Repair and Diagnosis (Single Page)

You are viewing the full "tree" of links on one page. This can load slowly, but is easier to search. The same page can appear multiple times under a different folder, that is why the page is so large.
View "split tree" where inner folders are split out. where inner links are on separate pages.

Expand All (for easy ctrl-f) Collapse All

• Quick Lookups
  • Common Specs & Procedures
    • Specifications Index
  • DTC Index
    • A/C-Heater Systems DTCS
    • Air Bag Restraint Systems DTCS
    • Anti-Lock Brakes DTCS
    • Anti-Theft Systems DTCS
    • Automatic Transmission Electronic Controls Diagnosis DTCS
    • Electric Cooling Fans DTCS
    • Evaporative Emissions DTCS
    • Instrument Panels DTCS
      • Instrument Panels (Generic Electronic Module)
      • Instrument Panel (4-Wheel Drive Control Module)
    • Power Door Locks & Remote Keyless Entry Systems DTCS
    • Power Windows DTCS
    • Self-Diagnostics DTCS
    • Steering Column Switches DTCS
    • Wiper/Washer Systems DTCS
  • Electrical Component Locations
    • Diagnostic Connector (DLC) Locations
      • Domestic Cars
        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
      • Domestic Light Trucks & Vans
        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
      • Imported Cars & Trucks
        • ACURA
        • AUDI
        • BENTLEY
        • BMW
        • DAIHATSU
        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
        • FERRARI
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
        • HONDA
        • HYUNDAI
        • INFINITI
        • ISUZU
        • Jaguar
        • KIA
        • Land Rover
        • LEXUS
        • MAZDA
        • MERCEDES-BENZ
        • MITSUBISHI
        • NISSAN
        • PEUGEOT
        • PORSCHE
        • RENAULT
        • Rolls-ROYCE
        • SAAB
        • SUBARU
        • SUZUKI
        • TOYOTA
        • VOLKSWAGEN
        • VOLVO
    • Electrical Component Locator
      • Buzzers, Relays & Timers
      • Circuit Protection Devices
      • Control Units
      • Motors
      • Sending Units & Sensors
      • Solenoids & Solenoid Valves
      • Switches
      • Miscellaneous
      • Connectors
      • Grounds
      • Splices
      • Component Location Graphics
  • Fluids
  • Technical Bulletins
    • Campaigns
    • Safety Recalls
    • Technical Service Bulletins
  • Tire Fitment
  • Wiring Diagrams
    • OEM Connector End Views
      • Connector End Views
        • A/C Clutch Solenoid Connector End View (C100)
        • Crankshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C101)
        • Generator Connector End View (C102a)
        • Generator Connector End View (C102b)
        • Generator Connector End View (C102c)
        • Oil Pressure Switch Connector End View (C103)
        • Cylinder... Head Temperature Sensor Connector End View (C107)
        • Knock Sensor Connector End View (C108)
        • Knock Sensor Connector End View (C109)
        • Inline Connector end view (C110)
        • Speed Control Servo Connector End View (C122)
        • Brake Fluid Level Switch Connector End View (C124)
        • Windshield Wiper Motor Connector End View (C125)
        • Mass Air Flow (Maf) Sensor Connector End View (C128)
        • Horn Connector End View (C131)
        • ABS Control Module Connector End View (C135)
        • Windshield Washer Pump Motor Connector End View (C137)
        • Inline Connector end view (C139)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #12 Connector End View (C142)
        • Inline Connector end view (C144)
        • Inline Connector end view (C146)
        • Wheel Speed Sensor, Left Front Connector End View (C150)
        • Fog Lamp, Left Front Connector End View (C152)
        • Wheel Speed Sensor, Right Front Connector End View (C160)
        • Fog Lamp, Right Front Connector End View (C162)
        • Intermediate Shaft Speed (ISS) Sensor Connector End View (C164)
        • Digital Transmission Range (DTR) Sensor Connector End View (C167)
        • 5R44E Transmission Connector End View (C168)
        • Reversing Lamps Switch Connector End View (C169)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #11 Connector End View (C171)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #21 Connector End View (C172)
        • Ignition Transformer Capacitor 1 Connector End View (C174)
        • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector End View (C175)
        • Camshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C180)
        • Fuel Injector 1 Connector End View (C181)
        • Fuel Injector 2 Connector End View (C182)
        • Fuel Injector Connector End View (C183)
        • Fuel Injector 4 Connector End View (C184)
        • Fuel Injector 5 Connector End View (C185)
        • Fuel Injector 6 Connector End View (C186)
        • Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) Connector End View (C189)
        • Output Shaft Speed (OSS) Sensor Connector End View (C193)
        • Starter Motor Connector End View (C197a)
        • Starter Motor Connector End View (C197b)
        • 5R55E Transmission Connector End View (C199)
        • Multifunction Switch Connector End View (C202a)
        • Multifunction Switch Connector End View (C202b)
        • Main Light Switch Connector End View (C205)
        • Instrument Panel Dimming Module Connector End View (C206)
        • Inline Connector end view (C210)
        • Inline Connector end view (C211)
        • Inline Connector end view (C212)
        • Inline Connector end view (C213)
        • Inline Connector end view (C214)
        • Inline Connector end view (C215)
        • Air Bag Sliding Contact Connector End View (C218a)
        • Air Bag Sliding Contact Connector End View (C218b)
        • Inline Connector end view (C219)
        • Instrument Cluster Connector End View (C220a)
        • Instrument Cluster Connector End View (C220b)
        • Instrument Cluster Connector End View (C220c)
        • Fog Lamp Switch Connector End View (C240)
        • Ignition Switch Connector End View (C250)
        • Data Link Connector (DLC) Connector End View (C251)
        • Glove Box Lamp Connector End View (C254)
        • Passenger Air Bag Module Connector End View (C256)
        • Clutch Pedal Position Switch Connector End View (C257)
        • Central Security Module Connector End View (C274a)
        • Central Security Module Connector End View (C274b)
        • Brake Pedal Position Switch Connector End View (C278)
        • Transmission Control Switch Connector End View (C279)
        • Four... Wheel Drive Control Module Connector End View (C281a)
        • Four... Wheel Drive Control Module Connector End View (C281b)
        • Inertia Fuel Shutoff (IFS) Switch Connector End View (C282)
        • Four... Wheel Drive Switch Connector End View (284)
        • Audio Unit Connector End View (C290a)
        • Audio Unit Connector End View (C290b)
        • Audio Unit Connector End View (C290c)
        • Function Selector Switch Assembly Front Connector End View (C294a)
        • Function Selector Switch Assembly Front Connector End View (C294b)
        • Inline Connector end view (C300)
        • Passenger Safety Belt Retractor Pretensioner Connector End View (C303)
        • Safety Belt Buckle Switch Connector End View (C323)
        • Inline Connector end view (C340)
        • Gearmotor Encoder Assembly Connector End View (C350)
        • Park/Stop/Turn Lamp, Left Rear Connector End View (C412)
        • Park/Stop/Turn Lamp, Right Rear Connector End View (C415)
        • Inline Connector end view (C421)
        • Fuel Tank Pressure Transducer Sensor Connector End View (C435)
        • Trailer Tow Connector End View (C439)
        • Evaporative Emission (EVAP) Canister Vent Valve Connector End View (C450)
        • Reversing Lamp, For Connector End View (C451)
        • License Plate Lamp, Left Connector End View (C454)
        • Rear Axle Speed Sensor Connector End View (C455)
        • Reversing Lamp, Right Connector End View (C461)
        • License Plate Lamp, Right Connector End View (464)
        • Master Window Adjust Switch Connector End View (C504)
        • Door Lock Switch, Driver Side Connector End View (C505)
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror, Left Connector End View (C522)
        • Speaker, Left Front Connector End View (C523)
        • Power Window Motor, Driver Side Front Connector End View (C524)
        • Door Lock Actuator, Left Front Connector End View (C525)
        • Door Ajar Switch, Left Front Connector End View (C526)
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror Switch Connector End View (C527)
        • Door Ajar Switch Right Front Connector End View (C602)
        • Door Lock Actuator, Right Front Connector End View (C603)
        • Window Adjust Switch, Passenger Side Connector End View (C604)
        • Door Lock Switch, Passenger Side Connector End View (C605)
        • Power Window Motor, Passenger Side Front Connector End View (C608)
        • Speaker, Right Front Connector End View (C612)
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror, Right Connector End View (C622)
        • Speaker, Left Rear Connector End View (C702)
        • Inline Connector end view (C710)
        • Door Ajar Switch, Driver Side Rear Connector End View (C715)
        • Speaker, Right Rear Connector End View (C802)
        • Inline Connector end view (C810)
        • Door Ajar Switch, Passenger Side Rear Connector End View (C820)
        • Cargo Lamp Assembly Connector End View (C927)
        • Interior/Map Lamps Assembly, Front Connector End View (C931a)
        • Interior/Map Lamps Assembly, Front Connector End View (C931b)
        • Wiper High/Low Relay Connector End View (C1001)
        • Wiper Run/Park Relay Connector End View (C1002)
        • Windshield Washer Relay Connector End View (C1004)
        • Fog Lamp Relay Connector End View (C1007)
        • A/C Clutch Relay Connector End View (C1008)
        • Blower Motor Relay Connector End View (C1011)
        • PCM Power Relay Connector End View (C1016)
        • Starter Relay Connector End View (C1017)
        • PCM Power Diode Connector End View (C1018)
        • Headlamp, Left Connector End View (C1021)
        • Park/Turn Lamp, Left Front Connector End View (C1023)
        • Deactivator Switch Connector End View (C1025)
        • EVAP Canister Purge Valve Connector End View (C1029)
        • Daytime Running Lamps (DRL) Module Connector End View (C1030)
        • Heater Blower Motor Connector End View (C1031)
        • Heater Blower Motor Resistor, Front Connector End View (C1032)
        • Battery Junction Box (CJB) Connector End View (C1035)
        • Fog Lamp Isolation Relay Connector End View (C1038)
        • Headlamp, Right Connector End View (C1041)
        • Park/Turn Lamp, Right Front Connector End View (C1043)
        • Engine Cooling Fan Motor Connector End View (C1048)
        • Fuel Pump Relay Connector End View (C1051)
        • Engine Cooling Fan Relay Connector End View (C1055)
        • Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sender Connector End View (C1061)
        • Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor Connector End View (C1064)
        • Ignition Coil Connector End View (C1065)
        • Idle Air Control Valve (IAC) Connector End View (C1066)
        • Differential Pressure Feedback EGR (DPFE) Sensor Connector End View (C1068)
        • EGR Vacuum Regulator Solenoid Connector End View (C1072)
        • A/C High Pressure Switch Connector End View (C1078)
        • A/C Compressor Cycling Switch Connector End View (C1081)
        • Manifold Absolute Pressure (Map) Sensor Connector End View (C1087)
        • Battery Connector End View (C1100a)
        • Battery Connector End View (C1100b)
        • Output Shaft Speed (OSS) Sensor Connector End View (C1107)
        • Crankshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C1120)
        • Power Steering Pressure Switch Connector End View (C1121)
        • Side Lamp, Right Front Connector End View (C1126)
        • Side Lamp, Left Front Connector End View (C1127)
        • Ignition Coil Connector End View (C1134)
        • Ignition Coil Connector End View (C1136)
        • EGR Stepper Motor Connector End View (C1160)
        • Swirl Control Monitor Connector End View (C1161)
        • Electronic Thermostat Connector End View (C1162)
        • Swirl Control Solenoid Valve Connector End View (C1163)
        • Camshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C1180)
        • Fuel Injector 1 Connector End View (C1181)
        • Fuel Injector 2 Connector End View (C1182)
        • Fuel Injector 3 Connector End View (C1183)
        • Fuel Injector 4 Connector End View (C1184)
        • Fuel Injector 5 Connector End View (C1185)
        • Fuel Injector 6 Connector End View (C1186)
        • Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) Connector End View (C1189)
        • Trailer Tow Relay Connector End View (C1194)
        • Brake Shift Interlock Connector End View (C2008)
        • Parking Brake Switch Connector End View (C2015)
        • Interior Lamp Relay Connector End View (C2022)
        • Cigar Lighter, Front Connector End View (C2031a)
        • Cigar Lighter, Front Connector End View (C2031b)
        • Power Point Connector End View (C2033)
        • Restraints Control Module Connector End View (C2041)
        • Indicator Flasher Relay Connector End View (C2047)
        • Battery Saver Relay Connector End View (C2048)
        • One... Touch Window Relay Connector End View (C2051)
        • Window Safety Relay Connector End View (C2058)
        • Horn Relay Connector End View (C2077)
        • Passive Anti Theft Transceiver Connector End View (C2097)
        • Passenger Air Bag Deactivation (Pad) Switch Connector End View (C2099)
        • Generic Electronic Module (GEM) Connector End View (C2100a)
        • Generic Electronic Module (GEM) Connector End View (C2100b)
        • Inline Connector end view (C2101)
        • Inline Connector end view (C2102)
        • Clutch Triple Function Switch Jumper Connector End View (C2103)
        • Inline Connector end view (C2104)
        • Driver Safety Belt Retractor Pretensioner Connector End View (C3014)
        • Subwoofer Connector End View (C3020)
        • Subwoofer Amplifier Connector End View (C3041a)
        • Subwoofer Amplifier Connector End View (C3041b)
        • Subwoofer Amplifier Connector End View (C3041c)
        • 4X4 Mode Switch Connector End View (C3061)
        • Fuel Tank Unit Connector End View (C4033)
        • Fuel Tank Unit Connector End View (C4074)
    • System Wiring Diagrams
      • Using lemon2025'S Wiring Diagrams
      • Air Conditioning
      • Anti-Lock Brakes
      • Anti-Theft
      • Body Control Modules
      • Computer Data Lines
      • Cooling Fan
        • 2.3L
      • Cruise Control
      • Engine Performance
        • 2.3L
        • 3.0L
        • 4.0L
      • Exterior Lights
      • Ground Distribution
      • Headlights
      • Horn
      • Instrument Cluster
      • Interior Lights
      • Power Distribution
      • Power Door Locks
      • Power Mirrors
      • Power Windows
      • Radio
      • Shift Interlock
      • Starting/Charging
      • Supplemental Restraints
      • Transmission
        • Notes
        • 2.3L
        • 3.0L
        • 4.0L
      • Warning Systems
      • Wiper/Washer
    • Using lemon2025'S System Wiring Diagrams
      • Introduction
      • Wiring Diagram Features And Controls
      • Wiring Diagram Color Abbreviations
      • Wiring Diagram Symbols
      • Wiring Diagram Ground Number Locations
      • Wiring Diagram Component Locations
• Accessories & Equipment
  • Anti-Theft Systems
    • Anti-Theft System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Anti-Theft - Passive Anti-Theft System (Pats)
      • Diagnosis & Testing
        • Anti-Theft - Passive Anti-Theft System (Pats)
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Passive Anti-Theft System (Pats) - Principles Of Operation
        • Passive Anti-Theft System (Pats) - Inspection & Verification
        • Passive Anti-Theft System (Pats) - Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTC) Index
        • Passive Anti-Theft System (Pats) - Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTC) Descriptions
          • Expanded DTC Descriptions
        • Passive Anti-Theft System (Pats) - Symptom Chart
          • Symptom Chart
        • Passive Anti-Theft System (Pats) - Pinpoint Tests
          • Pinpoint Test A: No Antenna Detected
          • Pinpoint Test B: Pats Ignition Key Transponder Signal Is Not Received
          • Pinpoint Test C: Pats Received Incorrect Key-Code From Ignition Key Transponder
          • Pinpoint Test D: PATS Received Invalid Format Of Key-Code From Ignition Key Transponder
          • Pinpoint Test E: PATS Transceiver Module Signal Is Not Received
          • Pinpoint Test F: Anti-Theft Number Of Programmed Keys Is Below Minimum
          • Pinpoint Test G: The Anti-Theft Indicator Is Always/Never On
          • Pinpoint Test H: The Vehicle Does Not Start
      • General Procedures
        • Key Programming Using Two Programmed Keys
        • Key Programming Using Diagnostic Equipment
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Key Programming Switch State Control
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Disabling Unlimited Key Mode
        • Spare Key Programming
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Anti-Theft Security Access
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Passive Anti-Theft System (Pats) Transceiver
          • Removal
    • Handles, Locks, Latches And Entry Systems
      • Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Handles, Locks, Latches And Entry Systems
          • Notes
          • Keyless Entry
          • Power Unlock Inhibit
          • Deactivating/Activating Power Door Unlock Switch Inhibit
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Locks, Latches And Entry Systems - Module Controlled
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Power Door Locks
            • Keyless Entry
          • Inspection And Verification
          • Central Security Module Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: All Door Locks Are Inoperative From One Switch
            • Pinpoint Test B: All Door Locks Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test C: A Single Door Lock Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Doors Do Not Lock/Unlock Using The Remote Transmitter
            • Pinpoint Test E: Remote Keyless Entry Transmitter Out Of Synchronization
            • Pinpoint Test F: Panic Feature Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
      • General Procedures
        • Latch Adjustment - Hood
        • Remote Transmitter Programming
      • Removal And Installation
        • Hood Latch
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Front Door Latch
          • Removal And Installation
        • Rear Door Latch - Upper
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Rear Door Latch - Lower
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Tailgate Latch
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Hood Latch Release Handle
          • Removal And Installation
        • Exterior Front Door Handle
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal And Installation
        • Exterior Rear Door Handle
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal And Installation
        • Interior Door Handle
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal And Installation
        • Tailgate Release Handle
          • Removal And Installation
        • Door Lock Cylinder
          • Removal And Installation
        • Tailgate Latch Remote Control
          • Removal
        • Door Ajar Switch
          • Removal And Installation
        • Door Ajar Switch - Four-Door, SUPERCAB
          • Removal And Installation
        • Door Lock Actuator
          • Removal And Installation
    • Remote Keyless Entry System [Transmitter Programming Procedures]
      • Programming Methods & Transmitter Types
        • Programming Method And Transmitter Type Application
        • Transmitter Type Identification
        • Programming Methods
          • Programming Method A
          • Programming Method D
          • Programming Method I
          • Programming Method K
          • Programming Method L
          • Programming Method M
          • Programming Method N
          • Programming Method O
      • Helpful Hints
        • Remote Entry Programming Procedure
        • Poor Operating Range Performance
        • Miscellaneous
  • Communication Devices
    • Module Communications Network System
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Communications Network
      • Diagnosis & Testing
        • Communications Network
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection & Verification
          • System Precheck
            • Pinpoint Test PC: Data Link Diagnostics Test
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The 4-Wheel Anti-Lock Brake (4WABS) Control Module Does Not Respond To The Diagnostic Tool
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Generic Electronic Module (GEM) Does Not Respond To The Diagnostic Tool
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Restraint Control Module (RCM) Does Not Respond To The Diagnostic Tool
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Central Security Module Does Not Respond To The Diagnostic Tool
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Does Not Respond To The Diagnostic Tool
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Four Wheel Drive (4WD) Control Module Does Not Respond To The Diagnostic Tool
            • Pinpoint Test G: No Module / Network Communication - ISO 9141 Network
            • Pinpoint Test H: No Module / Network Communication - SCP Link
            • Pinpoint Test I: No Module / Network Communication - No Power To The Diagnostic Tool
      • General Procedures
        • Communication Circuit Wiring Repair
    • Module Configuration System
      • Diagnosis & Testing
        • Module Configuration
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles Of Operation
            • Definition Of Terms
            • Programmable Module Installation (PMI)
