vacuum Regulator Solenoid Circuit Malfunction (Vehicles With Out Electric EGR)
        • P0405: DPF EGR Sensor Circuit Low Voltage Detected
        • P0406: DPF EGR Sensor Circuit High Voltage Detected
        • P0411: Secondary Air Injection (Air) System Upstream Flow
        • P0412: Secondary Air Injection (Air) System Circuit Malfunction
        • P0420: Catalyst System Efficiency Below Threshold (Bank 1)
        • P0430: Catalyst System Efficiency Below Threshold (Bank 2)
        • P0442: EVAP Control System Leak Detected (Small Leak)
        • P0443: EVAP Control System Canister Purge Valve Circuit Malfunction
        • P0446: EVAP Control System Canister Vent Solenoid Circuit Malfunction
        • P0451: EVAP System Ftp Sensor Range/Performance/Intermittent
        • P0452: Ftp Sensor Circuit Low Voltage Detected
        • P0453: Ftp Sensor Circuit High Voltage Detected
        • P0454: Ftp Sensor Circuit Noisy
        • P0455: EVAP Control System Leak Detected (No Purge Flow Or Large Leak)
        • P0456: EVAP Control System Leak Detected (Very Small Leak)
        • P0457: EVAP Control System Leak Detected (Fuel Filler Cap Loose/Off)
        • P0460: Fuel Level Sensor Circuit Malfunction
        • P0461: Fuel Level Sensor Circuit Range/Performance
        • P0462: Fuel Level Sensor Circuit Low Input
        • P0463: Fuel Level Sensor Circuit High Input
        • P0480: Low Fan Control (LFC)/Fan Control 1 (FC1) Primary Circuit Malfunction (Relay Controlled Electric Cooling Fan)
        • P0481: High Fan Control (HFC)/Fan Control 3 (FC3) Primary Circuit Malfunction
        • P0482: Medium Fan Control (MFC) Primary Circuit Failure
        • P0500: Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS) Malfunction
        • P0501 - Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS) Range/Performance
        • P0503: Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS) Intermittent
        • P0505: Idle Air Control (IAC) System Malfunction (Vehicles With Electronic Throttle Control (Etc))
        • P0505: Idle Air Control System Malfunction (All Others)
        • P0506: Idle Air Control (IAC) System Rpm Lower Than Expected (Vehicles With Electronic Throttle Control (Etc))
        • P0506: Idle Air Control System Rpm Lower Than Expected (All Others)
        • P0507: Idle Air Control (IAC) System Rpm Higher Than Expected (Vehicles With Electronic Throttle Control (Etc))
        • P0507: Idle Air Control System Rpm Higher Than Expected (All Others)
        • P0511 - Idle Air Control Circuit Malfunction
        • P0532 - Air Conditioning Pressure Sensor (ACP) Sensor High Voltage Detected
        • P0533 - Air Conditioning Pressure Sensor (ACP) Sensor Low Voltage Detected
        • P0534 - Low A/C Cycling Period
        • P0537 - A/C Evaporator Temperature (ACET) Circuit Low Input
        • P0538 - A/C Evaporator Temperature (ACET) Circuit High Input
        • P0552 - Power Steering Pressure (PSP) Sensor Circuit Low Input
        • P0553 - Power Steering Pressure (PSP) Sensor Circuit High Input
        • P0602 - Control Module Programming Error
        • P0603 - Powertrain Control Module Keep Alive Memory (KAM) Error
        • P0605 - Pcm Read Only Memory (ROM) Error
        • P0606 - Powertrain Control Module Internal Communication Error
        • P0620 - Generator Control Circuit Failure
        • P0622 - Generator Field Terminal Circuit Failure
        • P0645
        • P0657 - Actuator Supply Voltage A Circuit/Open
        • P0660 - Intake Manifold Tuning Valve (IMTV) Control Circuit Open - Bank 1
        • P0663 - Intake Manifold Tuning Valve (IMTV) Control Circuit Open - Bank 2
        • P0703 - Brake Switch Circuit Input Malfunction
        • P0704 - Clutch Pedal Position Switch Malfunction
        • P0720 - Insufficient Input From The Output Shaft Speed Sensor
        • P0721 - Noise Interference On The Output Shaft Speed Sensor Signal
        • P0722 - No Signal From The Output Shaft Speed Sensor
        • P0723 - Output Shaft Speed Sensor Circuit Intermittent Failure
        • P1000 - On Board Diagnostic (OBD) System Readiness Test Not Complete
        • P1001 - KOER Not Able To Complete, KOER Aborted
        • P1100 - Mass Air Flow (MAF) Sensor Intermittent
        • P1101 - Mass Air Flow (MAF) Sensor Out Of Self-Test Range
        • P1112 - Intake Air Temperature Circuit Intermittent
        • P1114 - Intake Air Temperature 2 (IAT2) Circuit Low Input
        • P1115 - Intake Air Temperature 2 (IAT2) Circuit High Input
        • P1116 - Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor Out Of Self- Test Range
        • P1117 - Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor Intermittent
        • P1120 - Throttle Position (TP) Sensor Out Of Range Low (RATCH Too Low)
        • P1121 - Throttle Position (TP) Sensor Inconsistent With The MAF Sensor
        • P1124 - Throttle Position (TP) Sensor Out Of Self-Test Range
        • P1125 - Throttle Position (TP) Sensor Intermittent
        • P1127 - Exhaust Not Warm Enough, Downstream Sensor Not Tested
        • P1128 - Upstream Oxygen Sensors Swapped From Bank To Bank (Ho2S-11-21)
        • P1129 - Downstream Oxygen Sensors Swapped From Bank To Bank (Ho2S-12-22)
        • P1130 - Lack Of Ho2S-11 Switch, Fuel Trim At Limit
        • P1131 - Lack Of Ho2S-11 Switch, Sensor Indicates Lean
        • P1132 - Lack Of Ho2S-11 Switch, Sensor Indicates Rich
        • P1137 - Lack Of Ho2S-12 Switch, Sensor Indicates Lean
        • P1138 - Lack Of Ho2S-12 Switch, Sensor Indicates Rich
        • P1150 - Lack Of Ho2S-21 Switch, Fuel Trim At Limit
        • P1151 - Lack Of Ho2S-21 Switch, Sensor Indicates Lean
        • P1152 - Lack Of Ho2S-21 Switch, Sensor Indicates Rich
        • P1157 - Lack Of Ho2S-22 Switch, Sensor Indicates Lean
        • P1158 - Lack Of Ho2S-22 Switch, Sensor Indicates Rich
        • P1168 - Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor In Range But Low
        • P1169 - Fuel Rail Pressure (FRP) Sensor In Range But High
        • P1180 - Fuel Delivery System - Low
        • P1181 - Fuel Delivery System - High
        • P1184 - Engine Oil Temperature (EOT) Sensor Out Of Self-Test Range
        • P1229 - Supercharger INTERCOOLER Pump (ICP) Not Operating
        • P1232 - Low Speed Fuel Pump Primary Circuit Malfunction
        • P1233 - Fuel System Disabled Or Offline
        • P1235 - Fuel Pump Control Out Of Range
        • P1237 - Fuel Pump Secondary Circuit Malfunction
        • P1244 - Generator Load Input High
        • P1245 - Generator Load Input Low
        • P1246 - Generator Load Input Failed
        • P1260 - Theft Detected - Vehicle Immobilized
        • P1261 - Cylinder 1 High To Low Side Short
        • P1262 - Cylinder 2 High To Low Side Short
        • P1263 - Cylinder 3 High To Low Side Short
        • P1264 - Cylinder 4 High To Low Side Short
        • P1265 - Cylinder 5 High To Low Side Short
        • P1266 - Cylinder 6 High To Low Side Short
        • P1267 - Cylinder 7 High To Low Side Short
        • P1268 - Cylinder 8 High To Low Side Short
        • P1270 - Engine Rpm/Vehicle Speed Limiter
        • P1271 - Cylinder 1 High To Low Side Open
        • P1272 - Cylinder 2 High To Low Side Open
        • P1273 - Cylinder 3 High To Low Side Open
        • P1274 - Cylinder 4 High To Low Side Open
        • P1275 - Cylinder 5 High To Low Side Open
        • P1276 - Cylinder 6 High To Low Side Open
        • P1277 - Cylinder 7 High To Low Side Open
        • P1278 - Cylinder 8 High To Low Side Open
        • P1285 - Cylinder Head Over Temperature
        • P1288 - Cylinder Head Temperature (CHT) Sensor Circuit Out Of Self-Test Range
        • P1289 - Cylinder Head Temperature (CHT) Sensor Circuit High Input
        • P1290 - Cylinder Head Temperature (CHT) Sensor Circuit Low Input
        • P1299 - Cylinder Head Over Temperature Protection Active
        • P1309 - Misfire Monitor Disabled
        • P1336 - CKP And/Or CMP Input Signal To The Pcm Concerns
        • P1380 - Variable Camshaft Timing Solenoid A Circuit Malfunction (Bank 1)
        • P1381 - Variable Camshaft Timing Over-Advanced (Bank 1)
        • P1383 - Variable Camshaft Timing Over-Retarded (Bank 1)
        • P1385 - Variable Camshaft Timing Solenoid A Circuit Malfunction (Bank 2)
        • P1386 - Variable Camshaft Timing Over-Advanced (Bank 2)
        • P1388 - Variable Camshaft Timing Over-Retarded (Bank 2)
        • P1397 - System Voltage Out Of Self - Test Range
        • P1400 - DPF EGR Sensor Circuit Low Voltage Detected
        • P1401 - DPF EGR Sensor Circuit High Voltage Detected
        • P1405 - DPF EGR Sensor Upstream Hose Off Or Plugged
        • P1406 - DPF EGR Sensor Downstream Hose Off Or Plugged
        • P1408 - EGR Flow Out Of Self-Test Range (Non-Mil)
        • P1409 - EGR Vacuum Regulator Solenoid Circuit Malfunction
        • P1436 - A/C Evaporator Temperature (ACET) Circuit Low Input
        • P1437 - A/C Evaporator Temperature (ACET) Circuit High Input
        • P1443 - Very Small Or No Purge Flow Condition
        • P1450 - Unable To Bleed Up Fuel Tank Vacuum
        • P1451 - EVAP Control System Canister Vent Solenoid Circuit Malfunction
        • P1460 - A/C Clutch Relay (A/CCR) Primary Circuit Malfunction (Also Referred To As WAC Circuit)
        • P1461 - Air Conditioning Pressure Sensor (ACP) Sensor High Voltage Detected
        • P1462 - Air Conditioning Pressure Sensor (ACP) Sensor Low Voltage Detected
        • P1463 - Air Conditioning Pressure Sensor (ACP) Insufficient Pressure Change
        • P1464 - A/C Demand Out Of Self-Test Range
        • P1469 - Low A/C Cycling Period
        • P1474 - Cooling Fan Electrical Malfunction (LS, THUNDERBIRD, Crown Victoria, Grand Marquis, Town Car)
        • P1477 - Medium Fan Control (MFC) Primary Circuit Failure
        • P1479 - High Fan Control (HFC)/Fan Control 3 (FC3) Primary Circuit Malfunction
        • P1489 - PCV Heater Control Circuit
        • P1500 - Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS) Intermittent
        • P1501 - Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS) Out Of Self-Test Range
        • P1502 - Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS) Intermittent
        • P1504 - Idle Air Control (IAC) Circuit Malfunction
        • P1506 - Idle Air Control (IAC) OVERSPEED Error
        • P1507 - Idle Air Control (IAC) UNDERSPEED Error
        • P1512 - Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Stuck Closed (Bank 1)
        • P1513 - Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Stuck Closed (Bank 2)
        • P1516 - Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Input Error (Bank 1)
        • P1517 - Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Input Error (Bank 2)
        • P1518 - Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Malfunction (Stuck Open)
        • P1519 - Inlet Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Malfunction (Stuck Closed)
        • P1520 - Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Circuit
        • P1537 - Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Stuck Open (Bank 1)
        • P1538 - Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Stuck Open (Bank 2)
        • P1549 - Intake Manifold Communication Control Circuit Malfunction
        • P1550 - Power Steering Pressure (PSP) Sensor Malfunction
        • P1572 - Brake Pedal Switch Circuit
        • P1582 - Electronic Throttle Monitor Data Available
        • P1633 - Keep Alive Power Voltage Too Low
        • P1635 - Tire/Axle Ratio Out Of Acceptable Range
        • P1636 - Inductive Signature Chip Communication Error
        • P1639 - Vehicle Id Block Not Programmed Or Is Corrupt
        • P1640 - Powertrain DTCS Available In Another Module
        • P1641 - Fuel Pump Primary Circuit Malfunction
        • P1650 - Power Steering Pressure (PSP) Switch Malfunction
        • P1651 - Power Steering Pressure (PSP) Switch Signal Malfunction
        • P1703 - Brake Switch Out Of Self-Test Range
        • P1705 - Transmission Range Sensor Out Of Self-Test Range
        • P1709 - Park/Neutral Position Switch Out Of Self-Test Range
        • P1729 - 4X4L Switch Circuit Malfunction
        • P1780 - Transmission Control Switch Out Of Self-Test Range
        • P1781 - 4X4L Switch Out Of Self-Test Range
        • P1900 - Output Shaft Speed Sensor Circuit Intermittent Failure
        • P1901 - Turbine Shaft Speed Sensor Circuit Intermittent
        • P2004 - Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Stuck Open (Bank 1)
        • P2005 - Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Stuck Open (Bank 2)
        • P2006 - Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Stuck Closed (Bank 1)
        • P2007 - Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Stuck Closed (Bank 2)
        • P2008 - Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Circuit Open (Bank 1)
        • P2014 - Intake Manifold Runner Position Sensor/Switch Circuit (Bank 1)
        • P2019 - Intake Manifold Runner Position Sensor/Switch Circuit (Bank 2)
        • P2065 - Fuel Level Sensor B Circuit Concern
        • P2066 - Fuel Level Sensor B Circuit Concern
        • P2067 - Fuel Level Sensor B Circuit Concern
        • P2068 - Fuel Level Sensor B Circuit Concern
        • P2070 - Intake Manifold Tuning Valve (IMTV) Stuck Open
        • P2071 - Intake Manifold Tuning Valve (IMTV) Stuck Closed
        • P2072 - Pcm Is Indicating The Throttle Mode Has Been Activated (F-150 4.6L)
        • P2072 - Pcm Is Indicating The Throttle Mode Has Been Activated (F-150 5.4L 3V)
        • P2100 - Throttle Actuator Control Motor Circuit/Open
        • P2101 - Throttle Actuator Control Motor Range/Performance
        • P2104 - Throttle Actuator Control System - Forced Idle
        • P2105 - Throttle Actuator Control System - Forced Engine Shutdown
        • P2106 - Throttle Actuator Control System - Forced Limited Power
        • P2107 - Throttle Actuator Control Motor Processor
        • P2110 - Throttle Actuator Control System - Forced Limited Rpm
        • P2111 - Throttle Actuator Control System - Stuck Open
        • P2112 - Throttle Actuator Control System - Stuck Closed
        • P2121 - Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor Circuit 1 Range/Performance
        • P2122 - Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor Circuit 1 Low Input
        • P2123 - Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor Circuit 1 High Input
        • P2126 - Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor Circuit 2 Range/Performance
        • P2127 - Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor Circuit 2 Low Input
        • P2128 - Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor Circuit 2 High Input
        • P2131 - Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor Circuit 3 Range Performance
        • P2132 - Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor Circuit 3 Low Input
        • P2133 - Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor Circuit 3 High Input
        • P2135 - Etc Throttle Position (TP) Sensor A/B Voltage Correlation
        • P2195 - Lack Of Ho2S-11 Switch, Sensor Indicates Lean
        • P2196 - Lack Of Ho2S-11 Switch, Sensor Indicates Rich
        • P2197 - Lack Of Ho2S-21 Switch, Sensor Indicates Lean
        • P2198 - Lack Of Ho2S-21 Switch, Sensor Indicates Rich
        • P2257 - Secondary Air Injection System Monitor Circuit Low
        • P2258 - Secondary Air Injection System Monitor Circuit High
        • P2270 - Lack Of Ho2S-12 Switch, Sensor Indicates Lean
        • P2271 - Lack Of Ho2S-12 Switch, Sensor Indicates Rich
        • P2272 - Lack Of Ho2S-22 Switch, Sensor Indicates Lean
        • P2273 - Lack Of Ho2S-22 Switch, Sensor Indicates Rich
        • P2274 - O2 Sensor Signal Stuck Lean - Bank 1, Sensor 3
        • P2275 - O2 Sensor Signal Stuck Rich - Bank 1, Sensor 3
        • P2278 - Ho2S Sensor Signals Swapped Bank To Bank (Ho2S-13-23)
        • U0300 - Internal Control Module Software Incompatibility
        • U1021 - SCP Invalid Or Missing Data For Air Conditioning Clutch
        • U1039 - SCP Invalid Or Missing Data For Vehicle Speed
        • U1051 - SCP Invalid Or Missing Data For Brakes
        • U1131 - SCP Invalid Or Missing Data For Fuel System
        • U1147 - SCP Invalid Or Missing Data For Vehicle Security
        • U1262 - SCP Communication Bus Fault - Perform Network Communication Test
        • U1451 - SCP Invalid Or Missing Data For Anti-Theft Module
    • Engine Controls - Reference Values - Aviator Through F-Series Heritage - CNG, Flex-Fuel & Gasoline
      • Aviator 4.6L
      • Crown Victoria 4.6L CNG
      • Crown Victoria/Grand Marquis 4.6L
      • E-Series 5.4L (4R100)
      • E-Series 5.4L (4R75W)
      • E/F-Series 6.8L (A/T)
      • F-Series 6.8L (M/T)
      • E/F-Series Heritage 4.6L (A/T)
      • F-Series Heritage 4.2L (A/T)
      • F-Series Heritage 4.2L (M/T)
      • F-Series Heritage 4.6L (M/T)
      • F-Series Heritage 5.4L (4R100)
      • F-Series Heritage 5.4L SVT Supercharged
      • F-Series Heritage 5.4L CNG (A/T)
    • Engine Controls - Reference Values - ECONOLINE Through Explorer/Mountaineer - CNG, Flex-Fuel & Gasoline
      • Econoline 5.4L CNG (A/T)
      • Escape 2.0L 4V (M/T)
      • Escape 3.0L 4V (A/T)
      • Excursion 5.4L (4R100)
      • Excursion 6.8L (4R100)
      • Expedition 4.6L
      • Expedition 5.4L (A/T)
      • Explorer Sport Trac 4.0L SOHC
      • Explorer/Mountaineer 4.0L SOHC
      • Explorer/Mountaineer 4.6L
    • Engine Controls - Reference Values - F-150 Through Focus - CNG, Flex-Fuel & Gasoline
      • F-150 4.6L
      • F-150 5.4L 3V
      • F-250/F-350-Series 5.4L (4R100)
      • F-250/F-350-Series 5.4L (M/T)
      • Focus 2.0L 2V (A/T)