            • Calibration Update
            • Programmable Parameters
            • Vehicle Identification (VID) Block
            • As-Built Data Center
          • Inspection & Verification
            • Notes
            • Configurable Modules
            • Programmable Parameters Index
      • General Procedures
        • Programmable Module Installation
          • Using The New Generation STAR (NGS) Tester When The Original Body Chassis Electrical Module Is Not Available
            • Notes
            • Step A
            • Step B
          • Using The New Generation STAR (NGS) Tester When The Original Body Chassis Electrical Module Is Available
          • Using The Worldwide Diagnostic System (WDS) When The Original Body Chassis Electrical Module Is Not Available
          • Using The Worldwide Diagnostic System (WDS) When The Original Body Chassis Electrical Module Is Available
    • MULTIFUNCTION Electronic Control Modules System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Module Controlled Functions
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Diagnostic Trouble Code Chart
        • Generic Electronic Module (Gem)
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection And Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: No Communication With The Generic Electronic Module (GEM)
        • Central Security Module
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
          • Inspection And Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test B: No Communication With The Central Security Module
      • Removal And Installation
        • Generic Electronic Module (Gem)
          • Removal And Installation
        • Central Security Module
          • Removal And Installation
  • Cruise Control Systems
    • Specifications
      • Torque Specifications
    • Description & Operation
      • Speed Control
    • Diagnosis & Testing
      • Speed Control
        • Notes
        • Special Tool(s)
        • Principles Of Operation
      • Inspection & Verification
      • Self-Test Diagnostics
      • Symptom Chart
      • Pinpoint Tests
        • Pinpoint Test A: The Speed Control Is Inoperative - No Flash Codes
        • Pinpoint Test B: The Set Speed Fluctuates
        • Pinpoint Test C: The Speed Control Does Not Disengage When The Brakes Are Applied
        • Pinpoint Test D: The Speed Control Does Not Disengage When The Clutch Is Applied
        • Pinpoint Test E: The Speed Control Switch Is Inoperative
        • Pinpoint Test F: Flash Code 1 - No Dynamic Pull At Speed Control Servo
        • Pinpoint Test G: Flash Code 2 - Brake Pedal Position Switch Circuit Failure
        • Pinpoint Test H: Flash Code 3 - Deactivator Switch Circuit Failure
        • Pinpoint Test I: The Speed Control Indicator Lamp Is Always On
        • Pinpoint Test J: Flash Code 4 - Speed Signal
    • Removal & Installation
      • Speed Control Servo
        • Removal & Installation
      • Speed Control Cable
        • Removal & Installation
      • Speed Control Switch
        • Removal & Installation
      • Speed Control DEACTIVATOR Switch
        • Removal & Installation
  • Exterior Lights
    • Exterior Lighting System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Exterior Lighting
      • Diagnosis & Testing
        • Headlamps
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: Both Headlamps Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Low Beams Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test C: The High Beams Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Headlamps Are On Continuously
        • STOPLAMPS
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Stoplamps Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test F: One Or More Stoplamps Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Stoplamps Are On Continuously
        • Turn Signal & Hazard Lamps
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test H: The Turn Signal Lamps Are Never On
            • Pinpoint Test J: The Hazard Lamps Are Never On
            • Pinpoint Test K: One Turn Signal/Hazard Lamp Is Never On
        • Parking, Rear & License Lamps
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test L: One Or More Parking, Rear Or License Lamps Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test M: The Parking, Rear Or License Lamps Are On Continuously
        • Fog Lamps
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test N: The Fog Lamps Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test P: The Individual Fog Lamp Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test Q: The Fog Lamps Are On Continuously
        • Reversing Lamps
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test R: The Reversing Lamps Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test S: The Individual Reversing Lamp Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test T: Reversing Lamps Are On Continuously
        • Trailer Lamps
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test U: The Trailer Lamps Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test V: The Trailer Lamps Are Inoperative - RH Trailer Turn Signals/Stoplamps/Hazard Lamps
            • Pinpoint Test W: The Trailer Lamps Are Inoperative - LH Trailer Turn Signals/Stoplamps/Hazard Lamps
            • Pinpoint Test X: The Trailer Lamps Are Inoperative - Parking Lamps
      • General Procedures
        • Headlamp Adjustment
          • Headlamp Aiming
          • Photometric Aiming
          • Screen Method Aiming
          • Mechanical Aiming
      • Removal & Installation
        • Bulb - Headlamp
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Headlamp Assembly
          • Removal & Installation
        • Side Turn Signal Lamp - Bulb
          • Removal & Installation
        • Rear Lamp Assembly
          • Removal & Installation
        • Lamp Assembly - Hi-Mount
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Lamp Switch - Headlamp
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Lamp Switch - Dimmer
          • Removal & Installation
        • Lamp Switch - Multi-Function
          • Removal and Installation
        • Lamp Switch - Fog
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Brake Pedal Position (BPP) Switch
          • Removal & Installation
        • Fog Lamp
          • Removal & Installation
  • Gauges & Instrument Panels
    • Instrument Cluster System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Instrument Cluster
      • Diagnosis & Testing
        • Instrument Cluster
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles Of Operation
          • Printed Circuit
          • Gauge Indication Systems
            • Notes
            • Instrument Cluster Gauge Amplifier/Check Gauge Module
            • Fuel Sending Unit
            • Water Temperature Indicator Sender Unit
            • Oil Pressure Indicator Sender Unit
            • Charge Indicator System
            • Speedometer
            • Odometer
            • Trip Odometer
            • Tachometer
          • Warning Indicators
            • Brake System
            • Charge System Warning Indicator
            • Check Engine Light
            • Air Bag
            • Safety Belt
            • Low Fuel
            • Door Ajar
            • High Beam
            • Overdrive Off
            • Anti-Theft
            • Speed Control
            • Check Fuel Cap
            • Check Gauge
        • Inspection & Verification
        • Generic Electronic Module (Gem) Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
        • 4-Wheel Drive (4WD) Control Module Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
        • Symptom Chart
        • Pinpoint Tests
          • Pinpoint Test A: Incorrect Fuel Gauge Indication
          • Pinpoint Test B: Incorrect Temperature Gauge Indication
          • Pinpoint Test C: Incorrect Oil Pressure Gauge Indication
          • Pinpoint Test D: Inaccurate Speedometer Reading
          • Pinpoint Test E: The Speedometer/Odometer Is Inoperative
          • Pinpoint Test F: The Tachometer Is Inoperative
          • Pinpoint Test G: Incorrect Tachometer Indication
          • Pinpoint Test H: The Charge System Warning Indicator Is Never On
          • Pinpoint Test I: The Anti-Lock Brake Warning Indicator Is Inoperative
          • Pinpoint Test J: The Check Fuel Cap Indicator Is Inoperative
          • Pinpoint Test K: The High Beam Indicator Is Inoperative
          • Pinpoint Test L: The Check Engine/Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL) Indicator Is Inoperative
          • Pinpoint Test M: The LH Turn Signal Indicator Is Inoperative
          • Pinpoint Test N: The Rh Turn Signal Indicator Is Inoperative
          • Pinpoint Test O: The O/D Off Indicator Is Inoperative
          • Pinpoint Test P: The Speed Control Indicator Is Never On
          • Pinpoint Test Q: The Brake Warning Indicator Is Inoperative
          • Pinpoint Test R: The Check Gauge Indicator Is Inoperative
          • Pinpoint Test S: The Door Ajar Indicator Does Not Operate Correctly
          • Pinpoint Test T: The Safety Belt Warning Indicator Does Not Operate Correctly
          • Pinpoint Test U: The 4X4 High, 4X4 Low Indicator Is Inoperative
          • Pinpoint Test V: The Air Bag Indicator Is Inoperative
        • Component Tests
          • Gauge Test - Magnetic Gauge Test
        • Gauge Test - Engine Coolant Temperature Gauge
        • Gauge Test - Oil Pressure Gauge/Oil Pressure Switch
        • Gauge Test - Odometer Accuracy Test
      • Removal & Installation
        • Warning Indicator Bulb
          • Removal & Installation
        • Instrument Cluster Printed Circuit
          • Removal & Installation
        • Instrument Cluster
          • Removal & Installation
        • Cluster Lens
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Gauges
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • Instrument Cluster System & Panel Illumination - Ranger
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Instrument Cluster & Panel Illumination
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Instrument Cluster & Panel Illumination
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection & Verification
        • Symptom Chart
        • Pinpoint Tests
          • Pinpoint Test A: The Control Illumination Is Inoperative
          • Pinpoint Test B: The Instrument Cluster Illumination Is Inoperative
          • Pinpoint Test C: The Climate Control Illumination Is Inoperative
          • Pinpoint Test D: The Audio System Illumination Is Inoperative
          • Pinpoint Test E: A Single Illumination Source Is Inoperative - Headlamp Switch
          • Pinpoint Test F: A Single Illumination Source Is Inoperative - 4WD Mode Switch
          • Pinpoint Test G: A Single Illumination Source Is Inoperative - Fog Lamp Switch
          • Pinpoint Test H: A Single Illumination Source Is Inoperative - Speed Control Actuator Switches
      • Removal & Installation
        • Switch
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Bulb - Instrument Cluster
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Bulb - Climate Control
          • Removal & Installation
    • Instrument Panel And Console
      • Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Instrument Panel
        • Console - Floor
      • Removal And Installation
        • Instrument Panel
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
        • Console - Floor
          • Removal
          • Installation
  • Headlights
    • Daytime Running Lamps System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Daytime Running Lamps (DRL)
      • Diagnosis & Testing
        • Daytime Running Lamps (DRL)
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles Of Operation
            • Daytime Running Lamps (DRL)
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Daytime Running Lamps Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Daytime Running Lamps Are On With The Ignition Switch Off
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Daytime Running Lamps Are Inoperative - The Low Beam Headlamps Are On At Full Intensity In DRL Mode
      • Removal & Installation
        • Daytime Running Lamps (DRL) Module
          • Removal
          • Installation
  • Horns
    • Horn System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Horn
      • Diagnosis & Testing
        • Horn
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles Of Operation
        • Inspection & Verification
        • Symptom Chart
        • Pinpoint Tests
          • Pinpoint Test A: The Horn Does Not Sound
          • Pinpoint Test B: The Horn Sounds Continuously
  • Interior/Exterior Trim
    • Exterior Trim And Ornamentation
      • Removal And Installation
        • Radiator Grille
          • Removal And Installation
    • Instrument Panel And Console
      • Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Instrument Panel
        • Console - Floor
      • Removal And Installation
        • Instrument Panel
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
        • Console - Floor
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • Interior Trim And Ornamentation
      • Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Interior Trim
        • Interior Trim -Four-Door, SUPERCAB
      • Removal And Installation
        • Trim Panel - Front Door, Finish Panel
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Trim Panel - Front Door
          • Removal And Installation
        • Headliner
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Headliner -Four-Door, SUPERCAB
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Trim Panel - Quarter, Regular Cab
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Trim Panel - Quarter, SUPERCAB Without Center-Facing Rear Seat
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal And Installation
        • Trim Panel - Quarter, SUPERCAB With Center-Facing Rear Seat
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal And Installation
        • Trim Panel - Quarter, Rear, Four - Door, SUPERCAB
          • Removal And Installation
        • Trim Panel - Rear Door
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
  • Interior/Illumination Lights
    • Interior Lighting System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Interior Lighting
      • Diagnosis & Testing
        • Interior Lighting
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles Of Operation
            • Interior Lighting
            • Courtesy Lighting
            • Illuminated Entry (Option)
            • Courtesy Lighting Arbitrator
            • Battery Saver
          • Inspection & Verification
          • GEM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Courtesy Lamps Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Courtesy Lamps Do Not Turn On With One Door Open
            • Pinpoint Test C: The Courtesy Lamps Stay On Continuously
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Illuminated Entry Is Inoperative When Using The Remote Transmitter
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Battery Saver Does Not Deactivate After Timeout
            • Pinpoint Test F: An Individual Demand Lighting Lamp Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Dome Lamp Is Inoperative
      • Removal & Installation
        • Lamp Assembly - Map/Dome
          • Removal & Installation
  • Rear View Mirrors System
    • Specifications
      • Torque Specifications
    • Description And Operation
      • Rear View Mirrors
    • Diagnosis And Testing
      • Rear View Mirrors
        • Notes
        • Special Tool(s)
        • Inspection And Verification
        • Symptom Chart
        • Pinpoint Test
          • Pinpoint Test A: The Mirrors Are Inoperative
          • Pinpoint Test B: A Single Mirror Is Inoperative
          • Pinpoint Test C: A Single Mirror Does Not Function With Switch Logic
        • Component Test
          • Switch - Outside Rear View Mirror Control
          • Outside Rear View Mirror Control
    • Removal And Installation
      • Exterior Mirror
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Interior Rear View Mirror
        • Special Tool(s)
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Exterior Mirror Motor
      • Exterior Mirror Glass
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Switch - Outside Rear View Mirror
        • Removal
        • Installation
  • Steering Column Switches
    • Horn System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Horn
      • Diagnosis & Testing
        • Horn
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles Of Operation
        • Inspection & Verification
        • Symptom Chart
        • Pinpoint Tests
          • Pinpoint Test A: The Horn Does Not Sound
          • Pinpoint Test B: The Horn Sounds Continuously
    • Steering Column Switches
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Steering Column Switches
          • Steering Column Switches Component Location
      • Diagnosis & Testing
        • Steering Column Switches
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection & Verification
        • Gem/CTM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
        • Symptom Chart
        • Pinpoint Tests
          • Pinpoint Test A: The Ignition Switch Is Inoperative
          • Pinpoint Test B: No Power In ACC
          • Pinpoint Test C: No Power In Run
          • Pinpoint Test D: No Power In Start
          • Pinpoint Test E: The Ignition Key Is Hard To Turn
      • Removal & Installation
        • MULTIFUNCTION Switch
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Ignition Switch
          • Removal & Installation
        • Key Release Interlock Actuator
          • Removal and Installation
        • Key Release Button
          • Removal & Installation
  • Warning Systems
    • Description & Operation
      • Warning Devices
    • Diagnosis & Testing
      • Warning Devices
        • Notes
        • Special Tool(s)
        • Principles Of Operation
          • Safety Belt Warning Chime
          • Belt Minder
          • Door Ajar Warning Chime
          • Headlamp On Warning Chime
          • Key-in-Ignition Warning Chime
      • Inspection & Verification
      • Gem Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
      • Symptom Chart
      • Pinpoint Tests
        • Notes
        • Pinpoint Test A: The Safety Belt Warning Chime Does Not Operate Correctly
        • Pinpoint Test B: The Key-In-Ignition Chime Does Not Operate Correctly
        • Pinpoint Test C: The Door Ajar Chime Does Not Operate Correctly
        • Pinpoint Test D: The Headlamp On Reminder Chime Does Not Operate Correctly
    • General Procedures
      • Belt Minder Deactivating/Activating
        • Preparation
        • Deactivating/Activating
    • Removal & Installation
      • Key-In-Ignition Warning Switch
        • Removal & Installation
  • Window Motors & Regulators
    • Windows And Glass
      • Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Glass, Frames And Mechanisms
          • Notes
          • Quarter Glass
          • Back Window Glass
          • Windshield Glass
          • Front Door Glass
        • Glass, Frames And Mechanisms - Four-Door, SUPERCAB
          • Quarter Glass
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Glass, Frames And Mechanisms
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles Of Operation
            • Power Window Operation
            • Power Window Control
            • Window Safety Relay
            • One Touch Down Relay
            • Generic Electronic Module
          • Inspection And Verification
          • GEM/CTM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • GEM/CTM Parameter Identification (PID) Index
          • GEM/CTM Active Command Index
          • GEM/CTM Wiggle Test Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Notes
            • Pinpoint Test A: All Power Windows Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: Single Power Window Is Inoperative - Driver Power Window
            • Pinpoint Test C: Single Power Window Is Inoperative - Passenger Power Window
            • Pinpoint Test D: The One Touch Down Feature Is Inoperative
          • Component Tests
            • Relay - Mini ISO
            • Relay - Micro ISO
      • Removal And Installation
        • Switch - Window Regulator Control
          • Removal And Installation
        • Window Glass - Front Door
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal And Installation
        • Window Glass - Fixed Quarter
          • Removal And Installation
        • Window Glass - Fixed Quarter, Four-Door, SUPERCAB
          • Removal And Installation
        • Window Glass - MOVEABLE Quarter
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal And Installation
        • Window Glass - Back
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Motor And Window Regulator
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal And Installation
        • Windshield Glass
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Door Glass Run Retainer - Center
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal And Installation
        • Door Glass Top Run
          • Removal And Installation
  • Wiper/Washer Systems
    • Wiper System & Washer System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Wipers And Washers
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Wipers And Washers
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection And Verification
          • GEM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Notes
            • Pinpoint Test A: The Wipers Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test B: The Wipers Stay On Continuously
            • Pinpoint Test C: The High/Low Wiper Speeds Do Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Intermittent Wiper Speed Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test E: The Washer Pump Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test F: The Speed Dependent Interval Mode Does Not Operate Correctly
            • Pinpoint Test G: The Low Wiper Speed Does Not Operate Correctly
          • Component Test
            • Windshield Wiper Motor
      • Removal And Installation
        • Pivot Arm
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Mounting Arm And Pivot Shaft
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Motor - Windshield Wiper
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Washer Pump And Reservoir
          • Removal
          • Installation
• Body & Frame
  • Door Locks
    • Anti-Theft System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Anti-Theft - Passive Anti-Theft System (Pats)
      • Diagnosis & Testing
        • Anti-Theft - Passive Anti-Theft System (Pats)
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Passive Anti-Theft System (Pats) - Principles Of Operation
        • Passive Anti-Theft System (Pats) - Inspection & Verification
        • Passive Anti-Theft System (Pats) - Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTC) Index
        • Passive Anti-Theft System (Pats) - Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTC) Descriptions
          • Expanded DTC Descriptions
        • Passive Anti-Theft System (Pats) - Symptom Chart
          • Symptom Chart
        • Passive Anti-Theft System (Pats) - Pinpoint Tests
          • Pinpoint Test A: No Antenna Detected
          • Pinpoint Test B: Pats Ignition Key Transponder Signal Is Not Received
          • Pinpoint Test C: Pats Received Incorrect Key-Code From Ignition Key Transponder
          • Pinpoint Test D: PATS Received Invalid Format Of Key-Code From Ignition Key Transponder
          • Pinpoint Test E: PATS Transceiver Module Signal Is Not Received
          • Pinpoint Test F: Anti-Theft Number Of Programmed Keys Is Below Minimum
          • Pinpoint Test G: The Anti-Theft Indicator Is Always/Never On
          • Pinpoint Test H: The Vehicle Does Not Start
      • General Procedures
        • Key Programming Using Two Programmed Keys
        • Key Programming Using Diagnostic Equipment
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Key Programming Switch State Control
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Disabling Unlimited Key Mode
        • Spare Key Programming
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Anti-Theft Security Access
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Passive Anti-Theft System (Pats) Transceiver
          • Removal
    • Handles, Locks, Latches And Entry Systems
      • Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Handles, Locks, Latches And Entry Systems
          • Notes
          • Keyless Entry
          • Power Unlock Inhibit
          • Deactivating/Activating Power Door Unlock Switch Inhibit
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Locks, Latches And Entry Systems - Module Controlled
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Power Door Locks
            • Keyless Entry
          • Inspection And Verification
          • Central Security Module Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
          • Symptom Chart
          • Pinpoint Tests
            • Pinpoint Test A: All Door Locks Are Inoperative From One Switch
            • Pinpoint Test B: All Door Locks Are Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test C: A Single Door Lock Is Inoperative
            • Pinpoint Test D: The Doors Do Not Lock/Unlock Using The Remote Transmitter
            • Pinpoint Test E: Remote Keyless Entry Transmitter Out Of Synchronization
            • Pinpoint Test F: Panic Feature Is Inoperative/Does Not Operate Correctly
      • General Procedures
        • Latch Adjustment - Hood
        • Remote Transmitter Programming
      • Removal And Installation
        • Hood Latch
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Front Door Latch
          • Removal And Installation
        • Rear Door Latch - Upper
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Rear Door Latch - Lower
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Tailgate Latch
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Hood Latch Release Handle
          • Removal And Installation
        • Exterior Front Door Handle
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal And Installation
        • Exterior Rear Door Handle
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal And Installation
        • Interior Door Handle
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal And Installation
        • Tailgate Release Handle
          • Removal And Installation
        • Door Lock Cylinder
          • Removal And Installation
        • Tailgate Latch Remote Control
          • Removal
        • Door Ajar Switch
          • Removal And Installation
        • Door Ajar Switch - Four-Door, SUPERCAB
          • Removal And Installation
        • Door Lock Actuator
          • Removal And Installation
    • Remote Keyless Entry System [Transmitter Programming Procedures]
      • Programming Methods & Transmitter Types
        • Programming Method And Transmitter Type Application
        • Transmitter Type Identification
        • Programming Methods
          • Programming Method A
          • Programming Method D
          • Programming Method I
          • Programming Method K
          • Programming Method L
          • Programming Method M
          • Programming Method N
          • Programming Method O
      • Helpful Hints
        • Remote Entry Programming Procedure
        • Poor Operating Range Performance
        • Miscellaneous
  • Exterior/Interior Trim
    • Exterior Trim And Ornamentation
      • Removal And Installation
        • Radiator Grille
          • Removal And Installation
    • Instrument Panel And Console
      • Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Instrument Panel
        • Console - Floor
      • Removal And Installation
        • Instrument Panel
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
        • Console - Floor
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • Interior Trim And Ornamentation
      • Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Interior Trim
        • Interior Trim -Four-Door, SUPERCAB
      • Removal And Installation
        • Trim Panel - Front Door, Finish Panel
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Trim Panel - Front Door
          • Removal And Installation
        • Headliner
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Headliner -Four-Door, SUPERCAB
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Trim Panel - Quarter, Regular Cab
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Trim Panel - Quarter, SUPERCAB Without Center-Facing Rear Seat
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal And Installation
        • Trim Panel - Quarter, SUPERCAB With Center-Facing Rear Seat
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal And Installation
        • Trim Panel - Quarter, Rear, Four - Door, SUPERCAB
          • Removal And Installation
        • Trim Panel - Rear Door
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
  • Rear View Mirrors System
    • Specifications
      • Torque Specifications
    • Description And Operation
      • Rear View Mirrors
    • Diagnosis And Testing
      • Rear View Mirrors
        • Notes
        • Special Tool(s)
        • Inspection And Verification
        • Symptom Chart
        • Pinpoint Test
          • Pinpoint Test A: The Mirrors Are Inoperative
          • Pinpoint Test B: A Single Mirror Is Inoperative
          • Pinpoint Test C: A Single Mirror Does Not Function With Switch Logic
        • Component Test
          • Switch - Outside Rear View Mirror Control
          • Outside Rear View Mirror Control
    • Removal And Installation
      • Exterior Mirror
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Interior Rear View Mirror
        • Special Tool(s)
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Exterior Mirror Motor
      • Exterior Mirror Glass
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Switch - Outside Rear View Mirror
        • Removal
        • Installation
  • Windows And Glass
    • Specifications
    • Description And Operation
      • Glass, Frames And Mechanisms
        • Notes
        • Quarter Glass
        • Back Window Glass
        • Windshield Glass
        • Front Door Glass
      • Glass, Frames And Mechanisms - Four-Door, SUPERCAB
        • Quarter Glass
    • Diagnosis And Testing
      • Glass, Frames And Mechanisms
        • Notes
        • Special Tool(s)
        • Principles Of Operation
          • Power Window Operation
          • Power Window Control
          • Window Safety Relay
          • One Touch Down Relay
          • Generic Electronic Module
        • Inspection And Verification
        • GEM/CTM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
        • GEM/CTM Parameter Identification (PID) Index
        • GEM/CTM Active Command Index
        • GEM/CTM Wiggle Test Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
        • Symptom Chart
        • Pinpoint Tests
          • Notes
          • Pinpoint Test A: All Power Windows Are Inoperative
          • Pinpoint Test B: Single Power Window Is Inoperative - Driver Power Window
          • Pinpoint Test C: Single Power Window Is Inoperative - Passenger Power Window
          • Pinpoint Test D: The One Touch Down Feature Is Inoperative
        • Component Tests
          • Relay - Mini ISO
          • Relay - Micro ISO
    • Removal And Installation
      • Switch - Window Regulator Control
        • Removal And Installation
      • Window Glass - Front Door
        • Special Tool(s)
        • Removal And Installation
      • Window Glass - Fixed Quarter
        • Removal And Installation
      • Window Glass - Fixed Quarter, Four-Door, SUPERCAB
        • Removal And Installation
      • Window Glass - MOVEABLE Quarter
        • Special Tool(s)
        • Removal And Installation
      • Window Glass - Back
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Motor And Window Regulator
        • Special Tool(s)
        • Removal And Installation
      • Windshield Glass
        • Special Tool(s)
        • Removal
        • Installation
      • Door Glass Run Retainer - Center
        • Special Tool(s)
        • Removal And Installation
      • Door Glass Top Run
        • Removal And Installation
• Brakes
  • Anti-Lock Brakes
    • Anti-Lock Brake System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Anti-Lock Control - (4WABS)
      • Diagnosis & Testing
        • Anti-Lock Control
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Notes
            • Hydraulic Control Unit (HCU)
            • Anti-Lock Brake System (ABS) Module
            • Wheel Speed Sensor
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Warning Lamp Indicators
          • Electronic Brake Distribution (EBD)
        • Anti-Lock Brake System (Abs) Module Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
        • Symptom Chart
        • Pinpoint Tests
          • Pinpoint Test A: No Communication With The Anti-Lock Brake System (ABS) Module
          • Pinpoint Test B: DTC B1676 - Battery Voltage Out Of Range
          • Pinpoint Test C: DTCS C1145, C1155 & C1230 - Anti-Lock Brake Sensor Circuit Failure
          • Pinpoint Test D: DTCS C1233, C1234 & C1237 Wheel Speed Sensor Output Failure
          • Pinpoint Test E: DTC C1095 - Hydraulic Pump Motor Circuit Failure
          • Pinpoint Test F: The Yellow ABS Warning Indicator Does Not Self-Check
          • Pinpoint Test G: DTC C1939: Brake Pressure Switch (BPS) Circuit Failure
          • Pinpoint Test H: Yellow ABS Light Always On, No DTCS
      • Removal & Installation
        • Hydraulic Control Unit
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Anti-Lock Brake System (Abs) Module
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Sensor - Front 4X2
          • Material
          • Removal & Installation
        • Sensor - Front 4X4
          • Removal & Installation
        • Sensor - Rear
          • Material
          • Removal & Installation
        • Sensor Indicator - Front 4X2
          • Removal & Installation
        • Sensor Indicator - Front 4X4
          • Removal & Installation
        • Sensor Indicator - Rear
          • Removal & Installation
  • Mechanical - Hydraulic
    • Disc Brakes & Drum Brakes
      • Description & Operation
        • Notes
        • Brake System
          • Notes
          • Drum Brake
          • Front Disc Brake
          • Parking Brake
          • Hydraulic Brake Actuation
          • Brake Tubes & Hoses
        • System Components
          • Brake Booster
          • Check Valve
          • Deactivator Switch
          • Master Cylinder
      • Bleeding Brake System
        • Notes
        • Manual Bleeding
          • Notes
          • Caliper
          • Master Cylinder Bleeding (Bench)
          • Master Cylinder Bleeding (On-Vehicle)
          • 4-Wheel Anti-Lock Brake Hydraulic Control Unit
          • Gravity Bleeding
          • System Bleeding
        • Pressure Bleeding
        • Bleeding Sequence
      • Adjustments
        • Parking Brake
        • Brake Shoes
          • Drums Removed
          • Drums Installed
        • Disc Pads
      • Component Tests
        • Brake Warning Light
        • Master Cylinder
          • Bypass Condition Test
          • Compensator Port Check
        • Vacuum Power Booster
        • Vacuum Booster Check Valve
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Brake Backing Plate
          • Removal & Installation
        • Brake Drum
          • Removal & Installation
        • Brake Pedal & Bracket
          • Removal & Installation (A/T)
          • Removal & Installation (M/T)
        • Brake Shoes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Caliper Anchor Plate
          • Removal & Installation
        • Calipers & Pads
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Inspection
          • Installation
        • Disc Shield
          • Removal & Installation
        • Front Brake Disc
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Inspection
          • Installation
        • Master Cylinder
          • Removal & Installation
        • Parking Brake
          • Removal & Installation (Control)
          • Removal & Installation (Front Cable & Conduit)
          • Removal & Installation (Rear Parking Brake Cable)
        • Vacuum Power Booster
          • Removal & Installation
        • Wheel Cylinders
          • Removal & Installation
      • Overhaul
        • Notes
        • Disc Brake Caliper
          • Disassembly
          • Cleaning & Inspection
          • Reassembly
        • Master Cylinder
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Reassembly
        • Wheel Cylinders
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Reassembly
      • Torque Specifications
      • Disc & Drum Brake Specifications
  • Traction Control
    • Anti-Lock Brake System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Anti-Lock Control - (4WABS)
      • Diagnosis & Testing
        • Anti-Lock Control
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles of Operation
            • Notes
            • Hydraulic Control Unit (HCU)
            • Anti-Lock Brake System (ABS) Module
            • Wheel Speed Sensor
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Warning Lamp Indicators
          • Electronic Brake Distribution (EBD)
        • Anti-Lock Brake System (Abs) Module Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
        • Symptom Chart
        • Pinpoint Tests
          • Pinpoint Test A: No Communication With The Anti-Lock Brake System (ABS) Module
          • Pinpoint Test B: DTC B1676 - Battery Voltage Out Of Range
          • Pinpoint Test C: DTCS C1145, C1155 & C1230 - Anti-Lock Brake Sensor Circuit Failure
          • Pinpoint Test D: DTCS C1233, C1234 & C1237 Wheel Speed Sensor Output Failure
          • Pinpoint Test E: DTC C1095 - Hydraulic Pump Motor Circuit Failure
          • Pinpoint Test F: The Yellow ABS Warning Indicator Does Not Self-Check
          • Pinpoint Test G: DTC C1939: Brake Pressure Switch (BPS) Circuit Failure
          • Pinpoint Test H: Yellow ABS Light Always On, No DTCS
      • Removal & Installation
        • Hydraulic Control Unit
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Anti-Lock Brake System (Abs) Module
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Sensor - Front 4X2
          • Material
          • Removal & Installation
        • Sensor - Front 4X4
          • Removal & Installation
        • Sensor - Rear
          • Material
          • Removal & Installation
        • Sensor Indicator - Front 4X2
          • Removal & Installation
        • Sensor Indicator - Front 4X4
          • Removal & Installation
        • Sensor Indicator - Rear
          • Removal & Installation
• Drivelines & Axles
  • Axle Shafts
    • Driveline System-General Information
      • Specifications
        • 4X2, Rear Driveline Angles @ Curb Specifications
        • 4X4, Rear Driveline Angles @ Curb Specifications
        • General Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Driveline System
          • Notes
          • Vehicle Certification (VC) Label Example
          • Front Axle Identification Tag
          • Rear Axle Identification Tag
      • Diagnosis & Testing
        • Driveline System
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Noise Acceptability
          • Universal Joint (U-Joint) Inspection
          • Inspection For Bent Rear Axle Housing
          • Analysis Of Leakage
          • Axle Vent
          • Flange Yoke Seal
          • Axle Shaft Seals
          • Differential Seals
          • Analysis Of Vibration
            • Notes
            • Tires
            • Driveline Angle
            • Universal Joint (U-Joint) Wear
            • Wheel Hub Or Axle Flange Bolt Circle Runout
            • Pilot Runout
            • Wheel Hub Or Axle Flange Face Runout
            • Drive Pinion Stem & Pinion Flange
            • Coupling Shaft Center Bearing Alignment
          • Bearing Shimming
          • Halfshafts, Front Wheel
          • Axle Noise
            • Notes
            • Gear Howl & Whine
            • Bearing Whine
            • Chuckle
            • Knock
            • Clunk
          • Total Backlash Check
          • Axle Shaft Bearing Noise
          • Bearing Rumble
          • Symptom Chart
        • Component Tests
          • Driveline Vibration
        • Driveshaft Vibrates
        • Traction-LOK(R) Differential Operation Check
        • Traction-LOK(R) Differential Check Road Test
        • Pinion Flange RUNOUT Check - Circular
        • Tooth Contact Pattern Check - GEARSET
          • Notes
          • Contact Pattern Location
      • General Procedures
        • Driveline Angle Inspection
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Axle Housing Casting Porosity (Holes In Casting) Repair
        • Axle Housing Weld Leaks Repair
  • Differentials & Drive Axles
    • Driveline System-General Information
      • Specifications
        • 4X2, Rear Driveline Angles @ Curb Specifications
        • 4X4, Rear Driveline Angles @ Curb Specifications
        • General Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Driveline System
          • Notes
          • Vehicle Certification (VC) Label Example
          • Front Axle Identification Tag
          • Rear Axle Identification Tag
      • Diagnosis & Testing
        • Driveline System
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Noise Acceptability
          • Universal Joint (U-Joint) Inspection
          • Inspection For Bent Rear Axle Housing
          • Analysis Of Leakage
          • Axle Vent
          • Flange Yoke Seal
          • Axle Shaft Seals
          • Differential Seals
          • Analysis Of Vibration
            • Notes
            • Tires
            • Driveline Angle
            • Universal Joint (U-Joint) Wear
            • Wheel Hub Or Axle Flange Bolt Circle Runout
            • Pilot Runout
            • Wheel Hub Or Axle Flange Face Runout
            • Drive Pinion Stem & Pinion Flange
            • Coupling Shaft Center Bearing Alignment
          • Bearing Shimming
          • Halfshafts, Front Wheel
          • Axle Noise
            • Notes
            • Gear Howl & Whine
            • Bearing Whine
            • Chuckle
            • Knock
            • Clunk
          • Total Backlash Check
          • Axle Shaft Bearing Noise
          • Bearing Rumble
          • Symptom Chart
        • Component Tests
          • Driveline Vibration
        • Driveshaft Vibrates
        • Traction-LOK(R) Differential Operation Check
        • Traction-LOK(R) Differential Check Road Test
        • Pinion Flange RUNOUT Check - Circular
        • Tooth Contact Pattern Check - GEARSET
          • Notes
          • Contact Pattern Location
      • General Procedures
        • Driveline Angle Inspection
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Axle Housing Casting Porosity (Holes In Casting) Repair
        • Axle Housing Weld Leaks Repair
    • Front Drive Axle/Differential - DANA 35
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Front Drive Axle & Differential
          • AWD Dana 35 Exploded View
      • Diagnosis & Testing
        • Front Drive Axle
      • General Procedures
        • Axle & Differential Drain & Refill
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
      • In-Vehicle Repair
        • Axle Tube Bearing
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Drive Pinion Seal
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Removal & Installation
        • Axle Assembly - Front
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Differential Ring & Pinion
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Differential Bearings
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Differential Carrier
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Bushing
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Disassembly & Assembly
        • Axle
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Differential Case
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
    • Rear Drive Axle/Differential 7.5-Inch Ring Gear
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Rear Drive Axle & Differential
      • Diagnosis & Testing
        • Rear Drive Axle & Differential
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection & Verification
        • Diagnostic Routines
          • Diagnostic Routine - Fluid Loss
          • Diagnostic Routine - Noise Louder On Turns (Sweeping)