      • Focus 2.0L 2V (M/T)
      • Focus 2.0L 4V (A/T)
      • Focus 2.0L 4V (M/T)
      • Focus 2.0L 4V SVT (M/T)
      • Focus 2.3L 4V PZEV (A/T)
      • Focus 2.3L 4V PZEV (M/T)
    • Engine Controls - Reference Values - FREESTAR Through Mustang Cobra - CNG, Flex-Fuel & Gasoline
      • Freestar 3.9L
      • Freestar/Monterey 4.2L
      • LS6 3.0L
      • LS8 3.9L
      • Marauder 4.6L 4V
      • Mustang 3.8L/3.9L (A/T)
      • Mustang 3.8L/3.9L (M/T)
      • Mustang 4.6L 2V (A/T)
      • Mustang 4.6L 2V (M/T)
      • Mustang Mach I4.6L 4V
      • Mustang Cobra 4.6L 4V SVT Supercharged
    • Engine Controls - Reference Values - Introduction - CNG, Flex-Fuel & Gasoline
      • Reference Value Symptom Chart
        • Notes
        • Symptom Chart
      • Reference Value PID/Measured Signal Chart
      • Typical Diagnostic Reference Values
        • Notes
        • Typical Diagnostic Reference Index By Model
    • Engine Controls - Reference Values - Navigator Through Town Car - CNG, Flex-Fuel & Gasoline
      • Navigator 5.4L 4V (A/T)
      • Ranger 2.3L (A/T)
      • Ranger 2.3L (M/T)
      • Ranger 3.0L (A/T)
      • Ranger 3.0L (M/T)
      • Ranger 4.0L (A/T)
      • Ranger 4.0L (M/T)
      • Taurus/Sable 3.0L 4V
      • Taurus/Sable 3.0L Gas & Flex Fuel
      • Thunderbird 3.9L
      • Town Car 4.6L
    • Engine Controls - Symptom Charts - CNG, Flex-Fuel & Gasoline
      • QT: Step 1: PCM Quick Test
        • Qt1 Perform Pcm Quick Test
        • QT2 ENGINE RUNS ROUGH AT IDLE WITH KEY ON ENGINE RUNNING OR CONTINUOUS MEMORY DTC(s): CHECK INJECTOR FAULT (INJxF) PID(s)
      • Step 2: No DTC(s) Present Symptom Chart Index
      • Step 3: No DTC(s) Present Symptom Charts
        • Chart 1
        • Chart 2
        • Chart 3
        • Chart 4
        • Chart 5
        • Chart 6
        • Chart 7
        • Chart 8
        • Chart 9
        • Chart 10
        • Chart 11
        • Chart 12
        • Chart 13
        • Chart 14
        • Chart 15
        • Chart 16
        • Chart 17
        • Chart 18
        • Chart 19
        • Chart 20
        • Chart 21
        • Chart 22
        • Chart 23
    • Engine Controls - Theory & Operation - CNG, Flex-Fuel & Gasoline
      • Vehicle Emission Control Information (VECI)
        • VECI Decal
        • VECI Decal Location
        • Engine/Evaporative Emission System Information
      • Vehicle Certification Label
        • Base Engine Calibration Information
        • Decal Location
        • Engine Calibration Code
      • VECI Acronym Definitions
      • On Board Diagnostics Monitors
        • OBD-I and OBD-II Overview
      • Catalyst Efficiency Monitor
        • Notes
        • Switch Ratio Method
        • Index Ratio Method
        • General Catalyst Monitor Operation
      • Comprehensive Component Monitor
      • Evaporative Emission (EVAP) Leak Check Monitor
      • Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) System Monitor - Delta Pressure Feedback (DPFE) EGR and EGR System Module (ESM) EGR
      • Electric Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EEGR) System Monitor
      • Fuel System Monitor
      • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) Monitor
      • Misfire Detection Monitor
        • Notes
        • Misfire Monitor Operation
          • Notes
          • Low Data Rate System
          • High Data Rate System
        • Generic Misfire Processing
        • Profile Correction
        • Misfire Monitor Specifications
      • PCV System Monitor
      • Secondary Air Injection (AIR) System Monitor-Electric Secondary Air Injection Pump System
      • Thermostat Monitor
      • Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL)
      • Electronic Engine Control (EC) System
        • Overview
        • Modifications to OBD Vehicles
      • Powertrain Control Software
        • Multiplexing
        • Multiplexing Implementation
        • Standard Corporate Protocol (SCP)
        • High Speed - Controller Area Network (HS-CAN)
        • Flash Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory
        • Idle Air Trim
        • Fuel Trim
          • Short Term Fuel Trim
          • Long Term Fuel Trim
        • Idle Speed Control Closed Throttle Determination (applications without Electronic Throttle Control)
        • Fail-Safe Cooling Strategy
        • Failure Mode Effects Management
        • Engine RPM/Vehicle Speed Limiter
      • Powertrain Control Hardware
        • Powertrain Control Module
          • Notes
          • PCM Locations
        • Natural Gas (NG) Vehicle Module
        • Constant Control Relay Module
        • Fuel Pump Driver Module
        • Generic Electronic Module
        • Keep Alive Memory (KAM)
        • Hardware Limited Operation Strategy (HLOS)
        • Integrated Electronic Ignition System
        • Power and Ground Signals
          • Vehicle Buffered Power (VBPWR)
          • Vehicle Power (VPWR)
          • Vehicle Reference Voltage (VREF)
          • Mass Air Flow Return
          • Signal Return
          • Power Ground
          • Gold Plated Pins
      • PCM Inputs
        • Notes
        • Air Conditioning Cycling Switch
        • Air Conditioning Evaporator Temperature Sensor
        • Air Conditioning Pressure Sensor
        • Air Conditioning High Pressure Switch
        • Brake Pedal Position Switch
        • Brake Pressure Applied/Brake Deactivator Switch
        • Camshaft Position Sensor
        • Clutch Pedal Position Switch
        • Crankshaft Position Sensor (Integrated Ignition Systems)
        • Cylinder Head Temperature Sensor
        • Differential Pressure Feedback EGR Sensor
        • Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor
        • Engine Fuel Temperature Sensor
        • Engine Oil Temperature Sensor
        • Fuel Level Input
        • Fuel Pump Monitor
          • Applications Using a Fuel Pump Relay for Fuel Pump On/Off Control
          • Fuel Pump Driver Module Applications
        • Fuel Tank Pressure Sensor
        • Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor
        • Generator Monitor (Gen Mon)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor
        • Intake Air Temperature Sensor
        • Intake Manifold Runner Control
        • Intake Manifold Swirl Control
        • Intake Manifold Tuning Valve
        • Knock Sensor
        • Mass Air Flow Sensor
        • Output Shaft Speed Sensor
        • Power Steering Pressure Switch
        • Power Steering Pressure Sensor
        • Power Take-Off Switch and Circuit
        • Thermal Manifold Absolute Pressure Sensor
        • Throttle Position Sensor
        • Transmission Control Switch
        • Vehicle Speed Sensor
        • 4x4 Mode Switch
      • PCM Outputs
        • Notes
        • Canister Vent Solenoid
        • Coil Pack
          • Notes
          • Coil On Plug
          • Engine Crank/Engine Running
          • CMP FMEM
        • Electric EGR System (EEGR)
        • EGR System Module (ESM)
        • EGR Vacuum Regulator Solenoid
        • Electric Secondary Air Injection Pump
        • Evaporative Emission Canister Purge Valve
        • Fan Control
        • Fuel Cap Off Indicator Lamp
        • Fuel Pump
          • Applications Using a Fuel Pump Relay for Fuel Pump On/Off Control
          • Fuel Pump Driver Module Applications (and Applications with Fuel Pump Functions Incorporated in Rear Electronic Module)
        • Fuel Injectors
        • Fuel Pressure Regulator Control Solenoid
        • Generator Communication (Gen Com)
        • High Fan Control
        • Idle Air Control Solenoid
        • Intake Manifold Runner Control
        • Intake Manifold Swirl Control
        • Intake Manifold Tuning Valve
        • Low Fan Control
        • Medium Fan Control
        • Secondary Air Injection Bypass Solenoid
        • Transmission Control Indicator Lamp
        • Wide Open Throttle A/C Cut-Off (WAC)
        • Vapor Management Valve (VMV)
        • Powertrain Control Module - Vehicle Speed Output (VSO)
      • Ignition Systems
        • Overview
        • Integrated Electronic Ignition System
        • Hardware
          • Crankshaft Position Sensor
          • Camshaft Position Sensor
          • Coil Pack
          • Coil On Plug
          • Engine Crank/Engine Running
          • CMP FMEM
      • Fuel Systems
        • Overview
          • Notes
          • Returnable Fuel System
          • Mechanical Returnless Fuel System
          • Electronic Returnless Fuel System
        • Fuel Pump and Reservoir
        • Fuel Pump Module
        • Fuel Filters
        • Pressure Test Point
        • Fuel Injector
        • Fuel Pressure Regulator
        • Fuel Rail Pulse Damper
      • Inertia Fuel Shutoff (IFS) Switch
        • Inertia Fuel Shutoff (IFS) Switch
      • Natural Gas Fuel System
        • Overview
        • Natural Gas Fuel System
        • Hardware
          • Fuel Rail
          • Fuel Injector(s)
          • Fuel Pressure Regulator
          • High Pressure Fuel Filter
          • Fuel Lines and Fittings
          • Fueling Connector
            • Flange Assembly-Fuel Tank Fill
          • Fuel Tank Shutoff Valve
          • Inertia Fuel Shutoff (IFS) Switch
            • Notes
            • Reset Instructions
          • Fuel Rail Shut-Off Valve
            • Notes
            • Fuel Rail Valve Circuit Operation
      • Exhaust Gas Recirculation Systems
        • Overview
        • Differential Pressure Feedback EGR System
        • Hardware
          • Differential Pressure Feedback EGR Sensor
          • Tube Mounted Differential Pressure Feedback EGR Sensor
          • EGR Vacuum Regulator Solenoid
          • Exhaust Gas Recirculation Valve
          • Orifice Tube Assembly
          • Electric EGR System (EEGR)
            • Highlights of the Electric System
            • Overview
            • Hardware
          • EGR System Module EGR System (ESM)
            • Overview
      • Evaporative Emission Systems
        • Overview
        • Enhanced Evaporative Emission (EVAP) System
        • Hardware
          • EVAP Canister Purge Valve
          • Fuel Tank Pressure Sensor
          • Canister Vent Solenoid
      • Intake Air Systems
        • Overview
          • Notes
          • Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Electric Actuated System
          • Intake Manifold Swirl Control (IMSC) Vacuum Actuated System
          • Intake Manifold Tuning Valve (IMTV)
        • Throttle Body System Overview
        • Throttle Body System Hardware
          • Notes
          • Throttle Position Sensor
          • Idle Air Control Valve
          • Throttle Body Housing
      • Secondary Air Injection (AIR) Systems
        • Overview
        • Electric Secondary Air Injection System
        • Hardware
          • Electric AIR Pump
          • AIR Bypass Solenoid
          • AIR Diverter Valve
      • Variable Cam Timing System
        • Overview
          • Notes
          • Variable Cam Timing
      • Positive Crankcase Ventilation System
        • Overview
        • Hardware
      • Catalyst and Exhaust Systems
        • Overview
        • Catalytic Converter
          • Notes
          • Light Off Catalyst
          • Three-Way Catalyst (TWC) Conversion Efficiency
        • Exhaust System
          • Notes
          • Underbody Catalyst
          • Three-Way Catalytic Converter
          • Exhaust Manifold/Runners
          • Exhaust Pipes
          • Heated Oxygen Sensors (HO2S)
          • Muffler
      • Supercharger and Intercooler Systems
        • Supercharger Bypass System
          • Notes
          • Supercharger Assembly
          • Supercharger (Boost) Bypass Solenoid/(Thermactor Air Control Solenoid/Vacuum Valve Assembly)
          • Vacuum Reservoir Assembly
        • Intercooler System
      • PCM-Controlled Charging System
        • Overview
      • (Torque Based) Electronic Throttle Control (ETC)
        • Overview
        • Background "Why Torque Based ETC"
        • Electronic Throttle Body (ETB)
        • Accelerator Pedal Position Sensors (APPS)
        • Electronic Throttle Control System Strategy
        • Accelerator and Throttle Position Sensor Inputs
        • Throttle Plate Position Controller (TPPC) Outputs
  • Theory and Operation
    • Engine Controls - Theory & Operation - CNG, Flex-Fuel & Gasoline
      • Vehicle Emission Control Information (VECI)
        • VECI Decal
        • VECI Decal Location
        • Engine/Evaporative Emission System Information
      • Vehicle Certification Label
        • Base Engine Calibration Information
        • Decal Location
        • Engine Calibration Code
      • VECI Acronym Definitions
      • On Board Diagnostics Monitors
        • OBD-I and OBD-II Overview
      • Catalyst Efficiency Monitor
        • Notes
        • Switch Ratio Method
        • Index Ratio Method
        • General Catalyst Monitor Operation
      • Comprehensive Component Monitor
      • Evaporative Emission (EVAP) Leak Check Monitor
      • Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) System Monitor - Delta Pressure Feedback (DPFE) EGR and EGR System Module (ESM) EGR
      • Electric Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EEGR) System Monitor
      • Fuel System Monitor
      • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) Monitor
      • Misfire Detection Monitor
        • Notes
        • Misfire Monitor Operation
          • Notes
          • Low Data Rate System
          • High Data Rate System
        • Generic Misfire Processing
        • Profile Correction
        • Misfire Monitor Specifications
      • PCV System Monitor
      • Secondary Air Injection (AIR) System Monitor-Electric Secondary Air Injection Pump System
      • Thermostat Monitor
      • Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL)
      • Electronic Engine Control (EC) System
        • Overview
        • Modifications to OBD Vehicles
      • Powertrain Control Software
        • Multiplexing
        • Multiplexing Implementation
        • Standard Corporate Protocol (SCP)
        • High Speed - Controller Area Network (HS-CAN)
        • Flash Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory
        • Idle Air Trim
        • Fuel Trim
          • Short Term Fuel Trim
          • Long Term Fuel Trim
        • Idle Speed Control Closed Throttle Determination (applications without Electronic Throttle Control)
        • Fail-Safe Cooling Strategy
        • Failure Mode Effects Management
        • Engine RPM/Vehicle Speed Limiter
      • Powertrain Control Hardware
        • Powertrain Control Module
          • Notes
          • PCM Locations
        • Natural Gas (NG) Vehicle Module
        • Constant Control Relay Module
        • Fuel Pump Driver Module
        • Generic Electronic Module
        • Keep Alive Memory (KAM)
        • Hardware Limited Operation Strategy (HLOS)
        • Integrated Electronic Ignition System
        • Power and Ground Signals
          • Vehicle Buffered Power (VBPWR)
          • Vehicle Power (VPWR)
          • Vehicle Reference Voltage (VREF)
          • Mass Air Flow Return
          • Signal Return
          • Power Ground
          • Gold Plated Pins
      • PCM Inputs
        • Notes
        • Air Conditioning Cycling Switch
        • Air Conditioning Evaporator Temperature Sensor
        • Air Conditioning Pressure Sensor
        • Air Conditioning High Pressure Switch
        • Brake Pedal Position Switch
        • Brake Pressure Applied/Brake Deactivator Switch
        • Camshaft Position Sensor
        • Clutch Pedal Position Switch
        • Crankshaft Position Sensor (Integrated Ignition Systems)
        • Cylinder Head Temperature Sensor
        • Differential Pressure Feedback EGR Sensor
        • Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor
        • Engine Fuel Temperature Sensor
        • Engine Oil Temperature Sensor
        • Fuel Level Input
        • Fuel Pump Monitor
          • Applications Using a Fuel Pump Relay for Fuel Pump On/Off Control
          • Fuel Pump Driver Module Applications
        • Fuel Tank Pressure Sensor
        • Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor
        • Generator Monitor (Gen Mon)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor
        • Intake Air Temperature Sensor
        • Intake Manifold Runner Control
        • Intake Manifold Swirl Control
        • Intake Manifold Tuning Valve
        • Knock Sensor
        • Mass Air Flow Sensor
        • Output Shaft Speed Sensor
        • Power Steering Pressure Switch
        • Power Steering Pressure Sensor
        • Power Take-Off Switch and Circuit
        • Thermal Manifold Absolute Pressure Sensor
        • Throttle Position Sensor
        • Transmission Control Switch
        • Vehicle Speed Sensor
        • 4x4 Mode Switch
      • PCM Outputs
        • Notes
        • Canister Vent Solenoid
        • Coil Pack
          • Notes
          • Coil On Plug
          • Engine Crank/Engine Running
          • CMP FMEM
        • Electric EGR System (EEGR)
        • EGR System Module (ESM)
        • EGR Vacuum Regulator Solenoid
        • Electric Secondary Air Injection Pump
        • Evaporative Emission Canister Purge Valve
        • Fan Control
        • Fuel Cap Off Indicator Lamp
        • Fuel Pump
          • Applications Using a Fuel Pump Relay for Fuel Pump On/Off Control
          • Fuel Pump Driver Module Applications (and Applications with Fuel Pump Functions Incorporated in Rear Electronic Module)
        • Fuel Injectors
        • Fuel Pressure Regulator Control Solenoid
        • Generator Communication (Gen Com)
        • High Fan Control
        • Idle Air Control Solenoid
        • Intake Manifold Runner Control
        • Intake Manifold Swirl Control
        • Intake Manifold Tuning Valve