          • Diagnostic Routine - Noise (Growl) In Tight Turn, Conventional Differential
          • Diagnostic Routine - Noise (Chatter/Shudder) In Tight Turns, Limited Slip Differential
          • Diagnostic Routine - Noise (Whine) In All Or More Than One Drive Modes
          • Diagnostic Routine - Noise (Tick/Click) In All Or More Than One Drive Modes
          • Diagnostic Routine - Noise (Howl/Moan) In All Or More Than One Drive Modes
          • Diagnostic Routine - Noise (Clunk) On Changes In Speed Or Direction Of Power
          • Diagnostic Routine - Front Axle Will Not Engage/Disengage
          • Diagnostic Routine - Vibration
        • Checking Differential Ring Gear Backlash
        • Checking Tooth Contact Pattern & Condition Of The Ring & Pinion
          • Notes
          • Good Contact Pattern
          • Low Contact Pattern Contacting More Toward the Heel
          • High, Thin Contact Pattern In the Center Of the Tooth
          • Thick Contact Pattern Contacting Tooth Toward the Heel
          • Thick Contact Pattern Contacting Tooth Toward the Toe
      • In-Vehicle Repair
        • Axle Shaft
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Rear Wheel Bearing & Axle Shaft Oil Seal
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Drive Pinion Flange
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Drive Pinion Seal
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Differential Housing Cover
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Drive Pinion
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Differential Case
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Differential Ring & Pinion
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Differential Bearings
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Removal & Installation
        • Axle Housing
          • Removal & Installation
        • Differential Carrier
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Disassembly & Assembly
        • Differential Case & Ring Gear - Conventional
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Differential Case & Ring Gear - Traction-LOK(R)
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
    • Rear Drive Axle/Differential 8.8-Inch Ring Gear
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Rear Drive Axle & Differential
      • Diagnosis & Testing
        • Rear Drive Axle & Differential
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection & Verification
        • Diagnostic Routines
          • Notes
          • Diagnostic Routine - Noise Louder On Turns (Sweeping)
          • Diagnostic Routine - Noise (Growl) In Tight Turn, Conventional Differential
          • Diagnostic Routine - Noise (Chatter/Shudder) In Tight Turns, Limited Slip Differential
          • Diagnostic Routine - Noise (Whine) In All Or More Than One Drive Modes
          • Diagnostic Routine - Noise (Tick/Click) In All Or More Than One Drive Modes
          • Diagnostic Routine - Noise (Howl/Moan) In All Or More Than One Drive Modes
          • Diagnostic Routine - Noise (Clunk) On Changes In Speed Or Direction Of Power
          • Diagnostic Routine - Front Axle Will Not Engage/Disengage
          • Diagnostic Routine - Vibration
        • Checking Differential Ring Gear Backlash
        • Checking Tooth Contact Pattern & Condition Of The Ring & Pinion
          • Notes
          • Good Contact Pattern
          • Low Contact Pattern That Is Contacting More Toward the Heel
          • High, Thin Contact Pattern In the Center Of the Tooth
          • Thick Contact Pattern That Is Contacting Tooth Toward the Heel
          • Thick Contact Pattern That Is Contacting Tooth Toward the Toe
      • In-Vehicle Repair
        • Axle Shaft
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Rear Wheel Bearing & Axle Shaft Oil Seal
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Drive Pinion Flange
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Drive Pinion Seal
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Differential Housing Cover
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Drive Pinion
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Differential Case
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Differential Ring & Pinion
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Differential Bearings
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Removal & Installation
        • Axle Housing
          • Removal & Installation
        • Differential Carrier
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Disassembly & Assembly
        • Differential Case & Ring Gear - Conventional
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Differential Case & Ring Gear - Traction-LOK
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
  • Driveshaft & Universal Joints
    • Drive Shafts
      • Identification
      • Description
      • Trouble Shooting
        • Notes
        • Drive Shaft Angles
        • Drive Shaft RUNOUT
        • U-Joint Bearings
      • Removal & Installation
        • Front Drive Shaft
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Rear Drive Shaft (2WD)
          • Removal & Installation
        • Rear Drive Shaft (4WD)
          • Removal & Installation (Explorer, Mountaineer & Ranger)
          • Removal & Installation (Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport Trac)
        • Rear Drive Shaft Slip Yoke Boot
          • Removal & Installation
      • Overhaul
        • Notes
        • Single CARDAN Universal Joints
          • Notes
          • Removal & Disassembly
          • Reassembly & Installation
        • Drive Shaft Slip Yoke
          • Removal & Disassembly
          • Installation
      • Torque Specifications
    • Driveline System-General Information
      • Specifications
        • 4X2, Rear Driveline Angles @ Curb Specifications
        • 4X4, Rear Driveline Angles @ Curb Specifications
        • General Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Driveline System
          • Notes
          • Vehicle Certification (VC) Label Example
          • Front Axle Identification Tag
          • Rear Axle Identification Tag
      • Diagnosis & Testing
        • Driveline System
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Noise Acceptability
          • Universal Joint (U-Joint) Inspection
          • Inspection For Bent Rear Axle Housing
          • Analysis Of Leakage
          • Axle Vent
          • Flange Yoke Seal
          • Axle Shaft Seals
          • Differential Seals
          • Analysis Of Vibration
            • Notes
            • Tires
            • Driveline Angle
            • Universal Joint (U-Joint) Wear
            • Wheel Hub Or Axle Flange Bolt Circle Runout
            • Pilot Runout
            • Wheel Hub Or Axle Flange Face Runout
            • Drive Pinion Stem & Pinion Flange
            • Coupling Shaft Center Bearing Alignment
          • Bearing Shimming
          • Halfshafts, Front Wheel
          • Axle Noise
            • Notes
            • Gear Howl & Whine
            • Bearing Whine
            • Chuckle
            • Knock
            • Clunk
          • Total Backlash Check
          • Axle Shaft Bearing Noise
          • Bearing Rumble
          • Symptom Chart
        • Component Tests
          • Driveline Vibration
        • Driveshaft Vibrates
        • Traction-LOK(R) Differential Operation Check
        • Traction-LOK(R) Differential Check Road Test
        • Pinion Flange RUNOUT Check - Circular
        • Tooth Contact Pattern Check - GEARSET
          • Notes
          • Contact Pattern Location
      • General Procedures
        • Driveline Angle Inspection
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Axle Housing Casting Porosity (Holes In Casting) Repair
        • Axle Housing Weld Leaks Repair
• Electrical
  • Body Electrical
    • OEM Connector End Views
      • Connector End Views
        • A/C Clutch Solenoid Connector End View (C100)
        • Crankshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C101)
        • Generator Connector End View (C102a)
        • Generator Connector End View (C102b)
        • Generator Connector End View (C102c)
        • Oil Pressure Switch Connector End View (C103)
        • Cylinder... Head Temperature Sensor Connector End View (C107)
        • Knock Sensor Connector End View (C108)
        • Knock Sensor Connector End View (C109)
        • Inline Connector end view (C110)
        • Speed Control Servo Connector End View (C122)
        • Brake Fluid Level Switch Connector End View (C124)
        • Windshield Wiper Motor Connector End View (C125)
        • Mass Air Flow (Maf) Sensor Connector End View (C128)
        • Horn Connector End View (C131)
        • ABS Control Module Connector End View (C135)
        • Windshield Washer Pump Motor Connector End View (C137)
        • Inline Connector end view (C139)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #12 Connector End View (C142)
        • Inline Connector end view (C144)
        • Inline Connector end view (C146)
        • Wheel Speed Sensor, Left Front Connector End View (C150)
        • Fog Lamp, Left Front Connector End View (C152)
        • Wheel Speed Sensor, Right Front Connector End View (C160)
        • Fog Lamp, Right Front Connector End View (C162)
        • Intermediate Shaft Speed (ISS) Sensor Connector End View (C164)
        • Digital Transmission Range (DTR) Sensor Connector End View (C167)
        • 5R44E Transmission Connector End View (C168)
        • Reversing Lamps Switch Connector End View (C169)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #11 Connector End View (C171)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #21 Connector End View (C172)
        • Ignition Transformer Capacitor 1 Connector End View (C174)
        • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector End View (C175)
        • Camshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C180)
        • Fuel Injector 1 Connector End View (C181)
        • Fuel Injector 2 Connector End View (C182)
        • Fuel Injector Connector End View (C183)
        • Fuel Injector 4 Connector End View (C184)
        • Fuel Injector 5 Connector End View (C185)
        • Fuel Injector 6 Connector End View (C186)
        • Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) Connector End View (C189)
        • Output Shaft Speed (OSS) Sensor Connector End View (C193)
        • Starter Motor Connector End View (C197a)
        • Starter Motor Connector End View (C197b)
        • 5R55E Transmission Connector End View (C199)
        • Multifunction Switch Connector End View (C202a)
        • Multifunction Switch Connector End View (C202b)
        • Main Light Switch Connector End View (C205)
        • Instrument Panel Dimming Module Connector End View (C206)
        • Inline Connector end view (C210)
        • Inline Connector end view (C211)
        • Inline Connector end view (C212)
        • Inline Connector end view (C213)
        • Inline Connector end view (C214)
        • Inline Connector end view (C215)
        • Air Bag Sliding Contact Connector End View (C218a)
        • Air Bag Sliding Contact Connector End View (C218b)
        • Inline Connector end view (C219)
        • Instrument Cluster Connector End View (C220a)
        • Instrument Cluster Connector End View (C220b)
        • Instrument Cluster Connector End View (C220c)
        • Fog Lamp Switch Connector End View (C240)
        • Ignition Switch Connector End View (C250)
        • Data Link Connector (DLC) Connector End View (C251)
        • Glove Box Lamp Connector End View (C254)
        • Passenger Air Bag Module Connector End View (C256)
        • Clutch Pedal Position Switch Connector End View (C257)
        • Central Security Module Connector End View (C274a)
        • Central Security Module Connector End View (C274b)
        • Brake Pedal Position Switch Connector End View (C278)
        • Transmission Control Switch Connector End View (C279)
        • Four... Wheel Drive Control Module Connector End View (C281a)
        • Four... Wheel Drive Control Module Connector End View (C281b)
        • Inertia Fuel Shutoff (IFS) Switch Connector End View (C282)
        • Four... Wheel Drive Switch Connector End View (284)
        • Audio Unit Connector End View (C290a)
        • Audio Unit Connector End View (C290b)
        • Audio Unit Connector End View (C290c)
        • Function Selector Switch Assembly Front Connector End View (C294a)
        • Function Selector Switch Assembly Front Connector End View (C294b)
        • Inline Connector end view (C300)
        • Passenger Safety Belt Retractor Pretensioner Connector End View (C303)
        • Safety Belt Buckle Switch Connector End View (C323)
        • Inline Connector end view (C340)
        • Gearmotor Encoder Assembly Connector End View (C350)
        • Park/Stop/Turn Lamp, Left Rear Connector End View (C412)
        • Park/Stop/Turn Lamp, Right Rear Connector End View (C415)
        • Inline Connector end view (C421)
        • Fuel Tank Pressure Transducer Sensor Connector End View (C435)
        • Trailer Tow Connector End View (C439)
        • Evaporative Emission (EVAP) Canister Vent Valve Connector End View (C450)
        • Reversing Lamp, For Connector End View (C451)
        • License Plate Lamp, Left Connector End View (C454)
        • Rear Axle Speed Sensor Connector End View (C455)
        • Reversing Lamp, Right Connector End View (C461)
        • License Plate Lamp, Right Connector End View (464)
        • Master Window Adjust Switch Connector End View (C504)
        • Door Lock Switch, Driver Side Connector End View (C505)
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror, Left Connector End View (C522)
        • Speaker, Left Front Connector End View (C523)
        • Power Window Motor, Driver Side Front Connector End View (C524)
        • Door Lock Actuator, Left Front Connector End View (C525)
        • Door Ajar Switch, Left Front Connector End View (C526)
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror Switch Connector End View (C527)
        • Door Ajar Switch Right Front Connector End View (C602)
        • Door Lock Actuator, Right Front Connector End View (C603)
        • Window Adjust Switch, Passenger Side Connector End View (C604)
        • Door Lock Switch, Passenger Side Connector End View (C605)
        • Power Window Motor, Passenger Side Front Connector End View (C608)
        • Speaker, Right Front Connector End View (C612)
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror, Right Connector End View (C622)
        • Speaker, Left Rear Connector End View (C702)
        • Inline Connector end view (C710)
        • Door Ajar Switch, Driver Side Rear Connector End View (C715)
        • Speaker, Right Rear Connector End View (C802)
        • Inline Connector end view (C810)
        • Door Ajar Switch, Passenger Side Rear Connector End View (C820)
        • Cargo Lamp Assembly Connector End View (C927)
        • Interior/Map Lamps Assembly, Front Connector End View (C931a)
        • Interior/Map Lamps Assembly, Front Connector End View (C931b)
        • Wiper High/Low Relay Connector End View (C1001)
        • Wiper Run/Park Relay Connector End View (C1002)
        • Windshield Washer Relay Connector End View (C1004)
        • Fog Lamp Relay Connector End View (C1007)
        • A/C Clutch Relay Connector End View (C1008)
        • Blower Motor Relay Connector End View (C1011)
        • PCM Power Relay Connector End View (C1016)
        • Starter Relay Connector End View (C1017)
        • PCM Power Diode Connector End View (C1018)
        • Headlamp, Left Connector End View (C1021)
        • Park/Turn Lamp, Left Front Connector End View (C1023)
        • Deactivator Switch Connector End View (C1025)
        • EVAP Canister Purge Valve Connector End View (C1029)
        • Daytime Running Lamps (DRL) Module Connector End View (C1030)
        • Heater Blower Motor Connector End View (C1031)
        • Heater Blower Motor Resistor, Front Connector End View (C1032)
        • Battery Junction Box (CJB) Connector End View (C1035)
        • Fog Lamp Isolation Relay Connector End View (C1038)
        • Headlamp, Right Connector End View (C1041)
        • Park/Turn Lamp, Right Front Connector End View (C1043)
        • Engine Cooling Fan Motor Connector End View (C1048)
        • Fuel Pump Relay Connector End View (C1051)
        • Engine Cooling Fan Relay Connector End View (C1055)
        • Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sender Connector End View (C1061)
        • Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor Connector End View (C1064)
        • Ignition Coil Connector End View (C1065)
        • Idle Air Control Valve (IAC) Connector End View (C1066)
        • Differential Pressure Feedback EGR (DPFE) Sensor Connector End View (C1068)
        • EGR Vacuum Regulator Solenoid Connector End View (C1072)
        • A/C High Pressure Switch Connector End View (C1078)
        • A/C Compressor Cycling Switch Connector End View (C1081)
        • Manifold Absolute Pressure (Map) Sensor Connector End View (C1087)
        • Battery Connector End View (C1100a)
        • Battery Connector End View (C1100b)
        • Output Shaft Speed (OSS) Sensor Connector End View (C1107)
        • Crankshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C1120)
        • Power Steering Pressure Switch Connector End View (C1121)
        • Side Lamp, Right Front Connector End View (C1126)
        • Side Lamp, Left Front Connector End View (C1127)
        • Ignition Coil Connector End View (C1134)
        • Ignition Coil Connector End View (C1136)
        • EGR Stepper Motor Connector End View (C1160)
        • Swirl Control Monitor Connector End View (C1161)
        • Electronic Thermostat Connector End View (C1162)
        • Swirl Control Solenoid Valve Connector End View (C1163)
        • Camshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C1180)
        • Fuel Injector 1 Connector End View (C1181)
        • Fuel Injector 2 Connector End View (C1182)
        • Fuel Injector 3 Connector End View (C1183)
        • Fuel Injector 4 Connector End View (C1184)
        • Fuel Injector 5 Connector End View (C1185)
        • Fuel Injector 6 Connector End View (C1186)
        • Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) Connector End View (C1189)
        • Trailer Tow Relay Connector End View (C1194)
        • Brake Shift Interlock Connector End View (C2008)
        • Parking Brake Switch Connector End View (C2015)
        • Interior Lamp Relay Connector End View (C2022)
        • Cigar Lighter, Front Connector End View (C2031a)
        • Cigar Lighter, Front Connector End View (C2031b)
        • Power Point Connector End View (C2033)
        • Restraints Control Module Connector End View (C2041)
        • Indicator Flasher Relay Connector End View (C2047)
        • Battery Saver Relay Connector End View (C2048)
        • One... Touch Window Relay Connector End View (C2051)
        • Window Safety Relay Connector End View (C2058)
        • Horn Relay Connector End View (C2077)
        • Passive Anti Theft Transceiver Connector End View (C2097)
        • Passenger Air Bag Deactivation (Pad) Switch Connector End View (C2099)
        • Generic Electronic Module (GEM) Connector End View (C2100a)
        • Generic Electronic Module (GEM) Connector End View (C2100b)
        • Inline Connector end view (C2101)
        • Inline Connector end view (C2102)
        • Clutch Triple Function Switch Jumper Connector End View (C2103)
        • Inline Connector end view (C2104)
        • Driver Safety Belt Retractor Pretensioner Connector End View (C3014)
        • Subwoofer Connector End View (C3020)
        • Subwoofer Amplifier Connector End View (C3041a)
        • Subwoofer Amplifier Connector End View (C3041b)
        • Subwoofer Amplifier Connector End View (C3041c)
        • 4X4 Mode Switch Connector End View (C3061)
        • Fuel Tank Unit Connector End View (C4033)
        • Fuel Tank Unit Connector End View (C4074)
  • Charging Systems
    • Charging System - (Generator & Regulators)
      • Description
      • Adjustments
        • Belt Tension
      • Trouble Shooting
      • On-Vehicle Testing
        • Battery Drain Test
        • Battery Drains That Shut Off When Battery Cable Is Disconnected Test
        • Generator Load Test
        • Generator No-Load Test
      • System Tests
        • Notes
        • Test A: Battery Is Discharged Or Voltage Is Low
        • Test B: Warning Indicator Is On With Engine Running, System Is Not Charging
        • Test C: System Overcharges (Battery Voltage Is Greater Than 15.5 Volts)
        • Test D: Warning Indicator Is On With Engine Running, System Is Charging
        • Test E: Warning Indicator Is Off With Ignition On
        • Test F: Warning Indicator Flickers Or Operates Intermittently
        • Test G: Generator Noisy
        • Test H: Radio Interference
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Generator
          • Removal & Installation (2.3L)
          • Removal & Installation (3.0L)
          • Removal & Installation (4.0L SOHC)
        • Voltage Regulator
          • Removal & Installation (3.0L)
      • Generator Specifications
      • Torque Specifications
      • Wiring Diagrams
        • 2002
        • 2003
    • Charging System (Battery, Mounting & Cables)
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Battery & Cables
      • Diagnosis & Testing
        • Battery
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Inspection & Verification
        • Pinpoint Tests
          • Pinpoint Test A: Battery Condition Test
      • General Procedures
        • Battery Disconnect
      • Removal & Installation
        • Battery
          • Removal & Installation
  • Component Locations
    • Diagnostic Connector (DLC) Locations
      • Domestic Cars
        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
      • Domestic Light Trucks & Vans
        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
      • Imported Cars & Trucks
        • ACURA
        • AUDI
        • BENTLEY
        • BMW
        • DAIHATSU
        • CHRYSLER Group LLC
        • FERRARI
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
        • HONDA
        • HYUNDAI
        • INFINITI
        • ISUZU
        • Jaguar
        • KIA