        • Low Fan Control
        • Medium Fan Control
        • Secondary Air Injection Bypass Solenoid
        • Transmission Control Indicator Lamp
        • Wide Open Throttle A/C Cut-Off (WAC)
        • Vapor Management Valve (VMV)
        • Powertrain Control Module - Vehicle Speed Output (VSO)
      • Ignition Systems
        • Overview
        • Integrated Electronic Ignition System
        • Hardware
          • Crankshaft Position Sensor
          • Camshaft Position Sensor
          • Coil Pack
          • Coil On Plug
          • Engine Crank/Engine Running
          • CMP FMEM
      • Fuel Systems
        • Overview
          • Notes
          • Returnable Fuel System
          • Mechanical Returnless Fuel System
          • Electronic Returnless Fuel System
        • Fuel Pump and Reservoir
        • Fuel Pump Module
        • Fuel Filters
        • Pressure Test Point
        • Fuel Injector
        • Fuel Pressure Regulator
        • Fuel Rail Pulse Damper
      • Inertia Fuel Shutoff (IFS) Switch
        • Inertia Fuel Shutoff (IFS) Switch
      • Natural Gas Fuel System
        • Overview
        • Natural Gas Fuel System
        • Hardware
          • Fuel Rail
          • Fuel Injector(s)
          • Fuel Pressure Regulator
          • High Pressure Fuel Filter
          • Fuel Lines and Fittings
          • Fueling Connector
            • Flange Assembly-Fuel Tank Fill
          • Fuel Tank Shutoff Valve
          • Inertia Fuel Shutoff (IFS) Switch
            • Notes
            • Reset Instructions
          • Fuel Rail Shut-Off Valve
            • Notes
            • Fuel Rail Valve Circuit Operation
      • Exhaust Gas Recirculation Systems
        • Overview
        • Differential Pressure Feedback EGR System
        • Hardware
          • Differential Pressure Feedback EGR Sensor
          • Tube Mounted Differential Pressure Feedback EGR Sensor
          • EGR Vacuum Regulator Solenoid
          • Exhaust Gas Recirculation Valve
          • Orifice Tube Assembly
          • Electric EGR System (EEGR)
            • Highlights of the Electric System
            • Overview
            • Hardware
          • EGR System Module EGR System (ESM)
            • Overview
      • Evaporative Emission Systems
        • Overview
        • Enhanced Evaporative Emission (EVAP) System
        • Hardware
          • EVAP Canister Purge Valve
          • Fuel Tank Pressure Sensor
          • Canister Vent Solenoid
      • Intake Air Systems
        • Overview
          • Notes
          • Intake Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) Electric Actuated System
          • Intake Manifold Swirl Control (IMSC) Vacuum Actuated System
          • Intake Manifold Tuning Valve (IMTV)
        • Throttle Body System Overview
        • Throttle Body System Hardware
          • Notes
          • Throttle Position Sensor
          • Idle Air Control Valve
          • Throttle Body Housing
      • Secondary Air Injection (AIR) Systems
        • Overview
        • Electric Secondary Air Injection System
        • Hardware
          • Electric AIR Pump
          • AIR Bypass Solenoid
          • AIR Diverter Valve
      • Variable Cam Timing System
        • Overview
          • Notes
          • Variable Cam Timing
      • Positive Crankcase Ventilation System
        • Overview
        • Hardware
      • Catalyst and Exhaust Systems
        • Overview
        • Catalytic Converter
          • Notes
          • Light Off Catalyst
          • Three-Way Catalyst (TWC) Conversion Efficiency
        • Exhaust System
          • Notes
          • Underbody Catalyst
          • Three-Way Catalytic Converter
          • Exhaust Manifold/Runners
          • Exhaust Pipes
          • Heated Oxygen Sensors (HO2S)
          • Muffler
      • Supercharger and Intercooler Systems
        • Supercharger Bypass System
          • Notes
          • Supercharger Assembly
          • Supercharger (Boost) Bypass Solenoid/(Thermactor Air Control Solenoid/Vacuum Valve Assembly)
          • Vacuum Reservoir Assembly
        • Intercooler System
      • PCM-Controlled Charging System
        • Overview
      • (Torque Based) Electronic Throttle Control (ETC)
        • Overview
        • Background "Why Torque Based ETC"
        • Electronic Throttle Body (ETB)
        • Accelerator Pedal Position Sensors (APPS)
        • Electronic Throttle Control System Strategy
        • Accelerator and Throttle Position Sensor Inputs
        • Throttle Plate Position Controller (TPPC) Outputs
  • Tune-Up
    • Engine Ignition System - 2.3L
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Engine Ignition
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Engine Ignition
      • Removal And Installation
        • Ignition Coil
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Spark Plug Wire
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Spark Plug
          • Removal and Installation
• General Information
  • Abbreviations
    • Commonly Used Abbreviations - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • "A"
      • "B"
      • "C"
      • "D"
      • "E"
      • "F"
      • "G"
      • "H"
      • "I"
      • "J"
      • "K"
      • "L"
      • "M"
      • "N"
      • "O"
      • "P"
      • "Q"
      • "R"
      • "S"
      • "T"
      • "V"
      • "W"
    • Emission Control Abbreviations
      • "A"
      • "B"
      • "C"
      • "D"
      • "E"
      • "F"
      • "G"
      • "H"
      • "I"
      • "K"
      • "L"
      • "M"
      • "N"
      • "O"
      • "P"
      • "R"
      • "S"
      • "T"
      • "V"
      • "W"
  • Accessories & Equipment
    • Body System - General Information
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications Chart
      • Description And Operation
        • Body
        • Insulation
        • Body Sealer Types And Applications
          • HB Fuller E709
          • 3M Strip Caulk Black 051135-0857B
          • Weatherstrip Adhesive
          • Silicone Lubricant
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Body System
          • Inspection and Verification
            • Leaks
            • Noise
          • Symptom Chart
  • Basic Trouble Shooting
    • Basic Trouble Shooting - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Accessories & Electrical
        • Charging System Trouble Shooting
        • Ignition System Trouble Shooting
        • Starter Trouble Shooting
      • Air Conditioning & Heat
        • Air Conditioning Trouble Shooting
        • Heater System Trouble Shooting
      • Brakes
        • Brake System Trouble Shooting
      • Engine Mechanical
        • Cooling System Trouble Shooting
        • Gasoline Engine - Mechanical Trouble Shooting
      • Engine Performance
        • Carburetor Trouble Shooting:
        • Diesel Engine Trouble Shooting
        • Fuel Injection Trouble Shooting
        • Ignition System Trouble Shooting
        • Starter Trouble Shooting
        • Tune-Up Trouble Shooting - Gas Engine Vehicles
        • Vacuum Pump - Diesel Trouble Shooting
      • Manual Transmission
        • Manual Transmission Trouble Shooting
      • Powertrain
        • Clutch Trouble Shooting
        • Drive Axle - Noise Diagnosis
          • Unrelated Noises
          • Non-Drive Axle Noises
          • Gear Noise
          • Chuckle
          • Knock
          • Clunk
          • Bearing Whine
          • Bearing Rumble
          • Chatter On Turns
          • Axle Shaft Noise
          • Vibration
        • Drive Axle - RWD Trouble Shooting
        • Fwd Axle Shafts & CV Joints Trouble Shooting
      • Steering & Suspension
        • Manual Steering Gear Trouble Shooting
        • Power Steering Trouble Shooting
        • Steering Column Trouble Shooting
        • Suspension Trouble Shooting
        • Wheel Alignment Trouble Shooting
    • Commonly Used Abbreviations - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • "A"
      • "B"
      • "C"
      • "D"
      • "E"
      • "F"
      • "G"
      • "H"
      • "I"
      • "J"
      • "K"
      • "L"
      • "M"
      • "N"
      • "O"
      • "P"
      • "Q"
      • "R"
      • "S"
      • "T"
      • "V"
      • "W"
    • Emission Control Abbreviations
      • "A"
      • "B"
      • "C"
      • "D"
      • "E"
      • "F"
      • "G"
      • "H"
      • "I"
      • "K"
      • "L"
      • "M"
      • "N"
      • "O"
      • "P"
      • "R"
      • "S"
      • "T"
      • "V"
      • "W"
    • Engine Performance - Trouble Shooting - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Engine Performance
  • Brakes
    • Anti-Lock Brake Safety Precautions - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Anti-Lock Brake Safety Precautions
    • Map - Brake Systems
      • Brake Systems
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
        • Accelerometers
        • Accumulators
        • Anchor Pins
        • Anti-Lock Brake Control Assembly(Module)
        • Anti-Lock Brake Controller
        • Anti-Lock Brake Systems
        • Axle Seal
        • Backing Plates
        • Bleeder Screw
        • Brake Abs Active Light (Blue)
        • Brake Fluid
        • Brake Friction Material
        • Brake On - Off Switch
        • Brake Pads
        • Brake Pedals
        • Brake Shoe Hardware
        • Brake Shoes
        • Brake Stoplight Switches
        • Brake Warning Light (Amber)
        • Brake Warning Light (Red)
        • Bulb Sockets
        • Bulbs And LEDS
        • Caliper Hardware
        • Caliper Mounting Pin
        • Caliper Piston
        • Caliper Shim
        • Caliper Slider Pin (Bolt) Dust Boot
        • Caliper Slider Pin (Bolt)
        • Calipers
        • Combination Valve
        • Controllers
        • Digital Ratio Axle Controllers And Buffers (Drab And Dram)
        • Disable Switches
        • Drums
        • Electrical Brake Pumps
        • Electrical Park Motor
        • Electrical Pumps And Motors
        • Electro-Magnetic Interference
        • Electronic Brake Control Modulator
        • Electronic Brake Distribution
        • Electronic Brake Traction Control Module
        • Electronic Controllers
        • Electronic Traction Control
        • External Brake Cable
        • Flow Control Valve
        • Fluid Level Sensor Switches
        • Fluid
        • Four Wheel Drive Switches
        • Friction Material
        • G Sensors
        • Gaskets
        • Gravitational Switches
        • Grease Seal
        • Height Sensing Proportioning Valve
        • High Pressure Accumulator
        • Hoses
        • Hub
        • Hydraulic Control Unit
        • Hydraulic Modulators
        • Hydro-Boosters
        • Hydro-Electric Boosters (POWERMASTER)
        • Ignition Disable Switches
        • Lamp Driver Relay
        • Lateral Acceleration Switches
        • LEDS
        • Lenses
        • Low Pressure Accumulator
        • Lug Nut
        • Master Cylinder Cover Gasket
        • Master Cylinders
        • Modulators
        • Motor Pack
        • Motors
        • Pads
        • Parking Brake Cable
        • Parking Brake Mechanism
        • Parking Brake Shoes
        • Parking Brake Switches
        • Parking Brake Systems
        • Pedal Travel Switches
        • Pedals
        • Power Distribution Center
        • POWERMASTER
        • Pressure Differential Switches
        • Pressure Switches
        • Pressure Transducers
        • Proportioning Valve
        • Pumps
        • Relays
        • RELUCTOR (Speed) Ring
        • Rotors
        • Self-Adjusting Systems
        • Shoe Hardware
        • Shoes
        • Sockets
        • Speed Sensor (RELUCTOR) Ring
        • Speed Sensors (Electronic Wheel And Vehicle)
        • Star Wheel
        • Steel Brake Lines
        • Stoplight Switches
        • Stroke Sensor
        • Switches
        • Tires
        • Tone Ring
        • Toothed Rings (Tone Wheel)
        • Traction Control System (TCS)
        • Transfer Tubes
        • Vacuum Boosters
        • Vacuum Hoses
        • Valves
        • Wear Indicator
        • Wheel Attachment Hardware
        • Wheel Bearings, Races And Seals
        • Wheel Cylinders
        • Wiring Harnesses
        • Yaw Rate Sensor
      • Brake System CHECKSHEET
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
    • Map - Routine Inspection Reference Guide
      • Routine Inspection Reference Guide
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
        • Maintenance Overview
          • Antifreeze/Coolant
          • Visual Inspection
          • Radiator Cap Test
          • Engine Fan
          • Cooling System Power Flush And Refill
          • Belts (Except Timing Belts)
          • Belt TENSIONER
          • Automatic Transmission Fluid
          • Automatic Transmission Fluid Exchange & Filter Replacement
          • Engine Oil
          • Air Filters
          • Cabin Air Filter
          • Brake Fluid
          • Battery
          • Battery Cables
          • Power Steering
          • Power Steering Fluid
          • Wiper Blades
        • Routine Inspection CHECKSHEET
        • Routine Inspection - UICS
          • Brake Systems
            • Notes
            • Brake Fluid
            • Bulbs And LEDS
            • Hoses
            • Lenses
            • Lug Nut
            • Master Cylinder Cover Gasket
            • Parking Brake Cable
            • Vacuum Hoses
            • Wheel Attachment Hardware
            • Wheel Bearings, Races And Seals
          • Drivetrain And Transmission
            • Notes
            • Automatic Transmission Fluid
            • Clutch Master Cylinders
            • Cooler Lines
            • Coolers
            • Differential Fluid
            • Drain Plugs And Gaskets
            • Filters And Screens
            • Fluids And Lubricants
            • Hoses, Lines, And Tubes
            • Hydraulic Fluid
            • Lubricants
            • Manual Transmission Fluid
            • Mounts (Engine, Transaxle And Transmission)
            • Transfer Case Fluid
            • Vacuum Hoses
          • Electrical Systems
            • Batteries
            • Battery Cables
            • Battery Trays And Hold Down Hardware
            • Bulbs, Sealed Beams And LEDS
            • Fuses, Fusible Links And Circuit Breakers
            • Ground Cables And Straps
            • Ground Straps
            • Lenses
            • Sealed Beams
            • Washer Pumps
            • Wiper Arms And Blades
            • Wiper Hoses And Nozzles
            • Wiper Pump Reservoirs
          • Engine Performance And Maintenance
            • Notes
            • Accessory Belts
            • Air Filter Elements
            • Air Filter Gaskets
            • Air Filter Housings And Gaskets
            • Air Pump Belts
            • Batteries
            • Battery Connectors
            • Belt Idler Assemblies (Accessory And Cam Belts)
            • Belt TENSIONERS (Accessory And Cam Belt)
            • Chemical Engine DECARBONIZATION
            • Combustion Chamber Cleaning
            • Coolant Recovery Tanks
            • Coolant
            • Distributor Caps
            • Distributor Rotors
            • Engine Cooling Systems
            • Engine DECARBONIZATION
            • Engine Oil Drain Plugs And Gaskets
            • Engine Oil Filters And Canisters
            • Engine Oil
            • Fuel Filters
            • Fuel Injector Cleaning
            • Fuel Injectors
            • Fuel System Cleaning Service
            • Hose Clamps
            • Hose Connectors
            • Hose Couplers
            • Hoses And Tubes (Fuel Lines, Radiator, Vacuum, By-Pass, Heater, Recovery Tank And Oil Coolers)
            • Ignition Wires (Secondary)
            • Intake Cleaning
            • O2 Sensors
            • PCV Breather Elements
            • PCV Valves
            • Radiator Caps And Pressurized Expansion Tank Caps
            • Spark Plugs
            • Thermostats And Housings
            • Throttle Body Cleaning
            • Timing Belts
            • Vacuum Hoses, Tubes And Connections (Non-Metallic)
          • Exhaust Systems
            • Notes
            • Exhaust And Tail Pipes
          • Heating, Ventilation And Air Conditioning Systems
            • Notes
            • Belts
            • Cabin Air Filters
            • Coolant
            • Evaporator Drain Tubes
            • Evaporator Filters
            • In-Line Filters
            • Vacuum Hoses And Tubes
          • Steering And Suspension, Wheel Alignment, Wheels And Tires
            • Notes
            • Hydraulic Hoses
            • Power Steering Belts
            • Power Steering Fluid
            • Power Steering Hoses
            • Shock Absorbers, Strut Cartridges And Strut Assemblies
            • Strut Rods
            • Tire Pressure Monitoring System
            • Tire Pressure Sensors
            • Tires
            • Valve Stems
            • Wheel Attachment Hardware
            • Wheel Bearings, Races And Seals
      • Wheel & Tire Supplement
        • Notes
        • Tires
        • Mounting Tires
        • Vehicle Tire Placard
        • Tire Rotation
        • Wheel Lug Nut Torque & Clamping Force
        • Popular Tire Rotation Patterns
        • Wheels And Rims
        • Tire Pressure Monitoring Systems
        • Wheels & Tires CHECKSHEET
        • Wheel & Tire - UICS
          • Tire Pressure Monitoring System
          • Tire Pressure Sensors
          • Tires
          • Wheel Alignment
          • Wheel Attachment Hardware
          • Wheels (Rims)
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
  • Check Lists
    • Symptom Check List Worksheet - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Purpose
        • Notes
        • Why Use the Symptom Check List Worksheets?