        • Land Rover
        • LEXUS
        • MAZDA
        • MERCEDES-BENZ
        • MITSUBISHI
        • NISSAN
        • PEUGEOT
        • PORSCHE
        • RENAULT
        • Rolls-ROYCE
        • SAAB
        • SUBARU
        • SUZUKI
        • TOYOTA
        • VOLKSWAGEN
        • VOLVO
    • Electrical Component Locator
      • Buzzers, Relays & Timers
      • Circuit Protection Devices
      • Control Units
      • Motors
      • Sending Units & Sensors
      • Solenoids & Solenoid Valves
      • Switches
      • Miscellaneous
      • Connectors
      • Grounds
      • Splices
      • Component Location Graphics
  • Fuses & Circuit Breakers
    • Identification
      • Notes
      • Auxiliary Relay Box 1
      • Battery Junction Box (BJB)
      • Central Junction Box (CJB)
      • Fusible Links
  • Gauges
    • Instrument Cluster System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Instrument Cluster
      • Diagnosis & Testing
        • Instrument Cluster
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles Of Operation
          • Printed Circuit
          • Gauge Indication Systems
            • Notes
            • Instrument Cluster Gauge Amplifier/Check Gauge Module
            • Fuel Sending Unit
            • Water Temperature Indicator Sender Unit
            • Oil Pressure Indicator Sender Unit
            • Charge Indicator System
            • Speedometer
            • Odometer
            • Trip Odometer
            • Tachometer
          • Warning Indicators
            • Brake System
            • Charge System Warning Indicator
            • Check Engine Light
            • Air Bag
            • Safety Belt
            • Low Fuel
            • Door Ajar
            • High Beam
            • Overdrive Off
            • Anti-Theft
            • Speed Control
            • Check Fuel Cap
            • Check Gauge
        • Inspection & Verification
        • Generic Electronic Module (Gem) Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
        • 4-Wheel Drive (4WD) Control Module Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
        • Symptom Chart
        • Pinpoint Tests
          • Pinpoint Test A: Incorrect Fuel Gauge Indication
          • Pinpoint Test B: Incorrect Temperature Gauge Indication
          • Pinpoint Test C: Incorrect Oil Pressure Gauge Indication
          • Pinpoint Test D: Inaccurate Speedometer Reading
          • Pinpoint Test E: The Speedometer/Odometer Is Inoperative
          • Pinpoint Test F: The Tachometer Is Inoperative
          • Pinpoint Test G: Incorrect Tachometer Indication
          • Pinpoint Test H: The Charge System Warning Indicator Is Never On
          • Pinpoint Test I: The Anti-Lock Brake Warning Indicator Is Inoperative
          • Pinpoint Test J: The Check Fuel Cap Indicator Is Inoperative
          • Pinpoint Test K: The High Beam Indicator Is Inoperative
          • Pinpoint Test L: The Check Engine/Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL) Indicator Is Inoperative
          • Pinpoint Test M: The LH Turn Signal Indicator Is Inoperative
          • Pinpoint Test N: The Rh Turn Signal Indicator Is Inoperative
          • Pinpoint Test O: The O/D Off Indicator Is Inoperative
          • Pinpoint Test P: The Speed Control Indicator Is Never On
          • Pinpoint Test Q: The Brake Warning Indicator Is Inoperative
          • Pinpoint Test R: The Check Gauge Indicator Is Inoperative
          • Pinpoint Test S: The Door Ajar Indicator Does Not Operate Correctly
          • Pinpoint Test T: The Safety Belt Warning Indicator Does Not Operate Correctly
          • Pinpoint Test U: The 4X4 High, 4X4 Low Indicator Is Inoperative
          • Pinpoint Test V: The Air Bag Indicator Is Inoperative
        • Component Tests
          • Gauge Test - Magnetic Gauge Test
        • Gauge Test - Engine Coolant Temperature Gauge
        • Gauge Test - Oil Pressure Gauge/Oil Pressure Switch
        • Gauge Test - Odometer Accuracy Test
      • Removal & Installation
        • Warning Indicator Bulb
          • Removal & Installation
        • Instrument Cluster Printed Circuit
          • Removal & Installation
        • Instrument Cluster
          • Removal & Installation
        • Cluster Lens
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Gauges
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • Instrument Cluster System & Panel Illumination - Ranger
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Instrument Cluster & Panel Illumination
      • Diagnosis And Testing
        • Instrument Cluster & Panel Illumination
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection & Verification
        • Symptom Chart
        • Pinpoint Tests
          • Pinpoint Test A: The Control Illumination Is Inoperative
          • Pinpoint Test B: The Instrument Cluster Illumination Is Inoperative
          • Pinpoint Test C: The Climate Control Illumination Is Inoperative
          • Pinpoint Test D: The Audio System Illumination Is Inoperative
          • Pinpoint Test E: A Single Illumination Source Is Inoperative - Headlamp Switch
          • Pinpoint Test F: A Single Illumination Source Is Inoperative - 4WD Mode Switch
          • Pinpoint Test G: A Single Illumination Source Is Inoperative - Fog Lamp Switch
          • Pinpoint Test H: A Single Illumination Source Is Inoperative - Speed Control Actuator Switches
      • Removal & Installation
        • Switch
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Bulb - Instrument Cluster
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Bulb - Climate Control
          • Removal & Installation
    • Instrument Panel And Console
      • Specifications
      • Description And Operation
        • Instrument Panel
        • Console - Floor
      • Removal And Installation
        • Instrument Panel
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
        • Console - Floor
          • Removal
          • Installation
  • Horns
    • Horn System
      • Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Horn
      • Diagnosis & Testing
        • Horn
          • Notes
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Principles Of Operation
        • Inspection & Verification
        • Symptom Chart
        • Pinpoint Tests
          • Pinpoint Test A: The Horn Does Not Sound
          • Pinpoint Test B: The Horn Sounds Continuously
  • Motors, Switches, Relays
    • OEM Connector End Views
      • Connector End Views
        • A/C Clutch Solenoid Connector End View (C100)
        • Crankshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C101)
        • Generator Connector End View (C102a)
        • Generator Connector End View (C102b)
        • Generator Connector End View (C102c)
        • Oil Pressure Switch Connector End View (C103)
        • Cylinder... Head Temperature Sensor Connector End View (C107)
        • Knock Sensor Connector End View (C108)
        • Knock Sensor Connector End View (C109)
        • Inline Connector end view (C110)
        • Speed Control Servo Connector End View (C122)
        • Brake Fluid Level Switch Connector End View (C124)
        • Windshield Wiper Motor Connector End View (C125)
        • Mass Air Flow (Maf) Sensor Connector End View (C128)
        • Horn Connector End View (C131)
        • ABS Control Module Connector End View (C135)
        • Windshield Washer Pump Motor Connector End View (C137)
        • Inline Connector end view (C139)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #12 Connector End View (C142)
        • Inline Connector end view (C144)
        • Inline Connector end view (C146)
        • Wheel Speed Sensor, Left Front Connector End View (C150)
        • Fog Lamp, Left Front Connector End View (C152)
        • Wheel Speed Sensor, Right Front Connector End View (C160)
        • Fog Lamp, Right Front Connector End View (C162)
        • Intermediate Shaft Speed (ISS) Sensor Connector End View (C164)
        • Digital Transmission Range (DTR) Sensor Connector End View (C167)
        • 5R44E Transmission Connector End View (C168)
        • Reversing Lamps Switch Connector End View (C169)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #11 Connector End View (C171)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #21 Connector End View (C172)
        • Ignition Transformer Capacitor 1 Connector End View (C174)
        • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector End View (C175)
        • Camshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C180)
        • Fuel Injector 1 Connector End View (C181)
        • Fuel Injector 2 Connector End View (C182)
        • Fuel Injector Connector End View (C183)
        • Fuel Injector 4 Connector End View (C184)
        • Fuel Injector 5 Connector End View (C185)
        • Fuel Injector 6 Connector End View (C186)
        • Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) Connector End View (C189)
        • Output Shaft Speed (OSS) Sensor Connector End View (C193)
        • Starter Motor Connector End View (C197a)
        • Starter Motor Connector End View (C197b)
        • 5R55E Transmission Connector End View (C199)
        • Multifunction Switch Connector End View (C202a)
        • Multifunction Switch Connector End View (C202b)
        • Main Light Switch Connector End View (C205)
        • Instrument Panel Dimming Module Connector End View (C206)
        • Inline Connector end view (C210)
        • Inline Connector end view (C211)
        • Inline Connector end view (C212)
        • Inline Connector end view (C213)
        • Inline Connector end view (C214)
        • Inline Connector end view (C215)
        • Air Bag Sliding Contact Connector End View (C218a)
        • Air Bag Sliding Contact Connector End View (C218b)
        • Inline Connector end view (C219)
        • Instrument Cluster Connector End View (C220a)
        • Instrument Cluster Connector End View (C220b)
        • Instrument Cluster Connector End View (C220c)
        • Fog Lamp Switch Connector End View (C240)
        • Ignition Switch Connector End View (C250)
        • Data Link Connector (DLC) Connector End View (C251)
        • Glove Box Lamp Connector End View (C254)
        • Passenger Air Bag Module Connector End View (C256)
        • Clutch Pedal Position Switch Connector End View (C257)
        • Central Security Module Connector End View (C274a)
        • Central Security Module Connector End View (C274b)
        • Brake Pedal Position Switch Connector End View (C278)
        • Transmission Control Switch Connector End View (C279)
        • Four... Wheel Drive Control Module Connector End View (C281a)
        • Four... Wheel Drive Control Module Connector End View (C281b)
        • Inertia Fuel Shutoff (IFS) Switch Connector End View (C282)
        • Four... Wheel Drive Switch Connector End View (284)
        • Audio Unit Connector End View (C290a)
        • Audio Unit Connector End View (C290b)
        • Audio Unit Connector End View (C290c)
        • Function Selector Switch Assembly Front Connector End View (C294a)
        • Function Selector Switch Assembly Front Connector End View (C294b)
        • Inline Connector end view (C300)
        • Passenger Safety Belt Retractor Pretensioner Connector End View (C303)
        • Safety Belt Buckle Switch Connector End View (C323)
        • Inline Connector end view (C340)
        • Gearmotor Encoder Assembly Connector End View (C350)
        • Park/Stop/Turn Lamp, Left Rear Connector End View (C412)
        • Park/Stop/Turn Lamp, Right Rear Connector End View (C415)
        • Inline Connector end view (C421)
        • Fuel Tank Pressure Transducer Sensor Connector End View (C435)
        • Trailer Tow Connector End View (C439)
        • Evaporative Emission (EVAP) Canister Vent Valve Connector End View (C450)
        • Reversing Lamp, For Connector End View (C451)
        • License Plate Lamp, Left Connector End View (C454)
        • Rear Axle Speed Sensor Connector End View (C455)
        • Reversing Lamp, Right Connector End View (C461)
        • License Plate Lamp, Right Connector End View (464)
        • Master Window Adjust Switch Connector End View (C504)
        • Door Lock Switch, Driver Side Connector End View (C505)
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror, Left Connector End View (C522)
        • Speaker, Left Front Connector End View (C523)
        • Power Window Motor, Driver Side Front Connector End View (C524)
        • Door Lock Actuator, Left Front Connector End View (C525)
        • Door Ajar Switch, Left Front Connector End View (C526)
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror Switch Connector End View (C527)
        • Door Ajar Switch Right Front Connector End View (C602)
        • Door Lock Actuator, Right Front Connector End View (C603)
        • Window Adjust Switch, Passenger Side Connector End View (C604)
        • Door Lock Switch, Passenger Side Connector End View (C605)
        • Power Window Motor, Passenger Side Front Connector End View (C608)
        • Speaker, Right Front Connector End View (C612)
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror, Right Connector End View (C622)
        • Speaker, Left Rear Connector End View (C702)
        • Inline Connector end view (C710)
        • Door Ajar Switch, Driver Side Rear Connector End View (C715)
        • Speaker, Right Rear Connector End View (C802)
        • Inline Connector end view (C810)
        • Door Ajar Switch, Passenger Side Rear Connector End View (C820)
        • Cargo Lamp Assembly Connector End View (C927)
        • Interior/Map Lamps Assembly, Front Connector End View (C931a)
        • Interior/Map Lamps Assembly, Front Connector End View (C931b)
        • Wiper High/Low Relay Connector End View (C1001)
        • Wiper Run/Park Relay Connector End View (C1002)
        • Windshield Washer Relay Connector End View (C1004)
        • Fog Lamp Relay Connector End View (C1007)
        • A/C Clutch Relay Connector End View (C1008)
        • Blower Motor Relay Connector End View (C1011)
        • PCM Power Relay Connector End View (C1016)
        • Starter Relay Connector End View (C1017)
        • PCM Power Diode Connector End View (C1018)
        • Headlamp, Left Connector End View (C1021)
        • Park/Turn Lamp, Left Front Connector End View (C1023)
        • Deactivator Switch Connector End View (C1025)
        • EVAP Canister Purge Valve Connector End View (C1029)
        • Daytime Running Lamps (DRL) Module Connector End View (C1030)
        • Heater Blower Motor Connector End View (C1031)
        • Heater Blower Motor Resistor, Front Connector End View (C1032)
        • Battery Junction Box (CJB) Connector End View (C1035)
        • Fog Lamp Isolation Relay Connector End View (C1038)
        • Headlamp, Right Connector End View (C1041)
        • Park/Turn Lamp, Right Front Connector End View (C1043)
        • Engine Cooling Fan Motor Connector End View (C1048)
        • Fuel Pump Relay Connector End View (C1051)
        • Engine Cooling Fan Relay Connector End View (C1055)
        • Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sender Connector End View (C1061)
        • Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor Connector End View (C1064)
        • Ignition Coil Connector End View (C1065)
        • Idle Air Control Valve (IAC) Connector End View (C1066)
        • Differential Pressure Feedback EGR (DPFE) Sensor Connector End View (C1068)
        • EGR Vacuum Regulator Solenoid Connector End View (C1072)
        • A/C High Pressure Switch Connector End View (C1078)
        • A/C Compressor Cycling Switch Connector End View (C1081)
        • Manifold Absolute Pressure (Map) Sensor Connector End View (C1087)
        • Battery Connector End View (C1100a)
        • Battery Connector End View (C1100b)
        • Output Shaft Speed (OSS) Sensor Connector End View (C1107)
        • Crankshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C1120)
        • Power Steering Pressure Switch Connector End View (C1121)
        • Side Lamp, Right Front Connector End View (C1126)
        • Side Lamp, Left Front Connector End View (C1127)
        • Ignition Coil Connector End View (C1134)
        • Ignition Coil Connector End View (C1136)
        • EGR Stepper Motor Connector End View (C1160)
        • Swirl Control Monitor Connector End View (C1161)
        • Electronic Thermostat Connector End View (C1162)
        • Swirl Control Solenoid Valve Connector End View (C1163)
        • Camshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C1180)
        • Fuel Injector 1 Connector End View (C1181)
        • Fuel Injector 2 Connector End View (C1182)
        • Fuel Injector 3 Connector End View (C1183)
        • Fuel Injector 4 Connector End View (C1184)
        • Fuel Injector 5 Connector End View (C1185)
        • Fuel Injector 6 Connector End View (C1186)
        • Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) Connector End View (C1189)
        • Trailer Tow Relay Connector End View (C1194)
        • Brake Shift Interlock Connector End View (C2008)
        • Parking Brake Switch Connector End View (C2015)
        • Interior Lamp Relay Connector End View (C2022)
        • Cigar Lighter, Front Connector End View (C2031a)
        • Cigar Lighter, Front Connector End View (C2031b)
        • Power Point Connector End View (C2033)
        • Restraints Control Module Connector End View (C2041)
        • Indicator Flasher Relay Connector End View (C2047)
        • Battery Saver Relay Connector End View (C2048)
        • One... Touch Window Relay Connector End View (C2051)
        • Window Safety Relay Connector End View (C2058)
        • Horn Relay Connector End View (C2077)
        • Passive Anti Theft Transceiver Connector End View (C2097)
        • Passenger Air Bag Deactivation (Pad) Switch Connector End View (C2099)
        • Generic Electronic Module (GEM) Connector End View (C2100a)
        • Generic Electronic Module (GEM) Connector End View (C2100b)
        • Inline Connector end view (C2101)
        • Inline Connector end view (C2102)
        • Clutch Triple Function Switch Jumper Connector End View (C2103)
        • Inline Connector end view (C2104)
        • Driver Safety Belt Retractor Pretensioner Connector End View (C3014)
        • Subwoofer Connector End View (C3020)
        • Subwoofer Amplifier Connector End View (C3041a)
        • Subwoofer Amplifier Connector End View (C3041b)
        • Subwoofer Amplifier Connector End View (C3041c)
        • 4X4 Mode Switch Connector End View (C3061)
        • Fuel Tank Unit Connector End View (C4033)
        • Fuel Tank Unit Connector End View (C4074)
  • Starter
    • Starting System
      • Description
      • Component Locations
      • Adjustments
        • Digital Transmission Range Sensor
      • Trouble Shooting
      • System Tests
        • Notes
        • Test A: Engine Does Not Crank
        • Test B: Unusual Starter Noise
      • On-Vehicle Testing
        • Notes
        • Voltage Drop Test
        • Starter Ground Circuit Test
      • Removal & Installation
        • Starter Motor
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (2.3L)
          • Removal & Installation (3.0L)
          • Removal & Installation (4.0L)
      • Starter Specifications
      • Torque Specifications
      • Wiring Diagrams
  • Wiring Diagrams
    • OEM Connector End Views
      • Connector End Views
        • A/C Clutch Solenoid Connector End View (C100)
        • Crankshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C101)
        • Generator Connector End View (C102a)
        • Generator Connector End View (C102b)
        • Generator Connector End View (C102c)
        • Oil Pressure Switch Connector End View (C103)
        • Cylinder... Head Temperature Sensor Connector End View (C107)
        • Knock Sensor Connector End View (C108)
        • Knock Sensor Connector End View (C109)
        • Inline Connector end view (C110)
        • Speed Control Servo Connector End View (C122)
        • Brake Fluid Level Switch Connector End View (C124)
        • Windshield Wiper Motor Connector End View (C125)
        • Mass Air Flow (Maf) Sensor Connector End View (C128)
        • Horn Connector End View (C131)
        • ABS Control Module Connector End View (C135)
        • Windshield Washer Pump Motor Connector End View (C137)
        • Inline Connector end view (C139)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #12 Connector End View (C142)
        • Inline Connector end view (C144)
        • Inline Connector end view (C146)
        • Wheel Speed Sensor, Left Front Connector End View (C150)
        • Fog Lamp, Left Front Connector End View (C152)
        • Wheel Speed Sensor, Right Front Connector End View (C160)
        • Fog Lamp, Right Front Connector End View (C162)
        • Intermediate Shaft Speed (ISS) Sensor Connector End View (C164)
        • Digital Transmission Range (DTR) Sensor Connector End View (C167)
        • 5R44E Transmission Connector End View (C168)
        • Reversing Lamps Switch Connector End View (C169)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #11 Connector End View (C171)
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) #21 Connector End View (C172)
        • Ignition Transformer Capacitor 1 Connector End View (C174)
        • Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector End View (C175)
        • Camshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C180)
        • Fuel Injector 1 Connector End View (C181)
        • Fuel Injector 2 Connector End View (C182)
        • Fuel Injector Connector End View (C183)
        • Fuel Injector 4 Connector End View (C184)
        • Fuel Injector 5 Connector End View (C185)
        • Fuel Injector 6 Connector End View (C186)
        • Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) Connector End View (C189)
        • Output Shaft Speed (OSS) Sensor Connector End View (C193)
        • Starter Motor Connector End View (C197a)
        • Starter Motor Connector End View (C197b)
        • 5R55E Transmission Connector End View (C199)
        • Multifunction Switch Connector End View (C202a)
        • Multifunction Switch Connector End View (C202b)
        • Main Light Switch Connector End View (C205)
        • Instrument Panel Dimming Module Connector End View (C206)
        • Inline Connector end view (C210)
        • Inline Connector end view (C211)