        • Making the Worksheets a Part of Your Normal Routine
      • Symptom Check List Worksheets
        • Condensed Version - All On One Page
        • Full Version - All On Four Pages
        • Individual System-Based Check Lists
  • OBD-II Drive Cycles
    • 1996-99 Gasoline Models (Except Villager)
      • Introduction
      • Vehicle Preparation for OBD-II or Monitor Repair Verification Drive Cycle
      • OBD-II Drive Cycle
      • Monitor Repair Verification Drive Cycles
    • 1996 Villager
      • OBD-II Drive Cycle Test Procedure
      • Misfire Detection Repair Verification Drive Cycle
    • 1997-99 Villager
      • OBD-II Drive Cycle
    • 2000-04 Gasoline Models
      • Introduction
      • Drive Cycle Recommendations
      • Drive Cycle Procedures
    • 2005-09 Gasoline Models
      • Description of On Board Diagnostic (OBD) Drive Cycle
        • Notes
        • Drive Cycle Recommendations
    • 2010-12 Gasoline Models (Except Fiesta)
      • Description of On Board Diagnostic (OBD) Drive Cycle
      • Drive Cycle Recommendations
    • 2011-12 Fiesta
      • Description of On Board Diagnostic (OBD) Drive Cycle
      • Drive Cycle Recommendations
    • 2003-07 6.0L Diesel
      • Description
      • Drive Cycle Procedure:
    • 2008-10 6.4L Diesel
      • Description
      • Drive Cycle Procedure:
    • 2011-12 6.7L Diesel
      • Description
      • Drive Cycle Procedure
    • 1996-03 7.3L Diesel
      • Description
      • Performing Drive Cycle
    • 2005-09 Hybrid
      • Description
      • Drive Cycle Recommendations
    • 2005-12 Escape Hybrid
      • Description
      • Drive Cycle
    • 2011-12 Fusion Hybrid
      • Description
      • Drive Cycle Recommendations
  • Driveline/Axles
    • Drive Axle Noise Diagnosis - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Unrelated Noises
      • Non-Drive Axle Noises
      • Gear Noise
      • Chuckle
      • Knock
      • Clunk
      • Bearing Whine
      • Bearing Rumble
      • Chatter On Turns
      • Axle Shaft Noise
      • Vibration
    • Gear Tooth Contact Patterns - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Inspection
        • Notes
        • Gear Tooth Contact Pattern
      • Adjustments
        • Notes
        • Gear Backlash & Pinion Shim Changes
    • Map - Drive Train & Transmission
      • Drive Train & Transmission Systems
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
      • Drivetrain And Transmission
        • Notes
        • Actuators (Electrical)
        • Actuators (Vacuum)
        • Automatic Transmission / Transaxle Assemblies/CVTS
        • Automatic Transmission Fluid
        • Axles
        • Bearings And Races
        • Bell Cranks
        • Bell Housings
        • Bushings (External)
        • Cables (Speedometer)
        • Cables (TV, Detent And Shift)
        • Carrier Bearings
        • Clutch Cables And Cable Housings
        • Clutch Discs (Manual Transmissions)
        • Clutch Forks
        • Clutch Linkages (Mechanical)
        • Clutch Master Cylinders
        • Clutch Pedals
        • Clutch Pivots
        • Clutch Pressure Plates
        • Clutch Release Bearings
        • Clutch Slave Cylinders (Concentric)
        • Clutch Slave Cylinders (Conventional Or External)
        • Companion Flanges
        • Connectors
        • Cooler Bypass Valves
        • Cooler Lines
        • Coolers
        • CV Joints
        • Differential And Final Drive Assemblies
        • Differential Fluid
        • Dip Stick Tubes
        • Dip Sticks (Fluid Level Indicators)
        • Dowel Pins, Guides And Pilot Holes
        • Drain Plugs And Gaskets
        • Drive Shaft Flanges
        • Drive Shafts And Half Shafts
        • Dust Boots
        • Engine Mounts
        • Exciter Rings
        • Filler Tubes
        • Filters And Screens
        • Flanges
        • Flex Plates
        • Fluid Level Indicators
        • Fluids And Lubricants
        • Flywheels
        • Force Motors
        • Gaskets
        • Guides
        • Half Shafts
        • Hoses, Lines, And Tubes
        • Housings (Bell, Case, Tail(Extension) And Auxiliary)
        • Hydraulic Fluid
        • Intermediate Shaft Support Bearings
        • Key Interlock Systems
        • Limited Slips
        • Lines
        • Linkages (External)
        • Locking Hub Assemblies
        • Locking Hub Control Knobs
        • Lubricants
        • Manual Transmission Fluid
        • Manual Transmission/Transaxle Assemblies
        • Metal Clad Seals
        • METALASTIC Joints
        • Modulator Pins
        • Modulators
        • Mounts (Engine, Transaxle And Transmission)
        • Odometer Drives (Mechanical)
        • Odometer Heads (Mechanical)
        • Oil Pans
        • Pans
        • Pilot Holes
        • Pressure Plates
        • Pressure Switches
        • Races
        • Rubber Joints (METALASTIC)
        • Screens
        • Seals (Metal Clad)
        • Seals
        • Selector Interlock Systems
        • Sensors
        • Servos
        • Shift Interlock Systems (Selector And Key Interlock Systems)
        • Side Covers
        • Slip Yokes
        • Solenoids
        • Speed Sensors (Electronic Wheel And Vehicle)
        • Speedometer- Driven Gear Housing
        • Speedometer/Odometer Drives (Mechanical)
        • Speedometer/Odometer Heads (Mechanical)
        • Speedometers/Odometers (Electronic)
        • Switches
        • Tone Wheels
        • Toothed Rings (Tone Wheel)
        • Torque Converters
        • Transaxle Mounts
        • Transducers (Transmission)
        • Transfer Case Assemblies
        • Transfer Case Fluid
        • Transmission Coolers
        • Transmission Mounts
        • Transmission Pans
        • Transmission Range Indicators (PRNDL)
        • Tubes
        • Universal Joints (CARDAN Or Cross Type)
        • Vacuum Controls
        • Vacuum Hoses
        • Vacuum Motors
        • Vacuum-Operated Switches
        • Vehicle Speed Sensors
        • Vents
        • Vibration Dampers
        • Wheel Attachment Hardware
        • Wheel Speed Sensors
        • Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
        • Yokes And Slip Yokes
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
    • Trouble Shooting - Clutches - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • All Models
  • DTC Index
    • Air Bag Restraint Systems DTCS
    • Anti-Lock Brakes DTCS
    • Anti-Theft Systems (Passive) DTCS
      • Passive Anti-Theft System (Pats) - Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTC) List
    • Automatic Transmission Electronic Controls Diagnosis DTCS
    • Evaporative Emissions DTCS
    • Handles, Locks, Latches And Entry Systems
    • Horn
    • Instrument Panels DTCS
      • Instrument Cluster Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) List
      • Instrument Panel Restraint Control Module (RCM) Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) List
      • Four Wheel Drive (4WD) Control Module Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) List
    • Power Windows (Glass, Frames And Mechanisms)
    • Lighting Systems
      • Exterior Lighting Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) List (A0027635)
      • Interior Lighting Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) List
    • Self-Diagnostics DTCS
    • Steering Column Switches DTCS
    • Warning Devices
    • Wiper/Washer Systems DTCS
    • Transfer Case
  • Electrical
    • Map - Electrical Systems
      • Electrical Systems
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
        • Actuator Motors (Electric)
        • Actuator Motors (Vacuum)
        • Air Bags
        • Alternators And Generators
        • Amplifiers
        • Antennas
        • Batteries
        • Battery Cables, Wires And Connectors
        • Battery Cables
        • Battery Trays And Hold Down Hardware
        • Battery Wires
        • Belts
        • Bulb Sockets
        • Bulbs, Sealed Beams And LEDS
        • Cd Players
        • Cigarette Lighter Assemblies
        • Circuit Breakers
        • Clutch Switches
        • Connectors
        • Control Modules
        • Cruise Control Brake Switches
        • Cruise Control Cables
        • Cruise Control Clutch Switches
        • Cruise Control Linkages And Cables
        • Cruise Control Reservoirs
        • Cruise Control Tubes
        • Cruise Control Vacuum Dump Release Valves
        • Cruise Control Vacuum Hoses, Tubes And
        • Cruise Control Vehicle Speed Sensors
        • Defoggers
        • Defrosters
        • Delays
        • Dimmers
        • Electric Heaters
        • Equalizers
        • Fuse Blocks
        • Fuse Boxes And Blocks
        • Fuses, Fusible Links And Circuit Breakers
        • Fusible Links
        • Gauges
        • Generators
        • Ground Cables And Straps
        • Ground Straps
        • Headlight Adjusters
        • Heating Elements (Defrosters, Defoggers, Electric Heaters And Seats)
        • Horns And Sirens
        • Ignition Switches
        • Indicator Lights
        • Keyless Entry Keypads And Transmitters
        • Keyless Entry Transmitters
        • LEDS
        • Lenses
        • Microphones
        • Mirrors (ELECTROCHROMATIC And Heated)
        • Motors
        • Neutral Safety Switches
        • Odometers, Speedometers And Tachometers (Cable Driven)
        • Odometers
        • Power Distribution Center
        • Pulleys
        • Receivers, Amplifiers, Equalizers And Sub-Woofer Volume Controls
        • Relay Boxes
        • Relays
        • Sealed Beams
        • Seat Heaters
        • Security Alarm Sensors
        • Sirens
        • Solenoids
        • Speakers And Microphones
        • Speedometer And Tachometer Linkages And Cables
        • Speedometer Cables
        • Speedometers
        • Starters
        • Sub-Woofer Volume Control
        • Switches
        • Tachometer Cables
        • Tachometers
        • Tape Players And Cd Players
        • TENSIONERS
        • Timers
        • Transceivers
        • Transducers
        • Vacuum Accumulators (Reservoirs)
        • Voltage Regulators
        • Washer Fluid Level Senders
        • Washer Pumps
        • Wiper Arms And Blades
        • Wiper Blades
        • Wiper Hoses And Nozzles
        • Wiper Linkages
        • Wiper Nozzles
        • Wiper Pump Reservoirs
        • Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
      • Battery, Starting & Charging System CHECKSHEET
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
    • Using lemon2025'S System Wiring Diagrams
      • Introduction
      • Wiring Diagram Features And Controls
      • Wiring Diagram Color Abbreviations
      • Wiring Diagram Symbols
      • Wiring Diagram Ground Number Locations
      • Wiring Diagram Component Locations
  • Engine
    • Engine Overhaul Procedures - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Description
      • Engine Identification
      • Inspection Procedures
        • * Please Read This First *
        • General
        • Magnetic Particle Inspection
          • Notes
          • Magnaflux & Magnaglo
        • Penetrant Inspection
          • Notes
          • Zyglo
          • Dye Check
        • Ultrasonic Inspection
        • X-Ray Inspection
        • Pressure Testing
      • Cleaning Procedures
        • * Please Read This First *
        • General
        • Bead Blasting
        • Chemical Cleaning
      • Component Cleaning
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Sheet Metal Parts
        • Intake & Exhaust Manifolds
      • Cylinder Head Replacement
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Removal
        • Installation
        • Valve Adjustment
      • Cylinder Head Overhaul
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Cylinder Head Disassembly
        • Cylinder Head Cleaning & Inspection
        • Valve Springs
        • Valve Guide
          • Notes
          • Measuring Valve Guide Clearance
          • Reaming Valve Guide
          • Replacing Valve Guide
        • Valves & Valve Seats
          • Notes
          • Valve Grinding
          • Valve Lapping
          • Valve Seat Grinding
          • Valve Seat Replacement
          • Valve Seat Concentricity
        • Cylinder Head Reassembly
          • Notes
          • Valve Stem Installed Height
        • Valve Stem Oil Seals
          • Notes
          • Replacement (On-Vehicle)
        • Valve Spring Installed Height
        • Rocker Arms & Assemblies
          • Notes
          • Rocker Studs
          • Rocker Arms & Shafts
        • Push Rods
        • Lifters
          • Notes
          • Hydraulic Lifters
          • Mechanical Lifters
      • Pistons, Connecting Rods & Bearings
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Ridge Removal
        • Piston & Connecting Rod Removal
        • Piston & Connecting Rod
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Cleaning
          • Inspection
        • Piston & Cylinder Bore Fit
        • Assembling Piston & Connecting Rod
        • Checking Piston Ring Clearances
        • Piston & Connecting Rod Installation
        • Connecting Rod Side Clearance
        • Main & Connecting Rod Bearing Clearance
          • Notes
          • Plastigage Method
          • Micrometer & Telescopic Gauge Method
      • Crankshaft & Main Bearings
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Removal
        • Cleaning & Inspection
        • Installation
        • Crankshaft End Play
          • Notes
          • Dial Indicator Method
          • Feeler Gauge Method
        • Cylinder Block
          • Notes
          • Block Cleaning
          • Block Inspection
          • Cylinder Bore Inspection
          • Cylinder Honing
          • Deck Warpage
          • Deck Height
          • Main Bearing Bore & Alignment
          • Expansion Plug Removal
          • Expansion Plug Installation
          • Oil Gallery Plug Removal
          • Oil Gallery Plug Installation
      • Camshaft
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Cleaning & Inspection
        • Camshaft Bearings
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Camshaft Installation
        • Camshaft End Play
      • Timing Chains & Belts
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Timing Chains
        • Timing Belts
        • Tension Adjustment
      • Timing Gears
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Timing Gear Backlash & RUNOUT
        • Rear Main Oil Seal Installation
          • Notes
          • One-Piece Type Seal
          • Rope Type Seal
          • Split-Rubber Type Seal
      • Oil Pump
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Rotor Type
        • Gear Type
      • Break-In Procedure
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Engine Pre-Oiling
        • Initial Start-Up
        • Camshaft
        • Piston Rings
        • Final Adjustments
    • General Cooling System Service - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Description
      • Maintenance
        • Draining
        • Flushing
          • Notes
          • Radiator
          • Engine Block
        • Refilling
      • Testing
        • Thermostat
        • Pressure Testing
          • Notes
          • Radiator Cap
          • Cooling System
  • Engine Performance
    • Electrostatic Discharge Warning - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Introduction
      • Handling Static-Sensitive Circuits/Devices
      • Checking Static-Sensitive Circuits/Devices
    • Engine Performance Diagnostic Routine Outline - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Where Does DRIVEABILITY Diagnosis Start?
        • Perform Basic Inspection
        • Check For Trouble Codes
        • Diagnose Symptom
        • Test System
    • Engine Performance Safety Precautions
      • Engine Performance Safety Precautions
    • Map - Engine Performance & Maintenance
      • Engine Performance And Maintenance (Including Exhaust Systems)
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
      • Engine Performance & Maintenance CHECKSHEET
      • Engine Performance And Maintenance
        • Notes
        • Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor
        • Accessory Belts
        • Accessory Pulleys
        • Air Conditioning Cycling Switches
        • Air Conditioning Pressure Sensors
        • Air Ducts And Tubes
        • Air Filter Elements
        • Air Filter Gaskets
        • Air Filter Housings And Gaskets
        • Air Fuel Ratio Sensors
        • Air Injection Control Solenoids
        • Air Plenums
        • Air Pump Belts
        • Air Pumps (Electric Driven)
        • Air Tubes
        • Aspirator, Check And DECEL Valves
        • Baffles
        • Ballast Primary Supply Resistor Wires
        • Ballast Resistors And Primary Supply Resistors
        • Barometric Pressure Sensors
        • Batteries
        • Battery Cables, Wires And Connectors
        • Battery Connectors
        • Battery Trays And Hold Down Hardware
        • Battery Wires
        • Belt Idler Assemblies (Accessory And Cam Belts)
        • Belt TENSIONERS (Accessory And Cam Belt)
        • Belt-Driven Air Pumps
        • Boost Control Mechanism
        • Camshaft Position Sensors
        • Carburetors And Chokes
        • Casting Core Plugs And Expansion Plugs
        • Charge Air Coolers ""INTERCOOLERS"" (CAC)
        • Check Valves
        • Chemical Engine DECARBONIZATION
        • Chokes
        • Clutch Pedal Position Switches
        • Cold Start Injectors
        • Combustion Chamber Cleaning
        • Connectors
        • Coolant Recovery Tanks
        • Coolant
        • Cooling Fan Motor Modules
        • Cooling Fan Motor Relays And Modules
        • Cooling Fan Motor Resistors
        • Cooling Fan Motor Sensors And Switches
        • Cooling Fan Motor Switches
        • Cooling Fan Motors
        • Crankshaft Position Sensors
        • Cylinder Deactivation Solenoid
        • Cylinder Head Assemblies
        • DECEL Valves
        • Deflectors
        • Dip Stick Tubes
        • Dip Sticks And Tubes
        • Distributor Advances And Retarders (Mechanical And Vacuum)
        • Distributor Boots And Shields
        • Distributor Caps
        • Distributor Retarders (Mechanical And Vacuum)
        • Distributor Rotors
        • Distributor Shields
        • Distributors
        • Early Fuel Evaporation Valves (Heat Riser Assemblies)
        • EGR Coolers
        • EGR Exhaust Manifold Passages
        • EGR Intake And Exhaust Manifold Passages
        • EGR Plates And Coolers
        • Electronic Spark Control Modules
        • Electronic Transmission Control Devices
        • Electronic Transmission Feedback Devices
        • Engine Coolant Temperature Sensors
        • Engine Cooling Systems
        • Engine Covers (Oil Pan, Valve Cover, Timing Cover)
        • Engine DECARBONIZATION
        • Engine Oil Canisters
        • Engine Oil Coolers (External)
        • Engine Oil Drain Plugs And Gaskets
        • Engine Oil Filters And Canisters
        • Engine Oil Gaskets
        • Engine Oil Pressure Gauges (Mechanical)
        • Engine Oil
        • Evaporative Emissions (EVAP) Canister Filters
        • Evaporative Emissions (EVAP) Canister Purge Devices
        • Evaporative Emissions (EVAP) Canisters
        • Evaporative Emissions (EVAP) Feedback Devices
        • Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION Devices
        • Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION Feedback Devices
        • Expansion Plugs
        • Fan Control Sensor
        • Fuel Accumulators And Dampers
        • Fuel And Cold Start Injectors
        • Fuel Caps
        • Fuel Dampers
        • Fuel Delivery Check Valves
        • Fuel Distributors (BOSCH Cis)
        • Fuel Filler Necks And RESTRICTORS
        • Fuel Filters
        • Fuel Injector Cleaning
        • Fuel Injectors
        • Fuel Level Senders
        • Fuel Pressure Regulators
        • Fuel Pumps (In-Tank, External, Electrical Or Mechanical)
        • Fuel Rails
        • Fuel RESTRICTORS
        • Fuel System Cleaning Service
        • Fuel Tanks
        • Fuel
        • Gaskets
        • Grommets (Valve Cover)
        • Harmonic Dampers
        • Heater Control Valves
        • Heater Cores
        • Hose Clamps
        • Hose Connectors
        • Hose Couplers
        • Hoses And Tube Couplers, Connectors And Clamps
        • Hoses And Tubes (Fuel Lines, Radiator, Vacuum, By-Pass, Heater, Recovery Tank And Oil Coolers)
        • Housings
        • Idle Air Controls
        • Idle Speed Control Actuators
        • Ignition Boots
        • Ignition Coil Towers
        • Ignition Coils
        • Ignition Control Modules (ICM)
        • Ignition Switches
        • Ignition Terminals
        • Ignition Wires (Secondary)
        • Inertia Fuel Shut-Off Switches
        • Intake Air Temperature Sensors
        • Intake Cleaning
        • Intake Manifolds
        • In-Tank Fuel Strainers
        • INTERCOOLERS
        • Knock Sensors
        • Liquid Vapor Separators
        • Long Block Assemblies
        • Manifold Absolute Pressure (Map) Sensors
        • Mass Air Flow (MAF) Sensors
        • Metal Air Manifolds And Pipes
        • Metal Air Pipes
        • Mix Control Solenoids
        • Motor Mounts
        • O2 Sensors
        • Oil Pans
        • Oil Pressure Sending Units
        • Oil Pump Pick-Up Screens
        • Oil Pumps
        • O-Rings, Gaskets, Seals And Spring Locks
        • Park Neutral Position Switches
        • PCV Breather Elements
        • PCV Orifices
        • PCV Valves
        • Pick-Up Assemblies (Includes Magnetic, Hall Effect And Optical)
        • Power Steering Pressure Sensors
        • Powertrain Control Modules (Pcm) And Prom
        • Powertrain Control Prom
        • Pressurized Expansion Tank Caps
        • Radiator / Cooling Fan Blades
        • Radiator / Cooling Fan Clutches
        • Radiator Caps And Pressurized Expansion Tank Caps
        • Radiators
        • Roll Over Valves
        • Sealing Compounds
        • Seals
        • Secondary Air Injection System Management Devices
        • Sensors
        • Short Block Assemblies
        • Shrouds, Baffles And Deflectors
        • Spark Plugs
        • Spring Locks
        • Super Chargers
        • Switches
        • Thermal Vacuum Valves
        • Thermostatic Air Door Assemblies
        • Thermostats And Housings
        • Throttle Bodies
        • Throttle Body Cleaning
        • Throttle Cables
        • Throttle Linkages And Cables
        • Throttle Position Sensors
        • Throttle Position Switches
        • Timing Belt Sprockets
        • Timing Belts
        • Timing Covers
        • Torque Struts
        • Transmission Range Switches
        • Tube Clamps
        • Tube Connectors
        • Tube Couplers
        • Tubes
        • Turbo Chargers
        • Vacuum Connections
        • Vacuum Hoses, Tubes And Connections (Non-Metallic)
        • Vacuum Regulator Solenoids
        • Vacuum Tubes
        • Valve Covers
        • Vehicle Speed Senors
        • Volume Air Flow Sensors
        • Waste Gate And Boost Control Mechanisms
        • Waste Gate Control Solenoids
        • Water Pumps (Electric)
        • Water Pumps (Non-Electric)
        • Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
    • Parasitic Load Explanation & Test Procedures - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • General Information
      • Testing For Parasitic Load
        • Notes
        • CHRYSLER Ignition Off Draw (IOD) Test
        • Test Procedure Using Test Switch
        • Intermittent Parasitic Load Problems
        • Diode Check & Solenoid Test
        • Quad Driver Test
    • State Emission Standards - Diesel
      • ARIZONA
      • Colorado
      • CONNECTICUT
      • IDAHO
      • KENTUCKY
      • MASSACHUSETTS
      • New YORK
      • OHIO
      • RHODE Island
      • UTAH
      • WASHINGTON
    • State Emission Standards - Gas
      • ALASKA
      • ARIZONA
      • CALIFORNIA
        • California Emission Standards ASM Tests
        • Legend
        • Pass/Fail Emission Standards = A+B / VTW
      • Colorado
      • CONNECTICUT
      • DELAWARE
      • District Of COLUMBIA
      • GEORGIA
      • IDAHO
      • ILLINOIS
      • INDIANA
      • KENTUCKY
      • MARYLAND
      • MASSACHUSETTS
      • MISSOURI
      • NEVADA
      • New Jersey
      • New MEXICO
      • New YORK
      • North CAROLINA
      • OHIO
      • OREGON
      • PENNSYLVANIA
      • RHODE Island
      • TENNESSEE
      • TEXAS
      • UTAH
      • VIRGINIA
      • WASHINGTON
      • WISCONSIN
      • U. S. EPA ASM2525 & ASM5015 Start-Up Emission Standards
      • U. S. EPA Revised Final ASM Emission Standards (ASM5015 & ASM2525)
      • U.S. EPA Im240 Emission Standards
        • Start-Up Standards
        • Final Standards
    • Waveforms - Injector Pattern Tutorial - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Purpose Of This Article
        • Notes
        • Scope Of This Article
      • Is A Lab Scope Necessary?
        • Introduction
        • Overview Of NOID Light
          • Notes
          • Use the Right Noid Light
        • Overview Of DVOM
          • Notes
          • Checking Injector Resistance
          • Checking Available Voltage At the Injector
          • Checking Injector On-Time With Built-In Function
          • Checking Injector On-Time With Dwell Or Duty
          • How A Duty Cycle Meter and Dwell Meter Work
          • Strengths of Dwell/Duty Meter
          • Weaknesses of Dwell/Duty Meter
      • The Two Types Of Injector Drivers
        • Notes
        • Overview
        • Voltage Controlled Circuit ("Saturated Switch")
        • Current Controlled Circuit ("Peak & Hold")
      • The Two Ways Injector Circuits Are Wired
      • Interpreting Injector Waveforms
        • Notes
        • Interpreting A Voltage Controlled Pattern
        • Interpreting A Current Controlled Pattern
      • Current Waveform Samples
        • Notes
        • Example #1 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #2 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #3 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #4 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #5 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #6 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #7 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #8 - Current Controlled Driver
      • Voltage Waveform Samples
        • Notes
        • Example #1 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #2 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #3 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #4 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #5 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #6 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #7 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #8 - Current Controlled Driver
  • Map - Exhaust Systems
    • Exhaust Systems
      • Notes
      • Map Standards Of Service
      • The Map Process - Overview
      • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
      • Catalytic Converters
      • Exhaust And Tail Pipes
      • Exhaust Connections
      • Hangers
      • Heat Risers (Mechanical EFE Devices)
      • Heat Shields
      • Manifolds (Cast And Tube Type)
      • Mechanical EFE Devices
      • Muffler Valve
      • Mufflers And Resonators
    • Reason Code Explanation
  • Heating, Ventilation & A/C (HVAC)
    • Map - Heating, Ventilation, & Air Conditioning
      • Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning Systems
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
        • Accumulators
        • Actuators (Electrical)
        • Actuators (Vacuum)
        • Air Conditioning Fittings
        • Air Conditioning Hoses
        • Air Conditioning Metal Lines
        • Air Control Doors
        • Air Dams (External)
        • Air Distribution System
        • Belts
        • Blend Doors
        • Blower Fans (Blower Wheel Or Squirrel Cage)
        • Blower Motors
        • Blower Resistors
        • Blower Switches
        • Cabin Air Filters
        • Circuit Breakers
        • Compressor Clutch Assemblies
        • Compressors
        • Condenser Air Seals
        • Condenser Fan Motors
        • Condensers
        • Connectors
        • Control Cables
        • Control Heads (Function Selectors)
        • Control Linkages
        • Control Modules
        • Coolant
        • Cooling Fan Blades
        • Cooling Fan Clutches
        • Cooling Fan Motors
        • Evaporator Drain Tubes
        • Evaporator Filters
        • Evaporator Pressure Regulators (EPRS)
        • Evaporators
        • Expansion Valves
        • Function Selectors
        • Fuses, Fusible Links And Circuit Breakers
        • Fusible Links
        • Gaskets
        • Heater Cases
        • Heater Control Valves
        • Heater Cores
        • Heater Hoses
        • High Pressure Relief Valves (HPRV)
        • Idlers
        • In-Line Filters
        • Metal Fittings
        • Metal Lines
        • Mix And Air Control Doors (Blend Doors)
        • ORIFACE Tubes
        • O-Rings
        • Pilot-Operated Absolutes (POAS)
        • Plenums
        • Pressure Control Valves
        • Pressure Sensors
        • Pulleys
        • Radiators
        • Receiver-DRIERS
        • Refrigerant Oil
        • Refrigerant
        • Relays
        • Seals
        • Service Ports
        • Spring Lock Couplings
        • Suction Throttling Valves (STVS)
        • Switches (Electrical)
        • TENSIONERS
        • Thermistors And Pressure Sensors
        • Thermostats And Housings
        • Vacuum Hoses And Tubes
        • Vacuum Reservoirs
        • Vacuum Tubes
        • Valves In Receiver (VIRS)
        • Water Pumps (Electric Auxiliary)
        • Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
      • Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning System CHECKSHEET
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
  • Hoist/Jack
    • Jacking & Lifting
      • Description And Operation
        • Jacking
          • Notes
          • Jacking Points - Front
          • Jacking Points - Rear
        • Lifting
          • Notes
          • Lifting Points - 4x2
          • Lifting Points - 4x4
  • Identification
    • CANADIAN Model Cross-Reference
      • * Please Read This First *
      • ACURA
      • ASUNA
      • AUDI
      • BMW
      • CHRYSLER Corp.