        • Inline Connector end view (C212)
        • Inline Connector end view (C213)
        • Inline Connector end view (C214)
        • Inline Connector end view (C215)
        • Air Bag Sliding Contact Connector End View (C218a)
        • Air Bag Sliding Contact Connector End View (C218b)
        • Inline Connector end view (C219)
        • Instrument Cluster Connector End View (C220a)
        • Instrument Cluster Connector End View (C220b)
        • Instrument Cluster Connector End View (C220c)
        • Fog Lamp Switch Connector End View (C240)
        • Ignition Switch Connector End View (C250)
        • Data Link Connector (DLC) Connector End View (C251)
        • Glove Box Lamp Connector End View (C254)
        • Passenger Air Bag Module Connector End View (C256)
        • Clutch Pedal Position Switch Connector End View (C257)
        • Central Security Module Connector End View (C274a)
        • Central Security Module Connector End View (C274b)
        • Brake Pedal Position Switch Connector End View (C278)
        • Transmission Control Switch Connector End View (C279)
        • Four... Wheel Drive Control Module Connector End View (C281a)
        • Four... Wheel Drive Control Module Connector End View (C281b)
        • Inertia Fuel Shutoff (IFS) Switch Connector End View (C282)
        • Four... Wheel Drive Switch Connector End View (284)
        • Audio Unit Connector End View (C290a)
        • Audio Unit Connector End View (C290b)
        • Audio Unit Connector End View (C290c)
        • Function Selector Switch Assembly Front Connector End View (C294a)
        • Function Selector Switch Assembly Front Connector End View (C294b)
        • Inline Connector end view (C300)
        • Passenger Safety Belt Retractor Pretensioner Connector End View (C303)
        • Safety Belt Buckle Switch Connector End View (C323)
        • Inline Connector end view (C340)
        • Gearmotor Encoder Assembly Connector End View (C350)
        • Park/Stop/Turn Lamp, Left Rear Connector End View (C412)
        • Park/Stop/Turn Lamp, Right Rear Connector End View (C415)
        • Inline Connector end view (C421)
        • Fuel Tank Pressure Transducer Sensor Connector End View (C435)
        • Trailer Tow Connector End View (C439)
        • Evaporative Emission (EVAP) Canister Vent Valve Connector End View (C450)
        • Reversing Lamp, For Connector End View (C451)
        • License Plate Lamp, Left Connector End View (C454)
        • Rear Axle Speed Sensor Connector End View (C455)
        • Reversing Lamp, Right Connector End View (C461)
        • License Plate Lamp, Right Connector End View (464)
        • Master Window Adjust Switch Connector End View (C504)
        • Door Lock Switch, Driver Side Connector End View (C505)
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror, Left Connector End View (C522)
        • Speaker, Left Front Connector End View (C523)
        • Power Window Motor, Driver Side Front Connector End View (C524)
        • Door Lock Actuator, Left Front Connector End View (C525)
        • Door Ajar Switch, Left Front Connector End View (C526)
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror Switch Connector End View (C527)
        • Door Ajar Switch Right Front Connector End View (C602)
        • Door Lock Actuator, Right Front Connector End View (C603)
        • Window Adjust Switch, Passenger Side Connector End View (C604)
        • Door Lock Switch, Passenger Side Connector End View (C605)
        • Power Window Motor, Passenger Side Front Connector End View (C608)
        • Speaker, Right Front Connector End View (C612)
        • Exterior Rear View Mirror, Right Connector End View (C622)
        • Speaker, Left Rear Connector End View (C702)
        • Inline Connector end view (C710)
        • Door Ajar Switch, Driver Side Rear Connector End View (C715)
        • Speaker, Right Rear Connector End View (C802)
        • Inline Connector end view (C810)
        • Door Ajar Switch, Passenger Side Rear Connector End View (C820)
        • Cargo Lamp Assembly Connector End View (C927)
        • Interior/Map Lamps Assembly, Front Connector End View (C931a)
        • Interior/Map Lamps Assembly, Front Connector End View (C931b)
        • Wiper High/Low Relay Connector End View (C1001)
        • Wiper Run/Park Relay Connector End View (C1002)
        • Windshield Washer Relay Connector End View (C1004)
        • Fog Lamp Relay Connector End View (C1007)
        • A/C Clutch Relay Connector End View (C1008)
        • Blower Motor Relay Connector End View (C1011)
        • PCM Power Relay Connector End View (C1016)
        • Starter Relay Connector End View (C1017)
        • PCM Power Diode Connector End View (C1018)
        • Headlamp, Left Connector End View (C1021)
        • Park/Turn Lamp, Left Front Connector End View (C1023)
        • Deactivator Switch Connector End View (C1025)
        • EVAP Canister Purge Valve Connector End View (C1029)
        • Daytime Running Lamps (DRL) Module Connector End View (C1030)
        • Heater Blower Motor Connector End View (C1031)
        • Heater Blower Motor Resistor, Front Connector End View (C1032)
        • Battery Junction Box (CJB) Connector End View (C1035)
        • Fog Lamp Isolation Relay Connector End View (C1038)
        • Headlamp, Right Connector End View (C1041)
        • Park/Turn Lamp, Right Front Connector End View (C1043)
        • Engine Cooling Fan Motor Connector End View (C1048)
        • Fuel Pump Relay Connector End View (C1051)
        • Engine Cooling Fan Relay Connector End View (C1055)
        • Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sender Connector End View (C1061)
        • Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor Connector End View (C1064)
        • Ignition Coil Connector End View (C1065)
        • Idle Air Control Valve (IAC) Connector End View (C1066)
        • Differential Pressure Feedback EGR (DPFE) Sensor Connector End View (C1068)
        • EGR Vacuum Regulator Solenoid Connector End View (C1072)
        • A/C High Pressure Switch Connector End View (C1078)
        • A/C Compressor Cycling Switch Connector End View (C1081)
        • Manifold Absolute Pressure (Map) Sensor Connector End View (C1087)
        • Battery Connector End View (C1100a)
        • Battery Connector End View (C1100b)
        • Output Shaft Speed (OSS) Sensor Connector End View (C1107)
        • Crankshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C1120)
        • Power Steering Pressure Switch Connector End View (C1121)
        • Side Lamp, Right Front Connector End View (C1126)
        • Side Lamp, Left Front Connector End View (C1127)
        • Ignition Coil Connector End View (C1134)
        • Ignition Coil Connector End View (C1136)
        • EGR Stepper Motor Connector End View (C1160)
        • Swirl Control Monitor Connector End View (C1161)
        • Electronic Thermostat Connector End View (C1162)
        • Swirl Control Solenoid Valve Connector End View (C1163)
        • Camshaft Position Sensor Connector End View (C1180)
        • Fuel Injector 1 Connector End View (C1181)
        • Fuel Injector 2 Connector End View (C1182)
        • Fuel Injector 3 Connector End View (C1183)
        • Fuel Injector 4 Connector End View (C1184)
        • Fuel Injector 5 Connector End View (C1185)
        • Fuel Injector 6 Connector End View (C1186)
        • Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) Connector End View (C1189)
        • Trailer Tow Relay Connector End View (C1194)
        • Brake Shift Interlock Connector End View (C2008)
        • Parking Brake Switch Connector End View (C2015)
        • Interior Lamp Relay Connector End View (C2022)
        • Cigar Lighter, Front Connector End View (C2031a)
        • Cigar Lighter, Front Connector End View (C2031b)
        • Power Point Connector End View (C2033)
        • Restraints Control Module Connector End View (C2041)
        • Indicator Flasher Relay Connector End View (C2047)
        • Battery Saver Relay Connector End View (C2048)
        • One... Touch Window Relay Connector End View (C2051)
        • Window Safety Relay Connector End View (C2058)
        • Horn Relay Connector End View (C2077)
        • Passive Anti Theft Transceiver Connector End View (C2097)
        • Passenger Air Bag Deactivation (Pad) Switch Connector End View (C2099)
        • Generic Electronic Module (GEM) Connector End View (C2100a)
        • Generic Electronic Module (GEM) Connector End View (C2100b)
        • Inline Connector end view (C2101)
        • Inline Connector end view (C2102)
        • Clutch Triple Function Switch Jumper Connector End View (C2103)
        • Inline Connector end view (C2104)
        • Driver Safety Belt Retractor Pretensioner Connector End View (C3014)
        • Subwoofer Connector End View (C3020)
        • Subwoofer Amplifier Connector End View (C3041a)
        • Subwoofer Amplifier Connector End View (C3041b)
        • Subwoofer Amplifier Connector End View (C3041c)
        • 4X4 Mode Switch Connector End View (C3061)
        • Fuel Tank Unit Connector End View (C4033)
        • Fuel Tank Unit Connector End View (C4074)
    • System Wiring Diagrams
      • Using lemon2025'S Wiring Diagrams
      • Air Conditioning
      • Anti-Lock Brakes
      • Anti-Theft
      • Body Control Modules
      • Computer Data Lines
      • Cooling Fan
        • 2.3L
      • Cruise Control
      • Engine Performance
        • 2.3L
        • 3.0L
        • 4.0L
      • Exterior Lights
      • Ground Distribution
      • Headlights
      • Horn
      • Instrument Cluster
      • Interior Lights
      • Power Distribution
      • Power Door Locks
      • Power Mirrors
      • Power Windows
      • Radio
      • Shift Interlock
      • Starting/Charging
      • Supplemental Restraints
      • Transmission
        • Notes
        • 2.3L
        • 3.0L
        • 4.0L
      • Warning Systems
      • Wiper/Washer
    • Using lemon2025'S System Wiring Diagrams
      • Introduction
      • Wiring Diagram Features And Controls
      • Wiring Diagram Color Abbreviations
      • Wiring Diagram Symbols
      • Wiring Diagram Ground Number Locations
      • Wiring Diagram Component Locations
• Engine Mechanical
  • Accessory Drive Belts
    • Cooling System Specifications & Drive Belt Routing
      • Belt Adjustment
        • Notes
        • Belt Tension Adjustment Specifications (Villager)
        • Belt Tension Adjustment Specifications (Except Villager)
      • Drive Belt Routing
        • Notes
        • Drive Belt Routing (ECONOLINE & F150 Pickup - 4.2L)
        • Drive Belt Routing (BLACKWOOD, ECONOLINE, Excursion, Expedition, F150-550 Pickup & Navigator 4.6L, 5.4L & 6.8L With A/C, & Explorer & Mountaineer 4.6L)
        • Drive Belt Routing (ECONOLINE - 7.3L)
        • Drive Belt Routing (Escape - 2.0L)
        • Drive Belt Routing (Excursion & F250-550 Pickup 7.3L Diesel)
        • Drive Belt Routing (Explorer, Explorer Sport, Explorer Sport TRAC, Mountaineer & Ranger - 4.0L SOHC With A/C)
        • Drive Belt Routing (F150 Lightning 5.4L SC)
        • Ranger - Except 4.0L SOHC With A/C
          • Drive Belt Routing (Ranger - 2.3L)
          • Drive Belt Routing (Ranger - 3.0L)
          • Drive Belt Routing (Ranger - 4.0L SOHC)
        • Drive Belt Routing (Villager - 3.3L With A/C)
        • Drive Belt Routing (Windstar - 3.8L)
      • Cooling System Specifications
        • Coolant Replacement Interval
        • Cooling System Specifications (BLACKWOOD)
        • Cooling System Specifications (ECONOLINE)
        • Cooling System Specifications (Expedition & Navigator)
        • Cooling System Specifications (Excursion & F250-550 Pickups)
        • Cooling System Specifications (Escape)
        • Explorer, Explorer Sport, Explorer Sport TRAC, Mountaineer
        • Cooling System Specifications (F150 Pickup)
        • Cooling System Specifications (Ranger)
        • Cooling System Specifications (Villager)
        • Cooling System Specifications (WINDSTAR)
  • Auxiliary Emission Control Systems
    • Emission Control System Visual Inspection Procedures - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Emission Control Labels
      • Emission Control Visual Inspection
        • Notes
        • Positive Crankcase Ventilation (PCV)
        • Thermostatic Air Cleaner (TAC)
        • Fuel Evaporative System (EVAP)
        • Catalytic Converters
          • Oxidation Catalyst (OC)
          • Three-Way Catalyst (TWC)
          • Three-Way Catalyst + Oxidation Catalyst (TWC + OC)
        • Fill Pipe RESTRICTOR (Fr)
        • Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION (EGR) System
          • Single Diaphragm EGR Valve
          • Dual Diaphragm EGR Valve
          • Positive Backpressure EGR (BP/EGR) Valve
          • Negative Backpressure EGR (BP/EGR) Valve
          • Digital EGR Valve
          • Integrated Electronic EGR Valve
        • Spark Controls (SPK)
        • Air Injection System (AIS)
          • Air Pump Injection System (AP)
          • Pulsed Secondary Air Injection (PAIR) System
        • Oxygen Sensor (O2)
        • Computerized Engine Controls (CEC)
        • Early Fuel Evaporation (EFE)
        • Emission Maintenance Reminder Light (EMR) (If Equipped)
        • Malfunction Indicator Light (Mil)
  • Electric Cooling Fans
    • Description & Operation
    • Component Locations
    • Trouble Shooting
      • Notes
      • Preliminary Inspection
    • Diagnostic System
    • Removal & Installation
      • Fan Assembly
        • Removal & Installation
    • Torque Specifications
    • Wiring Diagrams
      • 2002
      • 2003
      • 2004
  • Cooling System (Mechanical)
    • Cooling System Specifications & Drive Belt Routing
      • Belt Adjustment
        • Notes
        • Belt Tension Adjustment Specifications (Villager)
        • Belt Tension Adjustment Specifications (Except Villager)
      • Drive Belt Routing
        • Notes
        • Drive Belt Routing (ECONOLINE & F150 Pickup - 4.2L)
        • Drive Belt Routing (BLACKWOOD, ECONOLINE, Excursion, Expedition, F150-550 Pickup & Navigator 4.6L, 5.4L & 6.8L With A/C, & Explorer & Mountaineer 4.6L)
        • Drive Belt Routing (ECONOLINE - 7.3L)
        • Drive Belt Routing (Escape - 2.0L)
        • Drive Belt Routing (Excursion & F250-550 Pickup 7.3L Diesel)
        • Drive Belt Routing (Explorer, Explorer Sport, Explorer Sport TRAC, Mountaineer & Ranger - 4.0L SOHC With A/C)
        • Drive Belt Routing (F150 Lightning 5.4L SC)
        • Ranger - Except 4.0L SOHC With A/C
          • Drive Belt Routing (Ranger - 2.3L)
          • Drive Belt Routing (Ranger - 3.0L)
          • Drive Belt Routing (Ranger - 4.0L SOHC)
        • Drive Belt Routing (Villager - 3.3L With A/C)
        • Drive Belt Routing (Windstar - 3.8L)
      • Cooling System Specifications
        • Coolant Replacement Interval
        • Cooling System Specifications (BLACKWOOD)
        • Cooling System Specifications (ECONOLINE)
        • Cooling System Specifications (Expedition & Navigator)
        • Cooling System Specifications (Excursion & F250-550 Pickups)
        • Cooling System Specifications (Escape)
        • Explorer, Explorer Sport, Explorer Sport TRAC, Mountaineer
        • Cooling System Specifications (F150 Pickup)
        • Cooling System Specifications (Ranger)
        • Cooling System Specifications (Villager)
        • Cooling System Specifications (WINDSTAR)
    • Engine Cooling System
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Engine Cooling
      • Diagnosis & Testing
        • Engine Cooling
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Inspection & Verification
        • Symptom Chart
        • Pinpoint Tests
          • Pinpoint Test A: Loss Of Coolant
          • Pinpoint Test B: The Engine Overheats
          • Pinpoint Test C: The Engine Does Not Reach Normal Operating Temperature
        • Component Tests
          • Pressure Test
          • Cap
        • Thermostat - Water
        • Thermostat - Electrical Test
        • Thermostat - Mechanical Test, 3.0L & 4.0L Engines
        • Radiator Leak Test, Removed From Vehicle
        • Fan Clutch Test
          • Notes
          • Fan Clutch Test - Minimum Speed Requirement
          • Fan Clutch Test - Maximum Speed Requirement
      • General Procedures
        • Cooling System Draining, Filling & Bleeding - 2.3L
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Partial Drain
          • Complete Drain
          • Filling & Bleeding With RADKITPLUS
          • Filling & Bleeding Without RADKITPLUS
        • Cooling System Draining, Filling & Bleeding - 3.0L & 4.0L
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Draining
          • Filling & Bleeding With RADKITPLUS
          • Filling Without RADKITPLUS
          • Bleeding Without RADKITPLUS
        • Engine & Radiator Flushing
          • Material
        • Heater Core BACKFLUSHING
          • Material
      • Removal & Installation
        • Block Heater
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Thermostat - Water, 3.0L
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Thermostat - Water, 4.0L
          • Removal & Installation
        • Thermostat Housing - 2.3L
          • Removal & Installation
        • Bypass Tube - 3.0L
          • Removal & Installation
        • Water Pump - 2.3L
          • Material
          • Removal & Installation
        • Water Pump - 3.0L
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Water Pump - 4.0L
          • Removal & Installation
        • Radiator - 2.3L
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Radiator - 3.0L & 4.0L
          • Removal & Installation
        • Fan - Blade & Clutch, 2.3L
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Fan - Blade
          • Removal & Installation
        • Cooling Fan Motor & Shroud - 2.3L
          • Removal & Installation
        • Shroud - 3.0L & 4.0L
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal & Installation
        • Hose - 2.3L Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION (EGR) Valve Heater Hose
          • Removal & Installation
        • Water Bypass Hose - 2.3L
          • Removal & Installation
        • Coolant Outlet Pipe - 2.3L, Front
          • Removal & Installation
        • Coolant Outlet Pipe - 2.3L, Rear
          • Removal & Installation
        • Degas Bottle - 2.3L
          • Removal & Installation
        • Coolant Expansion Tank - 3.0L, 4.0L
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Sender Unit - Water Temperature Indicator, 2.3L
          • Material
          • Removal & Installation
        • Sender Unit - Water Temperature Indicator, 3.0L
          • Material
          • Removal & Installation
        • Sender Unit - Water Temperature Indicator, 4.0L
          • Removal & Installation
  • Mechanical
    • Engine System -- General Information - Ranger
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Engine
      • Diagnosis & Testing
        • Engine
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Inspection & Verification
        • Symptom Chart
        • Component Tests
          • Engine Oil Leaks
          • Engine Oil Leaks - Fluorescent Oil Additive Method
          • Leakage Points - Underhood
          • Leakage Points - Under Engine - With Vehicle on Hoist
          • Leakage Points - With Transmission & Flywheel Removed
        • Compression Test - Compression Gauge Check
          • Notes
          • Compression Test - Test Results
          • Compression Test - Interpreting Compression Readings
          • Cylinder Leakage Detection
        • Oil Consumption Test
        • Intake Manifold Vacuum Test
          • Notes
          • Intake Manifold Vacuum Test - Interpreting Vacuum Gauge Readings
        • Excessive Engine Oil Consumption
          • Notes
          • Oil Pressure Test
        • Valve Train Analysis - Engine Off - Valve Cover Removed
          • Notes
          • Valve Train Analysis-Engine Off, Rocker Arm
          • Valve Train Analysis - Engine Off, Camshaft Roller Followers & Hydraulic Lash Adjusters, Overhead Camshaft
          • Valve Train Analysis - Engine Off, Camshaft - Engines
          • Valve Train Analysis - Engine Off, Push Rods
          • Valve Train Analysis - Valve Springs
          • Valve Train Analysis - Engine Off, Valve Spring Retainer & Valve Spring Retainer Keys
          • Valve Train Analysis - Engine Off, Valves & Cylinder Head
        • Valve Train Analysis - Engine Running
          • Notes
          • Valve Train Analysis - Engine Running, Valves & Cylinder Head
          • Valve Train Analysis - Engine Running, Camshaft Lobe Lift - OHC Engines
          • Valve Train Analysis - Engine Running, Camshaft Lobe Lift - Push Rod Engine
          • Valve Train Analysis - Engine Running, Valve Tappet
      • General Procedures
        • Sprockets
        • Rocker Arms - Cleaning
        • Rocker Arms - Inspection
        • Push Rods - Cleaning
        • Push Rods - Inspection
        • Camshaft Journal - Diameter
        • Camshaft Journal - Clearance, Push Rod Engine, Micrometer Method
        • Camshaft Journal - Clearance, PLASTIGAGE Method
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Camshaft End Play - Push Rod Engines
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Camshaft End Play - OHC Engines
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Camshaft - Lobe Surface
        • Camshaft Lobe Lift
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Camshaft RUNOUT
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Crankshaft Main Bearing Journal - Diameter
        • Crankshaft Main Bearing Journal - Taper
        • Crankshaft Main Bearing Journal - Clearance
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Crankshaft End Play
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Crankshaft RUNOUT
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Crankshaft - Connecting Rod Journal Taper, Out Of Round
        • Cylinder Bore - Taper
        • Cylinder Bore - Out-Of-Round
        • Piston Inspection
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Piston - Pin To Bore Diameter
        • Piston - Diameter
        • Piston - To Cylinder Bore Clearance
        • Piston - Selection
        • Piston - Ring End Gap
        • Piston - Ring-To-Groove Clearance
        • Piston - Pin Diameter