        • CHRYSLER
        • Dodge
        • Eagle
        • PLYMOUTH
      • General Motors
        • BUICK
        • CHEVROLET
        • GMC
        • OLDSMOBILE
        • Optima
        • PONTIAC
      • HYUNDAI
      • Jaguar
      • KIA
      • MAZDA
      • MERCEDES-BENZ
      • Mercury
      • MERKUR
      • MITSUBISHI
      • NISSAN
      • RENAULT
      • SATURN
      • Smart
      • SUBARU
      • SUZUKI
      • TOYOTA
      • VOLKSWAGEN
      • VOLVO
      • All Others
    • Identification Codes
      • Description And Operation
        • Identification Codes
          • Vehicle identification Number (VIN) Locator
          • Vehicle Identification Number
            • World Manufacturer Identifier (WMI)
            • Brake, Restraint Type and Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR)
            • Vehicle Line, Series and Body Type
            • Engine Code
            • Check Digit
            • Model Year
            • Assembly Plant
            • Production Sequence Number
          • Vehicle Certification (VC) Label
            • Vehicle Certification (VC) Label Locator
            • Paint Code
            • Wheelbase
            • Brake Type
            • Interior Trim
            • Tape/Paint Stripe
            • Radio Type
            • Axle Code
            • Transmission Type
            • Spring Codes
          • Powertrain Calibration Information
            • Notes
            • Protocol 1
            • Protocol 2
            • Protocol 3
            • Unique Calibration
            • Revision Level
  • Metric Conversions
    • Engine Displacement Conversion Table - ECAT
      • Conversion Table
    • Metric Conversions
      • Metric Conversions
        • Notes
        • Length
        • Volume
        • Torque
        • Pressure
      • Conversion Factors
  • OEM General Information
    • Identification Codes
      • Description And Operation
        • Identification Codes
          • Vehicle identification Number (VIN) Locator
          • Vehicle Identification Number
            • World Manufacturer Identifier (WMI)
            • Brake, Restraint Type and Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR)
            • Vehicle Line, Series and Body Type
            • Engine Code
            • Check Digit
            • Model Year
            • Assembly Plant
            • Production Sequence Number
          • Vehicle Certification (VC) Label
            • Vehicle Certification (VC) Label Locator
            • Paint Code
            • Wheelbase
            • Brake Type
            • Interior Trim
            • Tape/Paint Stripe
            • Radio Type
            • Axle Code
            • Transmission Type
            • Spring Codes
          • Powertrain Calibration Information
            • Notes
            • Protocol 1
            • Protocol 2
            • Protocol 3
            • Unique Calibration
            • Revision Level
    • Jacking & Lifting
      • Description And Operation
        • Jacking
          • Notes
          • Jacking Points - Front
          • Jacking Points - Rear
        • Lifting
          • Notes
          • Lifting Points - 4x2
          • Lifting Points - 4x4
    • Noise, Vibration & Harshness
      • Description And
        • Notes
        • Acceptable Noise, Vibration and Harshness
        • Diagnostic Theory
        • Glossary of Terms
          • Acceleration - Light
          • Acceleration - Medium
          • Acceleration - Heavy
          • Ambient Temperature
          • Amplitude
          • Backlash
          • Boom
          • Bound Up
          • Brakes Applied
          • Buffet/Buffeting
          • Buzz
          • Camber
          • Caster
          • Chatter
          • Chirp
          • Chuckle
          • Click
          • Clonk
          • Clunk/Driveline Clunk
          • Coast/Deceleration
          • Coast/Neutral Coast
          • Constant Velocity (CV) Joint
          • Controlled Rear Suspension Height
          • Coupling Shaft
          • Cps
          • Cracks
          • Creak
          • Cruise
          • Cycle
          • Decibel
          • Drive Engine Run-Up (DERU) Test
          • Driveline Angles
          • Driveshaft
          • Drivetrain
          • Drivetrain Damper
          • Drone
          • Drumming
          • Dynamic Balance
          • Engine Imbalance
          • Engine Misfire
          • Engine Shake
          • Flexible Coupling
          • Float
          • Flutter
          • Frequency
          • Gravelly Feel
          • Grind
          • Hiss
          • Hoot
          • Howl
          • Hum
          • Hz
          • Imbalance
          • Inboard
          • Intensity
          • Isolate
          • Knock
          • Moan
          • Neutral Engine Run-Up (NERU) Test
          • Neutralize/Normalize
          • Outboard
          • Ping
          • Pinion Shaft
          • Pitch
          • Pumping Feel
          • Radial/Lateral
          • Rattle
          • Ring Gear
          • Road Test
          • Roughness
          • Runout
          • Rustling
          • Shake
          • Shimmy
          • Shudder
          • Slap
          • Slip Yoke/Slip Spline
          • Squeak
          • Squeal
          • Static Balance
          • Tap
          • Thump
          • Tick
          • Tip-In Moan
          • TIR
          • Tire Deflection
          • Tire Flat Spots
          • Tire Force Vibration
          • Transient
          • Two-Plane Balance
          • Vibration
          • Whine
          • Whistle
          • Wind Noise
          • Wot
        • Tools and Techniques
          • Electronic Vibration Analyzer (EVA)
          • Vibrate Software(R)
          • Combination EngineEAR/ChassisEAR
          • EngineEAR Basic Unit
          • Ultrasonic Leak Detector
          • Squeak and Rattle Repair Kit
          • Tracing Powder
          • Index Card
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Notes
        • 1: Customer Interview
        • 2: Pre-Drive Check
        • 3: Preparing for the Road Test
        • 4: Verify the Customer Concern
        • 5: Road Test
        • Slow Acceleration Test
        • Heavy Acceleration Test
        • Neutral Coast Down Speed Test
        • Downshift Speed Test
        • Steering Input Test
        • Brake Test
        • Road Test Over Bumps
        • Neutral Engine Run-Up (NERU) Test
        • Drive Engine Run-Up (DERU) Load Test
        • Engine Accessory Test
        • Vehicle Cold Soak Procedure
        • 6: Check TSBs/Repair History
        • 7: Diagnostic Procedure
        • NVH Condition and Symptom Categories
          • Notes
          • Operating Condition-Vehicle is Not Moving
          • Operating Condition-Vehicle is Moving
        • Symptom Charts
          • Symptom Chart - Air Leak and Wind Noise
          • Symptom Chart-Brake Noise/Vibration
          • Symptom Chart-Driveline Noise/Vibration
          • Symptom Chart - Engine Noise/Vibration
          • Symptom Chart-Idle Noise/Vibration
          • Symptom Chart-Squeak and Rattle
          • Symptom Chart-Steering Noise/Vibration
          • Symptom Chart-Suspension Noise/Vibration
          • Symptom Chart-Tire Noise/Vibration
          • Symptom Chart-Transmission (Manual) and Transfer Case Noise/Vibration
          • Symptom Chart-Transmission (Automatic) Noise/Vibration
        • Pinpoint Tests
          • Notes
          • Pinpoint Test A: Brake Vibration/Shudder
          • Pinpoint Test B: Engine Ticking Noise
          • Pinpoint Test C: Accessory Drive Bearing Hoot
          • Pinpoint Test D: Power Steering Moan
          • Pinpoint Test E: Engine Driven Cooling Fan Moan
          • Pinpoint Test F: Drumming Noise
          • Pinpoint Test G: Engine Ticking, Knocking Or Continuous Rattle
          • Pinpoint Test H: Front Suspension Noise
          • Pinpoint Test I: Rear Suspension Noise
          • Pinpoint Test J: Wheel And Tire
          • Pinpoint Test K: High Speed Shake Or Shimmy
          • Pinpoint Test L: Clutch Vibration
          • Pinpoint Test M: Transfer Case Vibration
        • Component Tests
          • Idle Air Control (IAC) Valve
          • Steering Gear Grunt/Shudder Test
          • Driveshaft With a Thump or Clunk Condition
          • Checking Tooth Contact Pattern and Condition of the Ring and Pinion
          • Tire Wear Patterns and frequency calculations
          • Tire Speed and Frequency Chart
        • Neutralize Powertrain and Exhaust - Automatic Transmission
        • Neutralize Powertrain and Exhaust - Manual Transmission
      • General Procedures
        • Brake Disc Machining
        • Powertrain/Drivetrain Mount Neutralizing
        • Exhaust System Neutralizing
        • Wheel Bearing Check
  • Maintenance Reminder Light (Reset Procedures)
    • A/C Filter Service Reminder
      • Notes
      • A/C Filter Service Reminder Reset Procedure
    • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder
      • Notes
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
        • Oil Life Reset - Base Instrument Cluster
        • Oil Life Reset - Message Center Instrument Cluster
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 04
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 05
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 06
        • Non-Hybrid
        • Hybrid
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 07
        • Owner's Manual 1
        • Owner's Manual 2
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 08
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 09
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 10
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 11
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 12
        • With Base Instrument Cluster
        • With Message Center Instrument Cluster
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 13
        • With Message Center Instrument Cluster
        • With Base Instrument Cluster
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 14
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 15
        • Base Message Center
        • Uplevel Message Center
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 16
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 17
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 18
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 19
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 20
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 21
        • Notes
        • Without Message Center
        • With Message Center
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 22
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 23
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 24
        • Path 1
        • Path 2
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 25
        • Base Cluster
        • High Series Cluster
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 26
        • Resetting The Engine Oil Change Reminder - Vehicles With: 2.3 Inch Screen/4.2 Inch Screen
        • Resetting The Engine Oil Change Reminder - Vehicles With: 8 Inch Screen
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 27
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 28
    • Maintenance Service Reminder (Overhead Warning Lights)
      • Notes
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset Procedure
    • Maintenance Service Reminder (Sri)
      • Notes
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
    • Maintenance Service Reminder (VMM)
      • Notes
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
    • Tire Pressure Monitor System Reminder
      • Notes
      • Tire Pressure Sensor Types
        • Notes
        • Banded Sensor
        • Valve Mounted Bolt-On Sensor
        • Valve Mounted Snap-In Sensor
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 04
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 05
        • Notes
        • Vehicles With Message Center
        • Vehicles Without Message Center
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 07
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 08
        • Notes
        • Performing the System Reset Procedure - Single Rear Wheel
        • Performing the System Reset Procedure - Dual Rear Wheel
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 09
        • Overview
        • Carrying Out the System Reset Procedure
        • To reset the tire pressure monitoring system for vehicles equipped with 2.3" information display, scroll to:
        • To reset the tire pressure monitoring system for vehicles equipped with 4.2" information display, scroll to:
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 10
  • Specifications Index
    • Common Specs & Procedures
      • Specifications Index
  • Steering
    • Map - Steering, Suspension, Wheel Alignment, Wheels & Tires
      • Steering & Suspension Systems
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
      • Wheel And Tire
        • Notes
        • Tires
        • Mounting Tires
        • Vehicle Tire Placard
        • Tire Rotation
        • Wheel Lug Nut Torque & Clamping Force
        • Popular Tire Rotation Patterns
        • Wheels And Rims
        • Tire Pressure Monitoring Systems
      • Steering & Suspension CHECKSHEET
      • Wheels & Tires CHECKSHEET
      • Steering And Suspension, Wheel Alignment, Wheels And Tires
        • Notes
        • Active Handling
        • Active Suspension Control Modules
        • Active Variable Ratio Steering
        • Active Yaw Control
        • Adaptive Cruise Control
        • Advance TRAC
        • Air Bags
        • Air Ride Control Modules
        • Air Ride Suspension Torsion Springs (Counter Balancing)
        • Air Ride Suspension
        • Air Ride Tubes
        • Air Shocks And Air Struts
        • Air Spring Valves
        • Air Springs
        • Air Suspension Control Valves
        • Air Suspension DRIERS
        • Axle Acceleration Sensor
        • Ball Joints
        • Body Acceleration Sensor
        • Bushings
        • Center Links
        • Compressors
        • Continuous Damping Control
        • Control Arm Shafts
        • Control Arms
        • Control Modules
        • Distance Regulation Control Module
        • Distance Regulation Sensor
        • Drag Links
        • Dynamic Stability Control
        • Dynamic Stability Traction Control
        • Electronic Ride Control Shocks And Struts
        • Electronic Stability Control
        • Electronic Suspension System
        • Flex Couplers
        • Gaskets
        • Height Sensors
        • Hydraulic Hoses
        • Hydraulic Power Steering Pumps
        • Hydraulic Suspension Hoses
        • Hydraulic Suspension Pumps
        • Idler Arms
        • Intermediate Shaft U-Joints
        • King Pins
        • Modules
        • Pitman Arms
        • Power Steering Belts
        • Power Steering Coolers
        • Power Steering Fluid
        • Power Steering Hoses
        • Power Steering Lines (Steel)
        • Power Steering Pumps - Electric
        • Power Steering Pumps
        • Radar Sensor
        • Radius Arms
        • Relay Rods
        • Relays
        • Sensors
        • Shock Absorbers, Strut Cartridges And Strut Assemblies
        • Spindles
        • Springs, Coil, Leaf And Torsion Bars
        • STABILITRAC
        • Stability Management System
        • Steering Angle Sensor
        • Steering Arms
        • Steering Couplers
        • Steering Dampers
        • Steering Gears (Except Rack And Pinion)
        • Steering Gears, Rack And Pinion
        • Steering Knuckles
        • Strike Out Bumpers
        • Strut Bearing Plate Assemblies
        • Strut Rods
        • Suspension Pumps (Hydraulic)
        • Sway Bar Links
        • Sway Bar Mounting Bushings
        • Sway Bars
        • Switches
        • Tie Rod Ends (Inner And Outer)
        • Tire Pressure Monitoring System
        • Tire Pressure Sensors
        • Tires
        • Torque Sensor
        • Torsion Springs
        • Track Bar Bushings
        • Track Bars
        • Trailing Arm Bushings
        • Trailing Arms
        • Valve Stems
        • Vehicle Dynamics Control
        • Vehicle Speed Sensor
        • Vehicle Stability Assist
        • Vehicle Stability/Skid Control
        • Warning Lamps
        • Wheel Alignment
        • Wheel Attachment Hardware
        • Wheel Bearings, Races And Seals
        • Wheels (Rims)
        • Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
    • Wheel Alignment Theory & Operation - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Pre-Alignment Instructions
        • Notes
        • General Alignment Checks
      • Adjustments
        • Notes
        • Camber
        • Caster
        • Toe-In Adjustment
        • Toe-Out On Turns
        • Steering Axis Inclination
  • Traction Control Disable Procedures
    • Traction Control Disable
  • Trouble Shooting - Manual Transmission - General Information
    • * Please Read This First *
    • Introduction
• Heating, Ventilation & A/C (HVAC)
  • General Servicing
    • Cabin Air Filter (Special Applications) - General Information
      • Cabin Air Filter Applications
  • HVAC Control Systems
    • HVAC System
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Heating/Defrosting
          • Notes
          • Component Locations
          • Heater Core
          • Blower Motor
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Heating/Defrosting
      • Removal And Installation
        • Blower Motor
          • Removal and Installation
        • Evaporator Core Housing
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
    • HVAC System - Air Distribution System & Filtering System
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Air Distribution
          • Notes
          • Instrument Panel Registers
          • Component Locations
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Air Distribution
      • Removal And Installation
        • Register - LH
          • Removal and Installation
        • Register - RH
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Register - Center
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Nozzle - Windshield Defroster and Side Window Demister
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Duct - LH Instrument Panel Register
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Duct - RH Instrument Panel Register
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Duct - Center Instrument Panel Register
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Duct - Heater Outlet Floor
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Plenum Chamber
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Door - Air Inlet Duct
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • HVAC System - Control Components
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Control Components
          • Notes
          • Control System Inputs
          • Function Selector Switch
          • Temperature Control Switch
          • Blower Motor Switch
          • Control System Outputs
            • Heater Blower Motor Switch Resistor(s)
            • A/C Electronic Blend Door Actuator
          • Vacuum Control Motors
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Control Components
      • Removal And Installation
        • Climate Control Assembly
          • Removal and Installation
        • Blower Motor Switch
          • Removal and Installation
        • Function Selector Switch
          • Removal and Installation
        • Temperature Blend Door Actuator
          • Removal and Installation
        • Vacuum Control Motor - Panel/Floor Door
          • Removal and Installation
        • Vacuum Control Motor - Panel Defrost Door
          • Removal and Installation
        • Vacuum Control Motor - Air Inlet Door
          • Removal and Installation
        • Vacuum Reservoir
          • Removal and Installation
    • HVAC System - General Information
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Climate Control System
          • Notes
          • Principles of Operation
          • Heat Transfer
          • Latent Heat of Vaporization
          • Relative Humidity
          • Effects of Pressure on Boiling or Condensation
          • Compressor Anti-Slugging Strategy
          • The Refrigerant Cycle
          • Clutch Cycling Orifice Tube Type Refrigerant System
          • System Airflow Description - Manual Climate Control
            • Max A/C
            • A/C
            • Panel
            • Off
            • Panel/Floor
            • Floor
            • Floor/Defrost
            • Defrost
          • Climate Control System Electrical Components
            • Electrical Components
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Climate Control System
          • Notes
          • Vacuum Schematic - Manual Climate Control System
          • Vacuum Connector End View - Manual A/C
          • Vacuum Application Chart-Manual A/C
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Powertrain Control Module Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
            • Climate Control System
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Incorrect/Erratic Direction Of Airflow From Outlet(S)
            • Pinpoint Test B: Insufficient, Erratic, Or No Heat
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Air Conditioning (A/C) Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Air Conditioning (A/C) Is Always On
            • Pinpoint Test E: No Operation In All The Temperature Settings