        • Connecting Rod - Cleaning
        • Connecting Rod - Large End Bore
        • Connecting Rod - Bushing Diameter
        • Connecting Rod - Bend
        • Connecting Rod - Twist
        • Connecting Rod - Piston Pin Side Clearance
        • Connecting Rod - Bearing Journal Clearance
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Connecting Rod - Side Clearance
        • Roller Follower - Inspection
          • Push Rod Engines
          • OHC Engines
        • Valve Tappet - Inspection
          • Push Rod Engines
          • OHC Engines
        • Valve - Stem Diameter
        • Valve Stem To Valve Guide Clearance
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Valve - Inspection
        • Valve - Guide Inner Diameter
        • Valve - Guide Reaming
        • Valve - Spring Installed Length
        • Valve - Spring Free Length
        • Valve - Spring Squareness
        • Valve Spring Strength
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Valve - Seat Inspection
          • Valve & Seat Refacing Measurements
        • Valve - Seat Width
        • Valve - Seat RUNOUT
        • Cylinder Head - Distortion
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Cylinder Bore - Cleaning
        • Cylinder Block Core Plug Replacement
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
            • Notes
            • Expansion-Type
        • Spark Plug - Inspection
        • Exhaust Manifold - Inspection
          • Special Tool(s)
        • Bearing - Inspection
  • Starter
    • Starting System
      • Description
      • Component Locations
      • Adjustments
        • Digital Transmission Range Sensor
      • Trouble Shooting
      • System Tests
        • Notes
        • Test A: Engine Does Not Crank
        • Test B: Unusual Starter Noise
      • On-Vehicle Testing
        • Notes
        • Voltage Drop Test
        • Starter Ground Circuit Test
      • Removal & Installation
        • Starter Motor
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (2.3L)
          • Removal & Installation (3.0L)
          • Removal & Installation (4.0L)
      • Starter Specifications
      • Torque Specifications
      • Wiring Diagrams
• Engine Performance
  • Engine Control System - Adjustments
    • Engine Mechanical
    • Valve Clearance
    • Ignition Timing
      • Gasoline Engines
        • Except Villager
        • Villager
    • Injector Timing
      • Diesel Engines
    • Idle Speed
      • Gasoline Engines
        • Except Villager
        • Villager
      • Diesel Engines
    • Throttle Position Sensor
      • Gasoline Engines
        • Except Villager
        • Villager
    • Accelerator Pedal Sensor
      • Diesel Engines
  • Application
    • Engine Introduction - Trucks
      • Engine Introduction - Trucks
        • Notes
        • Vehicle Identification Number Description
          • Notes
          • World Manufacturer Identifier - Position 1
          • Brake Type & Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) - Position 2
          • Line, Series & Body Type Code - Position 3
          • Engine Code - Position 4
          • Computer-Generated Check Digit - Position 5
          • Model Year Code - Position 6
          • Assembly Plant Code - Position 7
          • Production Sequence Number - Position 8
        • Model/Year VIN Code Applications
        • Engine Code Location
  • Emissions
    • Emission Control Abbreviations
      • "A"
      • "B"
      • "C"
      • "D"
      • "E"
      • "F"
      • "G"
      • "H"
      • "I"
      • "K"
      • "L"
      • "M"
      • "N"
      • "O"
      • "P"
      • "R"
      • "S"
      • "T"
      • "V"
      • "W"
    • State Emission Standards - Diesel
      • ARIZONA
      • Colorado
      • CONNECTICUT
      • IDAHO
      • KENTUCKY
      • MASSACHUSETTS
      • New YORK
      • OHIO
      • RHODE Island
      • UTAH
      • WASHINGTON
    • State Emission Standards - Gas
      • ALASKA
      • ARIZONA
      • CALIFORNIA
        • California Emission Standards ASM Tests
        • Legend
        • Pass/Fail Emission Standards = A+B / VTW
      • Colorado
      • CONNECTICUT
      • DELAWARE
      • District Of COLUMBIA
      • GEORGIA
      • IDAHO
      • ILLINOIS
      • INDIANA
      • KENTUCKY
      • MARYLAND
      • MASSACHUSETTS
      • MISSOURI
      • NEVADA
      • New Jersey
      • New MEXICO
      • New YORK
      • North CAROLINA
      • OHIO
      • OREGON
      • PENNSYLVANIA
      • RHODE Island
      • TENNESSEE
      • TEXAS
      • UTAH
      • VIRGINIA
      • WASHINGTON
      • WISCONSIN
      • U. S. EPA ASM2525 & ASM5015 Start-Up Emission Standards
      • U. S. EPA Revised Final ASM Emission Standards (ASM5015 & ASM2525)
      • U.S. EPA Im240 Emission Standards
        • Start-Up Standards
        • Final Standards
  • Mode 6 - 2002 Ford - Except Diesel
    • Introduction
    • Catalyst Monitor
    • Misfire Monitor
    • Air System Monitor
    • EVAP Monitor
    • Front Ho2S Monitor
    • Rear Ho2S Monitor
    • EGR Monitor
  • Engine Controls - Pin Voltage Charts
    • Introduction
    • Test Equipment
    • Test Procedures
      • Notes
      • Pin Voltage Testing
      • Symptom Testing
        • Notes
        • Reference Value Symptom-To-PID (Bi-Fuel)
        • Reference Value Symptom-To-PID (Gasoline & NGV)
      • PID Testing
        • Notes
        • Accessing Generic OBD-II PIDs
        • Accessing Ford Specific PIDs
      • Pcm Connectors
      • Powertrain Control Module Locations
    • PID Definitions & Pin Voltage/PID Values
      • Notes
      • PID Definitions
        • Generic OBD-II PID Definitions
        • Ford Motor Co. Gasoline OBD-II PID Definitions
        • Ford Motor Co. Bi-Fuel OBD-II PID Definitions
      • Pin Voltage/PID Value Tables
        • Notes
        • Diagnostic Aids
        • Blackwood & Navigator 5.4L 4V A/T
          • BLACKWOOD & Navigator 5.4L 4V A/T - Inputs
          • BLACKWOOD & Navigator 5.4L 4V A/T - Outputs
          • BLACKWOOD & Navigator 5.4L 4V A/T - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Econoline 5.4L A/T (Compressed Natural Gas)
          • ECONOLINE 5.4L A/T (Compressed Natural Gas) - Inputs
          • ECONOLINE 5.4L A/T (Compressed Natural Gas) - Outputs
          • ECONOLINE 5.4L A/T (Compressed Natural Gas) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Econoline 5.4L Gasoline A/T (4R70W)
          • ECONOLINE 5.4L Gasoline A/T (4R70W) - Inputs
          • ECONOLINE 5.4L Gasoline A/T (4R70W) - Outputs
          • ECONOLINE 5.4L Gasoline A/T (4R70W) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Econoline 5.4L Gasoline A/T (4R100)
          • ECONOLINE 5.4L Gasoline A/T (4R100) - Inputs
          • ECONOLINE 5.4L Gasoline A/T (4R100) - Outputs
          • ECONOLINE 5.4L Gasoline A/T (4R100) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Econoline, Excursion & F250-550 7.3L Diesel
          • 7.3L Diesel - Inputs & Outputs
        • Econoline, Expedition & F150 4.6L A/T (4R70W)
          • ECONOLINE, Expedition & F150 4.6L A/T (4R70W) - Inputs
          • ECONOLINE, Expedition & F150 4.6L A/T - Outputs
          • ECONOLINE, Expedition & F150 4.6L A/T - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Econoline & F150 Pickup 4.2L A/T (4R70W)
          • ECONOLINE & F150 4.2L A/T (4R70W) - Inputs
          • ECONOLINE & F150 4.2L A/T (4R70W) - Outputs
          • ECONOLINE & F150 4.2L A/T (4R70W) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Econoline & F250-550 6.8L A/T (4R100)
          • ECONOLINE & F250-550 6.8L A/T (4R100) - Inputs
          • ECONOLINE & F250-550 6.8L A/T (4R100) - Outputs
          • ECONOLINE & F250-550 6.8L A/T (4R100) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Escape 2.0L 4V M/T
          • Escape 2.0L 4V M/T - Inputs
          • Escape 2.0L 4V M/T - Outputs
          • Escape 2.0L 4V M/T - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Escape 3.0L 4V A/T
          • Escape 3.0L 4V A/T - Inputs
          • Escape 3.0L 4V A/T - Outputs
          • Escape 3.0L 4V A/T - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Excursion 5.4L A/T (4R100)
          • Excursion 5.4L A/T (4R100) - Inputs
          • Excursion 5.4L A/T (4R100) - Outputs
          • Excursion 5.4L A/T (4R100) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Excursion 6.8L A/T (4R100)
          • Excursion 6.8L A/T (4R100) - Inputs
          • Excursion 6.8L A/T (4R100) - Outputs
          • Excursion 6.8L A/T (4R100) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Expedition & F150 5.4L 2V A/T (4R100)
          • Expedition & F150 5.4L 2V A/T (4R100) - Inputs
          • Expedition & F150 5.4L 2V A/T (4R100) - Outputs
          • Expedition & F150 5.4L 2V A/T (4R100) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Explorer & Mountaineer 4.0L A/T (5R55W)
          • Explorer & Mountaineer 4.0L A/T (5R55W) - Inputs
          • Explorer & Mountaineer 4.0L A/T (5R55W) - Outputs
          • Explorer & Mountaineer 4.0L A/T (5R55W) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Explorer 4.0L M/T (M5OD-R4)
          • Explorer 4.0L M/T (M5OD-R4) - Inputs
          • Explorer 4.0L M/T (M5OD-R4) - Outputs
          • Explorer 4.0L M/T (M5OD-R4) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Explorer & Mountaineer 4.6L A/T (5R55W)
          • Explorer & Mountaineer 4.6L A/T (5R55W) - Inputs
          • Explorer & Mountaineer 4.6L A/T (5R55W) - Outputs
          • Explorer & Mountaineer 4.6L A/T (5R55W) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport Trac 4.0L A/T (Flexible Fuel)
          • Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport TRAC 4.0L A/T (Flexible Fuel) - Inputs
          • Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport TRAC 4.0L A/T (Flexible Fuel) - Outputs
          • Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport TRAC 4.0L A/T (Flexible Fuel) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport Trac 4.0L A/T (Gasoline)
          • Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport TRAC 4.0L A/T (Gasoline) - Inputs
          • Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport TRAC 4.0L A/T (Gasoline) - Outputs
          • Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport TRAC 4.0L A/T (Gasoline) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport Trac 4.0L M/T (M5OD-R1)
          • Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport TRAC 4.0L M/T (M5OD-R1) - Inputs
          • Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport TRAC 4.0L M/T (M5OD-R1) - Outputs
          • Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport TRAC 4.0L M/T (M5OD-R1) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • F150 4.2L M/T (M5OD-R2)
          • F150 4.2L M/T (M5OD-R2) - Inputs
          • F150 4.2L M/T (M5OD-R2) - Outputs
          • F150 4.2L M/T (M5OD-R2) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • F150 4.6L M/T (M5OD-R2)
          • F150 4.6L M/T (M5OD-R2) - Inputs
          • F150 4.6L M/T (M5OD-R2) - Outputs
          • F150 4.6L M/T (M5OD-R2) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • F150 5.4L Gasoline A/T (4R70W)
          • F150 5.4L Gasoline A/T (4R70W) - Inputs
          • F150 5.4L Gasoline A/T (4R70W) - Outputs
          • F150 5.4L Gasoline A/T (4R70W) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • F150 5.4L Compressed Natural Gas A/T (4R70W & 4R100)
          • F150 5.4L Compressed Natural Gas A/T (4R70W & 4R100) - Inputs
          • F150 5.4L Compressed Natural Gas A/T (4R70W & 4R100) - Outputs
          • F150 5.4L Compressed Natural Gas A/T (4R70W & 4R100) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • F150 5.4L (Bi-Fuel)
          • F150 5.4L (Bi-Fuel) - Inputs
          • F150 5.4L (Bi-Fuel) - Outputs
          • Cause PID Fault Definitions
        • F150 5.4L SC Lightning A/T (4R100)
          • F150 5.4L SC Lightning A/T (4R100) - Inputs
          • F150 5.4L SC Lightning A/T (4R100) - Outputs
          • F150 5.4L SC Lightning A/T (4R100) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • F250-550 5.4L A/T (4R100)
          • F250-350 5.4L A/T (4R100) - Inputs
          • F250-350 5.4L A/T (4R100) - Outputs
          • F250-350 5.4L A/T (4R100) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • F250-350 5.4L M/T (ZF S6-650)
          • F250-350 5.4L M/T (ZF S6-650) - Inputs
          • F250-350 5.4L M/T (ZF S6-650) - Outputs
          • F250-350 5.4L M/T (ZF S6-650) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • F250-550 6.8L M/T (S6-650)
          • F250-550 6.8L M/T (S6-650) - Inputs
          • F250-550 6.8L M/T (S6-650) - Outputs
          • F250-550 6.8L M/T (S6-650) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • F650-750 7.3L Diesel
          • 7.3L Diesel - Inputs & Outputs
        • Ranger 2.3L A/T (5R44E)
          • Ranger 2.3L A/T (5R44E) - Inputs
          • Ranger 2.3L A/T (5R44E) - Outputs
          • Ranger 2.3L A/T (5R44E) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Ranger 2.3L M/T (M5OD-R1)
          • Ranger 2.3L M/T (M5OD-R1) - Inputs
          • Ranger 2.3L M/T (M5OD-R1) - Outputs
          • Ranger 2.3L M/T (M5OD-R1) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Ranger 3.0L Gasoline A/T (5R44E)
          • Ranger 3.0L Gasoline A/T (5R44E) - Inputs
          • Ranger 3.0L Gasoline A/T (5R44E) - Outputs
          • Ranger 3.0L Gasoline A/T (5R44E) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Ranger 3.0L Flexible Fuel A/T (5R44E)
          • Ranger 3.0L Flexible Fuel A/T (5R44E) - Inputs
          • Ranger 3.0L Flexible Fuel A/T (5R44E) - Outputs
          • Ranger 3.0L Flexible Fuel A/T (5R44E) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Ranger 3.0L M/T (M5OD-R1)
          • Ranger 3.0L M/T (M5OD-R1) - Inputs
          • Ranger 3.0L M/T (M5OD-R1) - Outputs
          • Ranger 3.0L M/T (M5OD-R1) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Ranger 4.0L A/T (5R55E)
          • Ranger 4.0L A/T (5R55E) - Inputs
          • Ranger 4.0L A/T (5R55E) - Outputs
          • Ranger 4.0L A/T (5R55E) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Ranger 4.0L M/T (M5OD-R1)
          • Ranger 4.0L M/T (M5OD-R1) - Inputs
          • Ranger 4.0L M/T (M5OD-R1) - Outputs
          • Ranger 4.0L M/T (M5OD-R1) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
        • Villager 3.3L A/T (4F20E)
          • Villager 3.3L A/T (4F20E) - Inputs
          • Villager 3.3L - Outputs
        • Windstar 3.8L A/T (4F50N)
          • WINDSTAR 3.8L A/T (4F50N) - Inputs
          • WINDSTAR 3.8L A/T (4F50N) - Outputs
          • WINDSTAR 3.8L A/T (4F50N) - Generic OBD-II PID Values
  • Remove, Overhaul & Install
    • Engine Controls - Removal, Overhaul & Installation
      • Introduction
      • Air Induction Systems
        • Intake Manifold
          • Removal & Installation (2.3L)
          • Removal (3.0L - Lower)
          • Installation (3.0L - Lower)
          • Removal & Installation (3.0L - Upper)
          • Removal & Installation (4.0L)
        • Intake Manifold Runner Control Actuator (2.3L Only)
          • Removal & Installation
        • Mass Air Flow Sensor
          • Removal & Installation
        • Throttle Body
          • Removal & Installation
      • Computerized Engine Controls
        • Notes
        • Powertrain Control Module
          • Removal & Installation
      • Engine Sensors & Switches
        • Camshaft Position Sensor
        • Camshaft Position Synchronizer (3.0L)
        • Crankshaft Position Sensor
        • Cylinder Head Temperature Sensor (2.3L)
        • Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor (3.0L & 4.0L)
        • Fuel Tank Pressure Sensor
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor
        • Knock Sensor
        • Mass Air Flow Sensor
        • Thermal Manifold Absolute Pressure Sensor (2.3L)
        • Throttle Position Sensor
      • Motors, Relays & Solenoids
        • Canister Purge Valve
        • Canister Vent Solenoid
        • Idle Air Control Valve
        • Intake Manifold Runner Control Actuator (2.3L Only)
      • Cooling System
        • Cooling System Precautions
        • Cooling System Draining
          • Notes
          • 2.3L
          • 3.0L & 4.0L
        • Cooling System Filling & Bleeding
          • 2.3L
          • 3.0L & 4.0L
      • Ignition Systems
        • Notes
        • Camshaft Position Sensor
          • Removal & Installation (2.3L)
          • Removal & Installation (3.0L)
          • Removal & Installation (4.0L)
        • Camshaft Position Synchronizer (3.0L)
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Crankshaft Position Sensor
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (2.3L)
          • Removal & Installation (3.0L)
          • Removal & Installation (4.0L)
        • Ignition Coil
          • Removal & Installation
        • Knock Sensor
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (4.0L)
        • Spark Plug
          • Removal & Installation
      • Fuel Systems
        • Fuel System Safety Precautions
          • Safe Fuel Handling Practices
          • Inertia Fuel Shutoff Switch Reset Procedure
        • Fuel System Pressure Release
        • Fuel Line Connectors
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (Push Release Fitting)
          • Removal & Installation ("R" Clip Fitting)
          • Removal & Installation (Spring Lock Fitting)
        • Camshaft Position Sensor
        • Cylinder Head Temperature Sensor (2.3L)
          • Removal & Installation
        • Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor (3.0L & 4.0L)
          • Removal & Installation (3.0L)
          • Removal & Installation (4.0L)
        • Fuel Filter
          • Fuel Filter Removal & Installation - Ranger
        • Fuel Pump
          • Removal & Installation
        • Fuel Injection Supply Manifold & Injectors
          • Removal & Installation (2.3L)
          • Removal & Installation (3.0L)
          • Removal & Installation (4.0L)
        • Fuel Pulse Damper
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (2.3L)
          • Removal & Installation (4.0L)
        • Fuel Tank
          • Removal & Installation
        • Heated Oxygen Sensor
          • Removal & Installation
        • Thermal Manifold Absolute Pressure Sensor (2.3L)
          • Removal & Installation
      • Idle Control Systems
        • Idle Air Control Valve
          • Removal & Installation
        • Throttle Position Sensor
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
      • Emission Systems & Subsystems
        • Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION Valve
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (2.3L)
        • Exhaust Manifold-To-Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION Valve Tube
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (2.3L)
        • Positive Crankcase Ventilation Valve
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (2.3L)
      • Evaporative Emissions System
        • Evaporative Emission System Safety Precautions
        • Vapor Line Connectors
          • Removal & Installation (Internal Squeeze Fitting)
          • Removal & Installation (Push Release Fitting)
        • Canister Purge Valve
          • Removal & Installation
        • Canister Vent Solenoid
        • Charcoal Canister
          • Removal & Installation
        • Fuel Tank Pressure Sensor
        • Fuel Vapor Tube Assembly
          • Removal & Installation
        • After Repair Procedure
      • Torque Specifications
        • 2.3L
        • 3.0L
        • 4.0L
  • Sensor Range Charts
    • Engine Controls - Sensor Operating Range Charts
      • Introduction
  • Specifications
    • Engine Controls - Service & Adjustment Specifications
      • Introduction
      • Capacities
        • Cooling System Capacities
        • Engine Oil Capacities
        • Transmission & Transfer Case Capacities
        • Differential Fluid Capacities
      • Quick-Service
        • Service Intervals & Specifications
        • Belt Adjustment
      • Mechanical Checks
        • Engine Compression
          • Diesel Engines
          • Gasoline Engines
        • Valve Clearance
      • Air Induction Systems
        • Supercharger
      • Ignition Systems
        • High Tension Wire Resistance
        • Spark Plugs
          • Notes
          • Spark Plug Specifications (4-Cylinder)
          • Spark Plug Specifications (V6)
          • Spark Plug Specifications (V8)
          • Spark Plug Specifications (V10)
        • Firing Order & Timing Marks
          • Notes
          • Firing Order & Timing Marks (2.0L)
          • Spark Plug Wire Routing (2.0L)
          • Firing Order & Timing Marks (2.3L)
          • Firing Order & Timing Marks (3.0L Ranger)
          • Firing Order & Timing Marks (3.0L Escape)
          • Firing Order (3.3L)
          • Firing Order & Timing Marks (3.8L)
          • Spark Plug Wire Routing (3.8L)
          • Firing Order (4.0L - Explorer & Mountaineer)
          • Spark Plug Wire Routing (4.0L - Explorer & Mountaineer)
          • Firing Order & Timing Marks (4.0L - Ranger)
          • Spark Plug Wire Routing (4.0L - Ranger)
          • Firing Order & Timing Marks (4.2L - E-Series)
          • Spark Plug Wire Routing (4.2L - E-Series)
          • Firing Order & Timing Marks (4.2L - F-Series)
          • Spark Plug Wire Routing (4.2L - F-Series)
          • Firing Order & Timing Marks (4.6L & 5.4L)
          • Spark Plug Coils & Firing Order (4.6L) (Not Coil On Plug)
          • Spark Plug Coils (4.6L & 5.4L)
          • Spark Plug Coils (5.4L)
          • Firing Order (6.8L)
          • Spark Plug Coils (6.8L)
          • Firing Order (7.3L Diesel)
        • Ignition Timing
      • Fuel Systems
        • Fuel Pump
        • Idle Mixture
        • Idle Speed
          • Villager
        • Throttle Position Sensor
          • Notes
          • TP Sensor Output (Villager)
          • TP Sensor Output (Except Villager)
    • Firing Order & Cylinder Identification
      • Firing Order & Cylinder Identification
        • Notes
        • 3 Cylinder Engine
        • 4 Cylinder Engine
        • 5 Cylinder Engine
        • V6 Engine
          • 3.3L (VIN T) Engines
          • 3.0L Villager Engine
          • All Other V6 Engines Except 3.3L (VIN T) & 3.0L Villager Engine
        • V8 Engine
          • 3.9L (VIN A) V8 Engines
          • 5.2L V8 Engines