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Blower Motor Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Blower Motor Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test H: No Operation In High Blower Setting
          • Component Tests
            • Heater Core
            • Heater Core - Plugged
            • Heater Core - Pressure Test
            • Heater Core - Bench Test
            • A/C Evaporator/Condenser Core - On-Vehicle Leak Test
            • A/C Compressor - External Leak Test
      • General Procedures
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) System Check - Retail Procedure
        • Spring Lock Coupling
          • Notes
          • Disconnect
          • Cleaning
          • Connect
        • Air Conditioning Line (Peanut) Fitting
          • Disconnect
          • Connect
        • Refrigerant System Tests
          • Notes
          • Procedure 1 - Ambient Temperature At or Below 38°C (100°F)
          • Procedure 2 - Ambient Temperature Above 38°C (100°F)
          • Diagnostic Table
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) Clutch Air Gap Adjustment
        • Manifold Gauge Set Connection
        • Electronic Leak Detection
        • Fluorescent Dye Leak Detection
          • Notes
          • Fluorescent Dye Detection
          • Fluorescent Dye Injection - Using an A/C Refrigerant Center and Dye Injector
          • Fluorescent Dye Injection - Using a Dye Injector Loop Kit
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) System Flushing
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) System Recovery, Evacuation and Charging
          • Notes
          • Refrigerant System Recovery
          • Refrigerant System Evacuation Using an R-134a Service Center
          • Refrigerant System Evacuation Using an R-134a Manifold Gauge Set
          • Refrigerant System Charging Using an R-134a Service Center
          • Refrigerant System Charging
        • Refrigerant System Filtering Following Air Conditioning (A/C) Compressor Installation
        • Refrigerant Oil Adding
          • Notes
          • Refrigerant Oil Adding
          • Refrigerant Oil Adding for New A/C Compressor Installation
          • Refrigerant Oil Adding for New Suction Accumulator or Receiver/Drier Installation
          • Oil Injection Using a Dye/Lubricant Injector
        • Refrigerant Identification Testing
          • Notes
          • Refrigerant Identification
          • Contaminated Refrigerant Handling
        • Vacuum Hose Repair - Mini-Tube
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) Odor Treatment
          • Notes
          • A/C Odor Treatment
    • HVAC System (2 Of 2)
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Air Conditioning
          • Notes
          • Refrigerant System Components (4.0L Shown)
          • A/C Compressor and Clutch Assembly
          • A/C Pressure Relief Valve
          • Condenser Core
          • Refrigerant Lines
          • Evaporator Core
          • Evaporator Core Orifice
          • Suction Accumulator
          • Refrigerant System Dye
          • A/C Cycling Switch
          • Pressure Cutoff Switch
          • Spring Lock Coupling
          • Peanut Fitting
          • Tube-O Fitting
          • Service Gauge Port Valves
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Air Conditioning
      • Removal And Installation
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) Compressor - 2.3L
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) Compressor - 3.0L
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) Compressor - 4.0L
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Clutch and Clutch Field Coil
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) Compressor Shaft Seal
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Evaporator Core
          • Removal and Installation
        • Evaporator Core Orifice
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Suction Accumulator
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Air Conditioning (A/C) Pressure Relief Valve - 3.0L
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Condenser Core - 2.3L
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Condenser Core - 3.0L and 4.0L
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Compressor Manifold and Tube Assembly - 2.3L
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Compressor Manifold and Tube Assembly - 3.0L
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Compressor Manifold and Tube Assembly - 4.0L
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Condenser to Evaporator Line
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Compressor to Condenser Discharge Line - 2.3L
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
• Maintenance
  • Maintenance Reminder Light (Reset Procedures)
    • A/C Filter Service Reminder
      • Notes
      • A/C Filter Service Reminder Reset Procedure
    • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder
      • Notes
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
        • Oil Life Reset - Base Instrument Cluster
        • Oil Life Reset - Message Center Instrument Cluster
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 04
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 05
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 06
        • Non-Hybrid
        • Hybrid
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 07
        • Owner's Manual 1
        • Owner's Manual 2
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 08
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 09
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 10
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 11
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 12
        • With Base Instrument Cluster
        • With Message Center Instrument Cluster
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 13
        • With Message Center Instrument Cluster
        • With Base Instrument Cluster
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 14
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 15
        • Base Message Center
        • Uplevel Message Center
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 16
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 17
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 18
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 19
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 20
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 21
        • Notes
        • Without Message Center
        • With Message Center
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 22
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 23
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 24
        • Path 1
        • Path 2
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 25
        • Base Cluster
        • High Series Cluster
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 26
        • Resetting The Engine Oil Change Reminder - Vehicles With: 2.3 Inch Screen/4.2 Inch Screen
        • Resetting The Engine Oil Change Reminder - Vehicles With: 8 Inch Screen
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 27
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 28
    • Maintenance Service Reminder (Overhead Warning Lights)
      • Notes
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset Procedure
    • Maintenance Service Reminder (Sri)
      • Notes
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
    • Maintenance Service Reminder (VMM)
      • Notes
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
    • Tire Pressure Monitor System Reminder
      • Notes
      • Tire Pressure Sensor Types
        • Notes
        • Banded Sensor
        • Valve Mounted Bolt-On Sensor
        • Valve Mounted Snap-In Sensor
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 04
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 05
        • Notes
        • Vehicles With Message Center
        • Vehicles Without Message Center
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 07
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 08
        • Notes
        • Performing the System Reset Procedure - Single Rear Wheel
        • Performing the System Reset Procedure - Dual Rear Wheel
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 09
        • Overview
        • Carrying Out the System Reset Procedure
        • To reset the tire pressure monitoring system for vehicles equipped with 2.3" information display, scroll to:
        • To reset the tire pressure monitoring system for vehicles equipped with 4.2" information display, scroll to:
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 10
• Restraints
  • Air Bag, SRS
    • Supplemental Inflatable Restraint System
      • Description & Operation
      • Component Locations
      • System Operation Check
      • Air Bag Safety Precautions
      • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
        • Notes
        • Disabling System
          • Notes
          • General Disabling Procedure (Seat Belt Pretensioners)
          • General Disabling Procedure (Driver- & Passenger-side AIR Bags)
          • Diagnostics Disabling Procedure (Seat Belt Pretensioners)
          • Diagnostics Disabling Procedure (Driver- & Passenger-side AIR Bags)
        • Activating System
          • General Activating Procedure (Driver- & Passenger-side AIR Bags)
          • Diagnostics Activating Procedure (Driver- & Passenger-side AIR Bags)
        • Computer Relearn (Driver- & Passenger-Side Air Bags)
        • Air Bag Simulator (Driver- & Passenger-Side Air Bags)
      • Disposal Procedures
        • Notes
        • Deployed Air Bag (Driver- & Passenger-Side Air Bags)
        • UNDEPLOYED Air Bag-Faulty Unit (Driver- & Passenger-Side Air Bags)
        • Scrapped Vehicle (Driver- & Passenger-Side Air Bags)
          • Notes
          • Remote Deployment Of AIR Bag (Driver- & Passenger-side AIR Bags)
          • Remote Deployment Of Seat Belt Pretensioners (Driver- & Passenger-side AIR Bags)
      • Post-Collision Inspection
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • CLOCKSPRING
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Driver-Side Air Bag Module
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Front Seat
          • Removal & Installation (40 Percent Front Seat)
          • Removal & Installation (60 Percent Front Seat)
        • Instrument Cluster (60 Percent Front Seat)
          • Removal & Installation
        • Passenger-Side Air Bag Module
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Passenger-Side Air Bag Deactivation (Pad) Switch
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Restraints Control Module (RCM)
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Seat Belt PRETENSIONER
          • Removal & Installation
        • Steering Wheel
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
      • Adjustments
        • CLOCKSPRING Centering
      • Torque Specifications
      • Diagnostics
        • Notes
        • Self-Diagnostics
        • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Inspection & Verification
        • Retrieving Fault Codes
        • Clearing Fault Codes
        • On-Demand Self-Test
        • Active Commands
        • PID/Data Monitor & Record
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Test A: Air Bag Warning Light On Continuously-RCM Disconnected Or Inoperative
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test B: RCM Bracket Ground Resistance High (DTC B1921)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test C: Incorrect Vehicle Identification Code (DTC C1414)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test D: Driver-Side Air Bag Circuit Short To Ground (DTC B1887)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test E: Driver-Side Air Bag Circuit Short To Battery Or Ignition (DTC B1916)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test F: Passenger-Side Air Bag Circuit Short To Ground (DTC B1888)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test G: Passenger-Side Air Bag Circuit Short To Battery Or Ignition (DTC B1925)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test H: Driver-Side Air Bag Resistance High (DTC B1932)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test I: Passenger-Side Air Bag Resistance High (DTC B1933)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test J: Driver-Side Air Bag Low Resistance (DTC B1934)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test K: Passenger-Side Air Bag Resistance Low (DTC B1935)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test L: Passenger Air Bag Deactivation (Pad) Switch Fault (DTC B1871)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test M: Passenger Air Bag Deactivation (Pad) Switch Warning Light Inoperative (DTC B1884)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test N: Passenger Air Bag Deactivation (Pad) Switch Warning Light Short To Battery (DTC B1890)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test O: Air Bag Tone Warning Indicator Circuit Short To Ground Or Open (DTC B1892)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test P: Air Bag Tone Warning Indicator Circuit Short To Battery Or Ignition (B1891)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test Q: Air Bag Warning Light Circuit Open (DTC B1869)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test R: Air Bag Warning Light Short To Battery Voltage (DTC B1870)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test S: Left PRETENSIONER Circuit Resistance Low Or High (DTC B1885/B1877)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test T: Right PRETENSIONER Circuit Resistance Low Or High (DTC B1881/B1886)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test U: Left PRETENSIONER Circuit Short To Battery (DTC B1878)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test V: Left PRETENSIONER Circuit Short To Ground (DTC B1879)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test W: Right PRETENSIONER Circuit Short To Battery Or Ignition (DTC B1882)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test X: Right PRETENSIONER Circuit Short To Ground (DTC B1883)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test Y: No Communication With RCM
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
      • Wiring Diagrams
    • Supplemental Inflatable Restraint System - Air Bag Deactivation Procedures
      • Special Care During Mechanical Repairs
      • System Operation Check
      • Service Precautions
      • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
        • Notes
        • Aviator
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
        • Crown Victoria, Grand Marquis & Marauder
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
        • ECONOLINE
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
        • Escape
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
        • Excursion & F250-550 Super Duty
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
        • Expedition & Navigator
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
        • Explorer & Mountaineer
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
        • Explorer Sport TRAC
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
        • Focus
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
        • FREESTAR & MONTEREY
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
        • F150 Pickup
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
        • F150 Heritage Pickup
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
        • LS
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
        • Mustang
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
        • Ranger
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
        • Sable & TAURUS
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
        • THUNDERBIRD
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
        • Town Car
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
      • Air Bag Simulator
      • Driver Air Bag Module
        • Notes
        • Removal & Installation (Aviator, Explorer Sport TRAC, F150 Pickup, LS, Mustang, Ranger, Sable & TAURUS, THUNDERBIRD)
        • Removal & Installation (Crown Victoria, ECONOLINE, Excursion, Expedition, Explorer, F150 Heritage Pickup, F250-550 Super Duty, Grand Marquis, Lightning, Marauder, Mountaineer, Navigator & Town Car)
        • Removal & INSTALLTION (Escape)
        • Removal & Installation (Focus)
        • Removal & Installation (FREESTAR & MONTEREY)
      • Passenger Air Bag Module
        • Notes
        • Removal & Installation (Crown Victoria, Grand Marquis & Marauder)
        • Removal & Installation (Explorer Sport TRAC & Ranger)
        • Removal & Installation (Focus)
        • Removal & Installation (Sable & TAURUS)
        • Removal & Installation (THUNDERBIRD)
        • Removal & Installation (Town Car)
      • Torque Specifications
    • Supplemental Inflatable Restraint System -- Air Bag/SRS Component Inspection & Replacement Tables
      • Ford Motor Co. (1988-04)
  • Restraints Control Systems
    • Safety Belt System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Safety Belt System
          • Notes
          • Dual Locking Mode Retractors
          • Safety Belt Buckle and Pretensioner Assembly-Front
          • Safety Belt Extension Assembly
          • Attaching Safety Seats with Tether Straps
          • Child Safety Seat Tether Anchor
          • Lower Anchors and Tethers for Children (LATCH)
          • Warning System - Driver Safety Belt
          • Safety Belt Warning Indicator and Chime
          • Belt Minder (if equipped)
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Safety Belt System
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Component Test
            • Notes
            • Functional Test I (Buckle and Tongue)
            • Functional Test II (Retractor)
            • Functional Test III (System Road Test Inspection)
            • Functional Test IV (Automatic Locking Retractor)
      • General Procedures
        • Safety Belt Cleaning
        • Safety Belt Without Anchor Plate Thread Damage
          • Replacement of the Weld Nut or Reinforcement
        • Safety Belt With Anchor Plate Thread Damage
        • Safety Belt Shoulder Height Adjuster With Stripped Weld Nuts
        • Safety Belt Procedure After a Collision
        • Safety Belt Tongue Rotated on Belt
        • Automatic Locking Retractor - Evaluation of Lockability and Release
      • Removal And Installation
        • Front Safety Belt Retractor
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Retractor - Front Seat, Four-Door, SuperCab
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Retractor - Center Facing Rear Seat
          • Notes
          • Installation
        • Retractor - Rear Seat, Four-Door, SuperCab
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Height Adjuster
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Height Adjuster - Four-Door, SuperCab
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Safety Belt Buckle and Pretensioner - 60 Percent Bench
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Safety Belt Buckle and Pretensioner - Bucket and 40 Percent Bench
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Safety Belt Buckle - Center Facing Rear Seat
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Safety Belt Buckle - Rear Seat, Four -Door, SuperCab
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • Supplemental Inflatable Restraint System - Air Bag Deactivation Procedures
      • Special Care During Mechanical Repairs
      • System Operation Check
      • Service Precautions
      • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
        • Notes
        • Aviator
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
        • Crown Victoria, Grand Marquis & Marauder
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
        • ECONOLINE
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
        • Escape
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
        • Excursion & F250-550 Super Duty
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
        • Expedition & Navigator
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
        • Explorer & Mountaineer
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
        • Explorer Sport TRAC
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
        • Focus
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
        • FREESTAR & MONTEREY
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
        • F150 Pickup
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
        • F150 Heritage Pickup
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
        • LS
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
        • Mustang
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
        • Ranger
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
        • Sable & TAURUS
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
        • THUNDERBIRD
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
        • Town Car
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
      • Air Bag Simulator
      • Driver Air Bag Module
        • Notes
        • Removal & Installation (Aviator, Explorer Sport TRAC, F150 Pickup, LS, Mustang, Ranger, Sable & TAURUS, THUNDERBIRD)
        • Removal & Installation (Crown Victoria, ECONOLINE, Excursion, Expedition, Explorer, F150 Heritage Pickup, F250-550 Super Duty, Grand Marquis, Lightning, Marauder, Mountaineer, Navigator & Town Car)
        • Removal & INSTALLTION (Escape)
        • Removal & Installation (Focus)
        • Removal & Installation (FREESTAR & MONTEREY)
      • Passenger Air Bag Module
        • Notes
        • Removal & Installation (Crown Victoria, Grand Marquis & Marauder)
        • Removal & Installation (Explorer Sport TRAC & Ranger)
        • Removal & Installation (Focus)
        • Removal & Installation (Sable & TAURUS)
        • Removal & Installation (THUNDERBIRD)
        • Removal & Installation (Town Car)
      • Torque Specifications
    • Supplemental Inflatable Restraint System -- Air Bag/SRS Component Inspection & Replacement Tables
      • Ford Motor Co. (1988-04)
  • Seat Belts
    • Safety Belt System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Safety Belt System
          • Notes
          • Dual Locking Mode Retractors
          • Safety Belt Buckle and Pretensioner Assembly-Front
          • Safety Belt Extension Assembly
          • Attaching Safety Seats with Tether Straps
          • Child Safety Seat Tether Anchor
          • Lower Anchors and Tethers for Children (LATCH)
          • Warning System - Driver Safety Belt
          • Safety Belt Warning Indicator and Chime
          • Belt Minder (if equipped)
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Safety Belt System
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Component Test
            • Notes
            • Functional Test I (Buckle and Tongue)
            • Functional Test II (Retractor)
            • Functional Test III (System Road Test Inspection)
            • Functional Test IV (Automatic Locking Retractor)
      • General Procedures
        • Safety Belt Cleaning
        • Safety Belt Without Anchor Plate Thread Damage
          • Replacement of the Weld Nut or Reinforcement
        • Safety Belt With Anchor Plate Thread Damage
        • Safety Belt Shoulder Height Adjuster With Stripped Weld Nuts
        • Safety Belt Procedure After a Collision
        • Safety Belt Tongue Rotated on Belt
        • Automatic Locking Retractor - Evaluation of Lockability and Release
      • Removal And Installation
        • Front Safety Belt Retractor
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Retractor - Front Seat, Four-Door, SuperCab
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Retractor - Center Facing Rear Seat
          • Notes
          • Installation
        • Retractor - Rear Seat, Four-Door, SuperCab
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Height Adjuster
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Height Adjuster - Four-Door, SuperCab
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Safety Belt Buckle and Pretensioner - 60 Percent Bench
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Safety Belt Buckle and Pretensioner - Bucket and 40 Percent Bench
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Safety Belt Buckle - Center Facing Rear Seat
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Safety Belt Buckle - Rear Seat, Four -Door, SuperCab
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • Supplemental Inflatable Restraint System - Air Bag Deactivation Procedures
      • Special Care During Mechanical Repairs
      • System Operation Check
      • Service Precautions
      • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
        • Notes
        • Aviator
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
        • Crown Victoria, Grand Marquis & Marauder
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
        • ECONOLINE
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
        • Escape
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
        • Excursion & F250-550 Super Duty
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
        • Expedition & Navigator
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
        • Explorer & Mountaineer
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
        • Explorer Sport TRAC
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
        • Focus
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
        • FREESTAR & MONTEREY
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
        • F150 Pickup
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
        • F150 Heritage Pickup
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
        • LS
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
        • Mustang
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
        • Ranger
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
        • Sable & TAURUS
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
        • THUNDERBIRD
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
        • Town Car
          • Disabling System
          • Activating System
      • Air Bag Simulator
      • Driver Air Bag Module
        • Notes
        • Removal & Installation (Aviator, Explorer Sport TRAC, F150 Pickup, LS, Mustang, Ranger, Sable & TAURUS, THUNDERBIRD)
        • Removal & Installation (Crown Victoria, ECONOLINE, Excursion, Expedition, Explorer, F150 Heritage Pickup, F250-550 Super Duty, Grand Marquis, Lightning, Marauder, Mountaineer, Navigator & Town Car)
        • Removal & INSTALLTION (Escape)
        • Removal & Installation (Focus)
        • Removal & Installation (FREESTAR & MONTEREY)
      • Passenger Air Bag Module
        • Notes
        • Removal & Installation (Crown Victoria, Grand Marquis & Marauder)
        • Removal & Installation (Explorer Sport TRAC & Ranger)
        • Removal & Installation (Focus)
        • Removal & Installation (Sable & TAURUS)
        • Removal & Installation (THUNDERBIRD)
        • Removal & Installation (Town Car)
      • Torque Specifications
    • Supplemental Inflatable Restraint System -- Air Bag/SRS Component Inspection & Replacement Tables
      • Ford Motor Co. (1988-04)
• Steering
  • Manual Steering
    • Power Steering System
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Power Steering
          • System View - Typical
          • Steering Gear Mounting - 4x2/4x4
          • Steering Gear
          • Power Steering Pump
            • CII Shown
          • Steering Gear Identification
          • Pump Identification
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Power Steering
      • Removal And Installation
        • Power Steering Fluid Reservoir - CIII Pump
          • Removal and Installation
        • Pump - CII
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Pump - CIII 2.3L
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Pump - CIII 4.0L
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Power Steering Pump Pulley - 2.3L and 3.0L
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Pulley - Pump, 4.0L
          • Removal and Installation
        • Hose
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Inner Tie Rod
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Cooler - Fluid
          • Removal and Installation
        • Gear - Coil Spring Suspension
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Gear - Torsion Bar Suspension
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • Steering System-General Information
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Steering System
          • Notes
          • Steering System Components
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Steering System
          • Notes
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Steering System Symptom Definitions
            • Drift/Pull
            • Excessive Steering Wheel Play
            • Feedback
            • Hard Steering or Lack of Assist
            • Nibble
            • Poor Returnability/Sticky Steering
            • Shimmy
            • Wander
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Steering System Noise
            • Pinpoint Test B: Steering Is Very Difficult/Very Easy
            • Pinpoint Test C: Excessive Steering Wheel Play
            • Pinpoint Test D: Steering System Drift/Pull/Wander
          • Component Tests
            • Steering Linkage
          • Turning Effort Test
          • Pump Flow and Pressure Test
          • Tie-Rod Articulation Torque
          • Steering Gear Valve
      • General Procedures
        • Power Steering System Flushing
        • Power Steering System Purging
        • Power Steering System Filling
  • Power Steering
    • Power Steering System
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Power Steering
          • System View - Typical
          • Steering Gear Mounting - 4x2/4x4
          • Steering Gear
          • Power Steering Pump
            • CII Shown
          • Steering Gear Identification
          • Pump Identification
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Power Steering
      • Removal And Installation
        • Power Steering Fluid Reservoir - CIII Pump
          • Removal and Installation
        • Pump - CII
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Pump - CIII 2.3L
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Pump - CIII 4.0L
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Power Steering Pump Pulley - 2.3L and 3.0L
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Pulley - Pump, 4.0L
          • Removal and Installation
        • Hose
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Inner Tie Rod
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Cooler - Fluid
          • Removal and Installation
        • Gear - Coil Spring Suspension
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Gear - Torsion Bar Suspension
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • Steering System-General Information
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Steering System
          • Notes
          • Steering System Components
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Steering System
          • Notes
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Steering System Symptom Definitions
            • Drift/Pull
            • Excessive Steering Wheel Play
            • Feedback
            • Hard Steering or Lack of Assist
            • Nibble
            • Poor Returnability/Sticky Steering
            • Shimmy
            • Wander
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Steering System Noise
            • Pinpoint Test B: Steering Is Very Difficult/Very Easy
            • Pinpoint Test C: Excessive Steering Wheel Play
            • Pinpoint Test D: Steering System Drift/Pull/Wander
          • Component Tests
            • Steering Linkage
          • Turning Effort Test
          • Pump Flow and Pressure Test
          • Tie-Rod Articulation Torque
          • Steering Gear Valve
      • General Procedures
        • Power Steering System Flushing
        • Power Steering System Purging
        • Power Steering System Filling
  • Steering Column
    • Steering Column
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Steering Column
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Steering Column
      • Removal And Installation
        • Ignition Switch Lock Cylinder - Functional Lock Cylinder
          • Removal and Installation
        • Ignition Switch Lock Cylinder - Non-Functional Lock Cylinder
          • Removal and Installation
        • Wheel
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Clockspring
          • Removal and Installation
        • Steering Column
          • Removal and Installation
        • Steering Column Shaft
          • Removal and Installation
      • Disassembly And Assembly
        • Steering Column - Manual Transmission
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Steering Column - Automated Equipment
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
    • Steering System-General Information
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Steering System
          • Notes
          • Steering System Components
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Steering System
          • Notes
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Steering System Symptom Definitions
            • Drift/Pull
            • Excessive Steering Wheel Play
            • Feedback
            • Hard Steering or Lack of Assist
            • Nibble
            • Poor Returnability/Sticky Steering
            • Shimmy
            • Wander
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Steering System Noise
            • Pinpoint Test B: Steering Is Very Difficult/Very Easy
            • Pinpoint Test C: Excessive Steering Wheel Play
            • Pinpoint Test D: Steering System Drift/Pull/Wander
          • Component Tests
            • Steering Linkage
          • Turning Effort Test
          • Pump Flow and Pressure Test
          • Tie-Rod Articulation Torque
          • Steering Gear Valve
      • General Procedures
        • Power Steering System Flushing
        • Power Steering System Purging
        • Power Steering System Filling
• Suspension
  • Front Suspension
    • Front Suspension - 2WD
      • Description
      • Adjustments & Inspection
        • Ball Joint Checking
          • Lower & Upper Ball Joint
        • Ride Height
        • Wheel Alignment
        • Wheel Bearing Adjustment
      • Removal & Installation
        • Coil Spring
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Hub/Rotor & Wheel Bearings
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Lower Control Arm - Coil Spring Suspension
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Lower Control Arm - Torsion Bar Suspension
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shock Absorber
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Spindle
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Stabilizer Bar
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Torsion Bar
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Upper Control Arm, Ball Joint & Bushings
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Torque Specifications
    • Suspension System-General Information
      • Specifications
        • Alignment Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Wheel Alignment Angles
          • Notes
          • Camber
          • Caster
          • Toe
            • Positive Toe (Toe In)
            • Negative Toe (Toe Out)
          • Ride Height
            • Front Ride Height Measurement
            • Rear Ride Height Measurement - 4x2
            • Rear Ride Height Measurement - 4x4
          • Wheel Track
          • Dogtracking
          • Wander
          • Shimmy
          • Nibble
          • Poor Returnability/Sticky Steering
          • Drift/Pull
          • Poor Groove Feel
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Suspension System
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Component Tests
            • Ball Joint Inspection
      • General Procedures
        • Camber and Caster Adjustment
        • Toe Adjustment
  • Rear Suspension
    • Rear Suspension
      • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
      • Removal And Installation
        • Wheel Studs
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shock Absorber
          • Removal & Installation
        • Bar and Link
          • Removal & Installation
        • Spring
          • Removal and Installation
    • Suspension System-General Information
      • Specifications
        • Alignment Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Wheel Alignment Angles
          • Notes
          • Camber
          • Caster
          • Toe
            • Positive Toe (Toe In)
            • Negative Toe (Toe Out)
          • Ride Height
            • Front Ride Height Measurement
            • Rear Ride Height Measurement - 4x2
            • Rear Ride Height Measurement - 4x4
          • Wheel Track
          • Dogtracking
          • Wander
          • Shimmy
          • Nibble
          • Poor Returnability/Sticky Steering
          • Drift/Pull
          • Poor Groove Feel
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Suspension System
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Component Tests
            • Ball Joint Inspection
      • General Procedures
        • Camber and Caster Adjustment
        • Toe Adjustment
  • Wheels & Tire System
    • Suspension System-General Information
      • Specifications
        • Alignment Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Wheel Alignment Angles
          • Notes
          • Camber
          • Caster
          • Toe
            • Positive Toe (Toe In)
            • Negative Toe (Toe Out)
          • Ride Height
            • Front Ride Height Measurement
            • Rear Ride Height Measurement - 4x2
            • Rear Ride Height Measurement - 4x4
          • Wheel Track
          • Dogtracking
          • Wander
          • Shimmy
          • Nibble
          • Poor Returnability/Sticky Steering
          • Drift/Pull
          • Poor Groove Feel
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Suspension System
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Component Tests
            • Ball Joint Inspection
      • General Procedures
        • Camber and Caster Adjustment
        • Toe Adjustment
    • Wheels & Tires
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Safety Precautions
        • Wheels And Tires
          • Notes
          • Tire, Temporary Spare
            • Notes
            • Tire and Wheel Runout
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Wheels And Tires
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Road Test
          • Symptom Chart
      • General Procedures
        • Wheel Leaks
      • Removal And Installation
        • Wheel and Tire
          • Removal
          • Installation
• Transmission
  • Clutch
    • Clutch Controls System
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Clutch Controls
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Clutch Controls
      • Removal And Installation
        • Clutch Pedal
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Clutch Master Cylinder/Reservoir
          • Notes
          • Removal and Installation
        • Slave Cylinder
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • Clutch System
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Clutch
          • Notes
          • Clutch System Components
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Clutch
      • Removal And Installation
        • Disc and Pressure Plate
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Flywheel
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Bearing
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Ring Gear
          • Removal
          • Installation
  • Manual Trans
    • Manual Transmission
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Manual Transmission
          • Notes
          • Transmission Identification
          • Lubrication
          • Exploded Views
            • Transmission Internal Components - Disassembled View
          • Transmission Internal Components - Disassembled View
          • Transmission Shift Components - Disassembled View
          • Powerflow in Neutral
          • Powerflow in 1st Gear
          • Powerflow in 2nd Gear
          • Powerflow in 3rd Gear
          • Powerflow in 4th Gear
          • Powerflow in 5th Gear
          • Powerflow in Reverse Gear
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Manual Transmission
      • General Procedures
        • Transmission Draining and Filling
      • In-Vehicle Repair
        • Extension Housing
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shift Lever and Boot
          • Removal and Installation
      • Removal
        • Transmission - 4x2
        • Transmission - 4x4
      • Disassembly
        • Transmission
      • Disassembly And Assembly Of Subassemblies
        • Shift Control Housing
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Input Shaft Bearing
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Output Shaft and Bearing
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Reverse Idler Gear
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Synchronizers
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
      • Assembly
        • Transmission
          • Notes
          • Assembly
      • Installation
        • Transmission
    • Manual Transmission, Clutch & Transfer Case - General Information
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Manual Transmission and Clutch
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Manual Transmission and Clutch
          • Notes
          • Inspection and Verification
          • Noise Evaluation
          • Additional Testing for 4x4 Trucks
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Clutch Slippage
            • Pinpoint Test B: Clutch Chatter Or Shudder
            • Pinpoint Test C: Clutch Hydraulic System Check
            • Pinpoint Test D: Clutch Drag
            • Pinpoint Test E: Clutch Pedal Pulsation
            • Pinpoint Test F: Clutch Related Vibrations
            • Pinpoint Test G: Binding - Difficult Shift Lever Movement
            • Pinpoint Test H: Excessive Noise
      • General Procedures
        • Disc Check
        • Pressure Plate Check
        • Flywheel Check
        • Flywheel Runout Check
        • Bearing
        • Clutch System Bleeding
      • Removal And Installation
        • Dowels, Flywheel
          • Removal and Installation
        • Dowels, Flywheel Housing to Block
          • Removal and Installation
• External Pages