          • 5.0L (Mustang Only) & 6.2L V8 Engines
          • All Other Gasoline V8 Engines Except 3.9L (VIN A), 5.0L (Mustang Only), 5.2L & 6.2L
          • Diesel V8 Engine (To 2010)
          • 6.7L Diesel V8 Engine (From 2011)
        • V10 Engine
    • Fuel System Pressure Specifications
      • Fuel Systems
        • Fuel Pressure - Cars
        • Fuel Pressure - Trucks
  • Vacuum Diagrams - Trucks
    • Introduction
      • Notes
      • Pcm Calibrations
      • Protocol 3 Code Descriptions
    • Vacuum Hose Diagram(S)
      • BLACKWOOD, Expedition, F150 Pickup & Navigator
      • ECONOLINE
      • Escape
      • Excursion & F250-550 Super Duty Pickup
      • Explorer & Mountaineer
      • Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport TRAC
      • Ranger
      • Villager
      • WINDSTAR
  • Engine Performance - Wiring Diagrams
    • Wiring Diagrams
      • BLACKWOOD
      • Continental
      • Cougar
      • Crown Victoria & Grand Marquis
      • ECONOLINE
      • Escape
      • Escort
      • Escort ZX2
      • Excursion & Pickup (F250/F550)
      • Expedition & Navigator
      • Explorer & Mountaineer
      • Explorer Sport & Explorer Sport TRAC
      • Focus
      • LS
      • Mustang
      • Pickup (F150)
      • Ranger
      • Sable & TAURUS
      • THUNDERBIRD
      • Town Car
      • Villager
      • WINDSTAR
• General Information
  • Abbreviations
    • Commonly Used Abbreviations - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • "A"
      • "B"
      • "C"
      • "D"
      • "E"
      • "F"
      • "G"
      • "H"
      • "I"
      • "J"
      • "K"
      • "L"
      • "M"
      • "N"
      • "O"
      • "P"
      • "Q"
      • "R"
      • "S"
      • "T"
      • "V"
      • "W"
    • Emission Control Abbreviations
      • "A"
      • "B"
      • "C"
      • "D"
      • "E"
      • "F"
      • "G"
      • "H"
      • "I"
      • "K"
      • "L"
      • "M"
      • "N"
      • "O"
      • "P"
      • "R"
      • "S"
      • "T"
      • "V"
      • "W"
  • Basic Trouble Shooting
    • Basic Trouble Shooting - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Accessories & Electrical
        • Charging System Trouble Shooting
        • Ignition System Trouble Shooting
        • Starter Trouble Shooting
      • Air Conditioning & Heat
        • Air Conditioning Trouble Shooting
        • Heater System Trouble Shooting
      • Brakes
        • Brake System Trouble Shooting
      • Engine Mechanical
        • Cooling System Trouble Shooting
        • Gasoline Engine - Mechanical Trouble Shooting
      • Engine Performance
        • Carburetor Trouble Shooting:
        • Diesel Engine Trouble Shooting
        • Fuel Injection Trouble Shooting
        • Ignition System Trouble Shooting
        • Starter Trouble Shooting
        • Tune-Up Trouble Shooting - Gas Engine Vehicles
        • Vacuum Pump - Diesel Trouble Shooting
      • Manual Transmission
        • Manual Transmission Trouble Shooting
      • Powertrain
        • Clutch Trouble Shooting
        • Drive Axle - Noise Diagnosis
          • Unrelated Noises
          • Non-Drive Axle Noises
          • Gear Noise
          • Chuckle
          • Knock
          • Clunk
          • Bearing Whine
          • Bearing Rumble
          • Chatter On Turns
          • Axle Shaft Noise
          • Vibration
        • Drive Axle - RWD Trouble Shooting
        • Fwd Axle Shafts & CV Joints Trouble Shooting
      • Steering & Suspension
        • Manual Steering Gear Trouble Shooting
        • Power Steering Trouble Shooting
        • Steering Column Trouble Shooting
        • Suspension Trouble Shooting
        • Wheel Alignment Trouble Shooting
    • Commonly Used Abbreviations - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • "A"
      • "B"
      • "C"
      • "D"
      • "E"
      • "F"
      • "G"
      • "H"
      • "I"
      • "J"
      • "K"
      • "L"
      • "M"
      • "N"
      • "O"
      • "P"
      • "Q"
      • "R"
      • "S"
      • "T"
      • "V"
      • "W"
    • Emission Control Abbreviations
      • "A"
      • "B"
      • "C"
      • "D"
      • "E"
      • "F"
      • "G"
      • "H"
      • "I"
      • "K"
      • "L"
      • "M"
      • "N"
      • "O"
      • "P"
      • "R"
      • "S"
      • "T"
      • "V"
      • "W"
    • Engine Performance - Trouble Shooting - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Engine Performance
  • Brakes
    • Anti-Lock Brake Safety Precautions - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Anti-Lock Brake Safety Precautions
    • Map - Brake Systems
      • Brake Systems
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
        • Accelerometers
        • Accumulators
        • Anchor Pins
        • Anti-Lock Brake Control Assembly(Module)
        • Anti-Lock Brake Controller
        • Anti-Lock Brake Systems
        • Axle Seal
        • Backing Plates
        • Bleeder Screw
        • Brake Abs Active Light (Blue)
        • Brake Fluid
        • Brake Friction Material
        • Brake On - Off Switch
        • Brake Pads
        • Brake Pedals
        • Brake Shoe Hardware
        • Brake Shoes
        • Brake Stoplight Switches
        • Brake Warning Light (Amber)
        • Brake Warning Light (Red)
        • Bulb Sockets
        • Bulbs And LEDS
        • Caliper Hardware
        • Caliper Mounting Pin
        • Caliper Piston
        • Caliper Shim
        • Caliper Slider Pin (Bolt) Dust Boot
        • Caliper Slider Pin (Bolt)
        • Calipers
        • Combination Valve
        • Controllers
        • Digital Ratio Axle Controllers And Buffers (Drab And Dram)
        • Disable Switches
        • Drums
        • Electrical Brake Pumps
        • Electrical Park Motor
        • Electrical Pumps And Motors
        • Electro-Magnetic Interference
        • Electronic Brake Control Modulator
        • Electronic Brake Distribution
        • Electronic Brake Traction Control Module
        • Electronic Controllers
        • Electronic Traction Control
        • External Brake Cable
        • Flow Control Valve
        • Fluid Level Sensor Switches
        • Fluid
        • Four Wheel Drive Switches
        • Friction Material
        • G Sensors
        • Gaskets
        • Gravitational Switches
        • Grease Seal
        • Height Sensing Proportioning Valve
        • High Pressure Accumulator
        • Hoses
        • Hub
        • Hydraulic Control Unit
        • Hydraulic Modulators
        • Hydro-Boosters
        • Hydro-Electric Boosters (POWERMASTER)
        • Ignition Disable Switches
        • Lamp Driver Relay
        • Lateral Acceleration Switches
        • LEDS
        • Lenses
        • Low Pressure Accumulator
        • Lug Nut
        • Master Cylinder Cover Gasket
        • Master Cylinders
        • Modulators
        • Motor Pack
        • Motors
        • Pads
        • Parking Brake Cable
        • Parking Brake Mechanism
        • Parking Brake Shoes
        • Parking Brake Switches
        • Parking Brake Systems
        • Pedal Travel Switches
        • Pedals
        • Power Distribution Center
        • POWERMASTER
        • Pressure Differential Switches
        • Pressure Switches
        • Pressure Transducers
        • Proportioning Valve
        • Pumps
        • Relays
        • RELUCTOR (Speed) Ring
        • Rotors
        • Self-Adjusting Systems
        • Shoe Hardware
        • Shoes
        • Sockets
        • Speed Sensor (RELUCTOR) Ring
        • Speed Sensors (Electronic Wheel And Vehicle)
        • Star Wheel
        • Steel Brake Lines
        • Stoplight Switches
        • Stroke Sensor
        • Switches
        • Tires
        • Tone Ring
        • Toothed Rings (Tone Wheel)
        • Traction Control System (TCS)
        • Transfer Tubes
        • Vacuum Boosters
        • Vacuum Hoses
        • Valves
        • Wear Indicator
        • Wheel Attachment Hardware
        • Wheel Bearings, Races And Seals
        • Wheel Cylinders
        • Wiring Harnesses
        • Yaw Rate Sensor
      • Brake System CHECKSHEET
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
    • Map - Routine Inspection Reference Guide
      • Routine Inspection Reference Guide
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
        • Maintenance Overview
          • Antifreeze/Coolant
          • Visual Inspection
          • Radiator Cap Test
          • Engine Fan
          • Cooling System Power Flush And Refill
          • Belts (Except Timing Belts)
          • Belt TENSIONER
          • Automatic Transmission Fluid
          • Automatic Transmission Fluid Exchange & Filter Replacement
          • Engine Oil
          • Air Filters
          • Cabin Air Filter
          • Brake Fluid
          • Battery
          • Battery Cables
          • Power Steering
          • Power Steering Fluid
          • Wiper Blades
        • Routine Inspection CHECKSHEET
        • Routine Inspection - UICS
          • Brake Systems
            • Notes
            • Brake Fluid
            • Bulbs And LEDS
            • Hoses
            • Lenses
            • Lug Nut
            • Master Cylinder Cover Gasket
            • Parking Brake Cable
            • Vacuum Hoses
            • Wheel Attachment Hardware
            • Wheel Bearings, Races And Seals
          • Drivetrain And Transmission
            • Notes
            • Automatic Transmission Fluid
            • Clutch Master Cylinders
            • Cooler Lines
            • Coolers
            • Differential Fluid
            • Drain Plugs And Gaskets
            • Filters And Screens
            • Fluids And Lubricants
            • Hoses, Lines, And Tubes
            • Hydraulic Fluid
            • Lubricants
            • Manual Transmission Fluid
            • Mounts (Engine, Transaxle And Transmission)
            • Transfer Case Fluid
            • Vacuum Hoses
          • Electrical Systems
            • Batteries
            • Battery Cables
            • Battery Trays And Hold Down Hardware
            • Bulbs, Sealed Beams And LEDS
            • Fuses, Fusible Links And Circuit Breakers
            • Ground Cables And Straps
            • Ground Straps
            • Lenses
            • Sealed Beams
            • Washer Pumps
            • Wiper Arms And Blades
            • Wiper Hoses And Nozzles
            • Wiper Pump Reservoirs
          • Engine Performance And Maintenance
            • Notes
            • Accessory Belts
            • Air Filter Elements
            • Air Filter Gaskets
            • Air Filter Housings And Gaskets
            • Air Pump Belts
            • Batteries
            • Battery Connectors
            • Belt Idler Assemblies (Accessory And Cam Belts)
            • Belt TENSIONERS (Accessory And Cam Belt)
            • Chemical Engine DECARBONIZATION
            • Combustion Chamber Cleaning
            • Coolant Recovery Tanks
            • Coolant
            • Distributor Caps
            • Distributor Rotors
            • Engine Cooling Systems
            • Engine DECARBONIZATION
            • Engine Oil Drain Plugs And Gaskets
            • Engine Oil Filters And Canisters
            • Engine Oil
            • Fuel Filters
            • Fuel Injector Cleaning
            • Fuel Injectors
            • Fuel System Cleaning Service
            • Hose Clamps
            • Hose Connectors
            • Hose Couplers
            • Hoses And Tubes (Fuel Lines, Radiator, Vacuum, By-Pass, Heater, Recovery Tank And Oil Coolers)
            • Ignition Wires (Secondary)
            • Intake Cleaning
            • O2 Sensors
            • PCV Breather Elements
            • PCV Valves
            • Radiator Caps And Pressurized Expansion Tank Caps
            • Spark Plugs
            • Thermostats And Housings
            • Throttle Body Cleaning
            • Timing Belts
            • Vacuum Hoses, Tubes And Connections (Non-Metallic)
          • Exhaust Systems
            • Notes
            • Exhaust And Tail Pipes
          • Heating, Ventilation And Air Conditioning Systems
            • Notes
            • Belts
            • Cabin Air Filters
            • Coolant
            • Evaporator Drain Tubes
            • Evaporator Filters
            • In-Line Filters
            • Vacuum Hoses And Tubes
          • Steering And Suspension, Wheel Alignment, Wheels And Tires
            • Notes
            • Hydraulic Hoses
            • Power Steering Belts
            • Power Steering Fluid
            • Power Steering Hoses
            • Shock Absorbers, Strut Cartridges And Strut Assemblies
            • Strut Rods
            • Tire Pressure Monitoring System
            • Tire Pressure Sensors
            • Tires
            • Valve Stems
            • Wheel Attachment Hardware
            • Wheel Bearings, Races And Seals
      • Wheel & Tire Supplement
        • Notes
        • Tires
        • Mounting Tires
        • Vehicle Tire Placard
        • Tire Rotation
        • Wheel Lug Nut Torque & Clamping Force
        • Popular Tire Rotation Patterns
        • Wheels And Rims
        • Tire Pressure Monitoring Systems
        • Wheels & Tires CHECKSHEET
        • Wheel & Tire - UICS
          • Tire Pressure Monitoring System
          • Tire Pressure Sensors
          • Tires
          • Wheel Alignment
          • Wheel Attachment Hardware
          • Wheels (Rims)
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
  • Check Lists
    • Symptom Check List Worksheet - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Purpose
        • Notes
        • Why Use the Symptom Check List Worksheets?
        • Making the Worksheets a Part of Your Normal Routine
      • Symptom Check List Worksheets
        • Condensed Version - All On One Page
        • Full Version - All On Four Pages
        • Individual System-Based Check Lists
  • Computer Relearn Procedures
    • Introduction
      • Body Controls
      • Engine Controls
    • CHRYSLER Corp.
      • A/C Calibration (Caravan, Town & Country, & Voyager)
        • Description
        • Procedure
      • A/C Calibration (CONCORDE, Intrepid & 300M)
      • Body Control Module (CONCORDE, Intrepid, SEBRING Convertible, SEBRING Sedan, Stratus Sedan & 300M)
      • Drive Learn Procedure (DAKOTA - 4.7L, DURANGO - 4.7L & Ram Pickup 1500 - 4.7L)
        • Notes
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth 1st Neutral To Drive Shift
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth Neutral To Drive Garage Shift
        • Procedure To Learn The 1st 2-3 Shift After A Restart Or Shift To Reverse
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth 2-3 & 3-4 Upshift
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth 4-3 Coastdown & Part Throttle 4-3 Kickdown
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth 1-2 Upshift & 3-2 Kickdown
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth Manual 2-1 Pulldown Shift As Well As A Neutral To Reverse Shift
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth Neutral To Reverse Shift
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth 4-5 Upshift for 545RFE
      • Engine Control Module Programming (Diesel)
      • Immobilizer System (SEBRING Coupe & Stratus Coupe)
        • Notes
        • Encrypted Code Registration
        • Key ID Registration
      • Instrument Cluster (Ram Van & Ram Wagon)
      • Pinion Factor Procedure
        • Except Concorde, Durango - With NGC, Intrepid & 300M
        • Concorde, Durango - With NGC, Intrepid & 300M
      • Power Liftgate Learn Cycle (Caravan & Town & Country)
        • Description
        • Procedure
      • Power Sliding Door Learn Cycle (Caravan & Town & Country)
        • Description
        • Procedure
      • Powertrain Control Module Programming (Except Ram Pickup 2500 & 3500 - Gasoline, Ram Van & Ram Wagon)
      • Powertrain Control Module Programming (Ram Pickup 2500 & 3500 - Gasoline, Ram Van & Ram Wagon)
      • Sentry Key Immobilizer Module Programming
      • Programming Ignition Keys To Sentry Key Immobilizer Module
        • Using Scan Tool
        • Programming Ignition Keys Using Customer Learn Method
      • Torque Converter Clutch Break-In Procedure (CONCORDE, Intrepid & 300M)
        • Description
        • Break-In Procedure
      • Transmission Shift Quality Quick Learn Procedure (DAKOTA - 4.7L, DURANGO - 4.7L & Ram Pickup 1500 - 4.7L)
      • Transaxle Shift Quality Quick Learn Procedure
      • Vehicle DRIVEABILITY Computer Relearn Procedure
    • Ford Motor Co.
      • Notes
      • Control Module Programming
        • Notes
        • Programmable Module Installation Procedure
        • Steering Column Lock Actuator Module Parameter Reset (LS - Manual Transmission Only)
      • Customer Preferences
      • Instrument Cluster Programming
        • Notes
        • Instrument Cluster Programming Procedure "A"
        • Instrument Cluster Programming Procedure "B"
        • Security Access Procedure
      • Power Sliding Door Initialization (WINDSTAR Only)
      • Programming Powertrain Control Module (All Models)
        • Notes
        • Description
        • Flash Vehicle Identification (VID) Block Procedure
      • Rear Ride Height Initializing Procedure (BLACKWOOD Only)
        • Calibration Procedure
    • General Motors (Cars)
      • Notes
      • Crankshaft Position Sensor System Variation Learn Procedure
        • Alero, Aurora - 4.0L, Bonneville, Cavalier - 2.2L, Century, Corvette, Deville, Eldorado, Grand Am, Grand Prix, Impala, LeSabre, Malibu, Monte Carlo, Park Avenue, Regal, Seville & Sunfire - 2.2L
        • Camaro & Firebird - 3.8L
        • Camaro & Firebird - 5.7L
        • Cavalier & Sunfire - 2.4L
        • Intrigue - 3.5L
        • Saturn - 1.9L
        • Saturn - 2.2L
      • Engine Control Module
        • Saturn - 3.0L
      • Idle Air Control Valve Learn Procedure
        • Deville, Eldorado & Seville
      • Powertrain Control Module
        • Alero - 2.2L, Cavalier, Grand Am - 2.2L, Saturn - 1.9L & Sunfire
        • Remote Programming (Alero - 3.4L, Aurora, Bonneville, Camaro, Century, Deville, Eldorado, Firebird, Grand Am, Grand Prix, Impala, Intrigue, LeSabre, Malibu, Monte Carlo, Park Avenue, Regal & Seville)
        • Off-Board Programming (Alero - 3.4L, Aurora, Bonneville, Camaro, Century, Deville, Eldorado, Firebird, Grand Am, Grand Prix, Impala, Intrigue, LeSabre, Malibu, Monte Carlo, Park Avenue, Regal & Seville)
        • Remote Programming (Corvette)
        • Off-Board Programming (Corvette)
      • Theft Deterrent System Components
        • 10-Minute Learn Procedure (Alero, Cavalier, Century, Corvette, Grand Am, Impala, Malibu, Monte Carlo, Regal & Sunfire)
        • 30-Minute Learn Procedure (Alero, Cavalier, Century, Corvette, Grand Am, Impala, Malibu, Monte Carlo, Regal & Sunfire)
        • Set Up A New Theft Deterrent Control Module (Aurora, Bonneville, Deville, Eldorado, Intrigue, LeSabre, Park Avenue & Seville)
        • 10-Minute Learn Procedure (Aurora, Bonneville, Deville, Eldorado, Intrigue, LeSabre, Park Avenue & Seville)
        • 30-Minute Learn Procedure (Aurora, Bonneville, Deville, Eldorado, Intrigue, LeSabre, Park Avenue & Seville)
        • Passlock™ Anti-Theft Seed & Key Method (Saturn - 1.9L)
        • Passlock™ Anti-Theft Auto Learn Method (Saturn - 1.9L)
        • Auto Learn Method (Saturn - 2.2L & 3.0L)
        • Saturn Service Stall Method (Saturn - 2.2L & 3.0L)
      • Throttle Body Relearn Procedure
        • Saturn - 3.0L
      • Throttle Position Sensor Learn Procedure
        • Deville, Eldorado & Seville
    • General Motors (Trucks & Vans)
      • Notes
      • Crankshaft Position Sensor System Variation Learn Procedure
        • Avalanche, Astro, Aztek, Blazer, Bravada, Cab & Chassis - 8.1L, Chevy Express - 4.3L, 5.0L, 5.7L & 8.1L, Cutaway - 5.7L & 8.1L, Envoy, Envoy XL, Escalade, Escalade EXT, Jimmy Canadian, Montana, Rendezvous, RV Cutaway - 5.7L & 8.1L, S10 Pickup, Safari, Savana - 4.3L, 5.0L, 5.7L & 8.1L, Savana Camper Special -5.7L & 8.1L, Savana Special - 5.7L & 8.1L, Sierra - 4.3L, 4.8L, 5.3L, 6.0L & 8.1L, Silhouette, Silverado - 4.3L, 4.8L, 5.3L, 6.0L & 8.1L, Sonoma, Suburban, Tahoe, Trailblazer, Venture, Yukon & Yukon XL
        • Vue - 2.2L
      • Engine Control Module Programming
        • Remote Programming (Sierra & Silverado - 6.6L)
        • Off-Board Programming (Sierra & Silverado - 6.6L)
        • Vue - 2.2L
        • Vue - 3.0L
      • Fuel Injection Pump Top Dead Center Offset Adjustment
        • Learning A TDC Offset (Cab & Chassis, Chevy Express, Cutaway, RV Cutaway, Savana, Savana Camper Special & Savana Special - 6.5L)
      • Glow Plug System Relearn Procedure
        • Cab & Chassis, Chevy Express, Cutaway, RV Cutaway, Savana, Savana Camper Special & Savana Special - 6.5L
      • Powertrain Control Module
        • Remote Programming (Avalanche, Astro, Aztek, Blazer, Bravada, Cab & Chassis - 8.1L, Chevy Express - 5.0L, 5.7L & 8.1L, Cutaway - 5.7L & 8.1L, Envoy, Envoy XL, Escalade, Escalade EXT, Jimmy Canadian, Montana, Rendezvous, RV Cutaway - 5.7L & 8.1L, S10 Pickup - 4.3L, Safari, Savana - 5.0L, 5.7L & 8.1L, Savana Camper Special - 5.7L & 8.1L, Savana Special - 5.7L & 8.1L, Sierra - 4.3L, 4.8L, 5.3L, 6.0L & 8.1L, Silhouette, Silverado - 4.3L, 4.8L, 5.3L, 6.0L & 8.1L, Sonoma - 4.3L, Suburban, Tahoe, Trailblazer, Venture, Yukon & Yukon XL)
        • Off-Board Programming (Avalanche, Astro, Aztek, Blazer, Bravada, Cab & Chassis - 8.1L, Chevy Express - 5.0L, 5.7L & 8.1L, Cutaway - 5.7L & 8.1L, Envoy, Envoy XL, Escalade, Escalade EXT, Jimmy Canadian, Montana, Rendezvous, RV Cutaway - 5.7L & 8.1L, S10 Pickup - 4.3L, Safari, Savana - 5.0L, 5.7L & 8.1L, Savana Camper Special - 5.7L & 8.1L, Savana Special - 5.7L & 8.1L, Sierra - 4.3L, 4.8L, 5.3L, 6.0L & 8.1L, Silhouette, Silverado - 4.3L, 4.8L, 5.3L, 6.0L & 8.1L, Sonoma - 4.3L, Suburban, Tahoe, Trailblazer, Venture, Yukon & Yukon XL)
        • PCM Programming (Cab & Chassis, Chevy Express, Cutaway, RV Cutaway, Savana, Savana Camper Special & Savana Special - 6.5L)
        • Programming TDC Offset (Cab & Chassis, Chevy Express, Cutaway, RV Cutaway, Savana, Savana Camper Special & Savana Special - 6.5L)
        • PCM Programming (S10 Pickup - 2.2L, Sonoma - 2.2L & Tracker)
      • Theft Deterrent System Components
        • 10-Minute Learn Procedure (Avalanche, Astro, Blazer, Cab & Chassis, Chevy Express, Cutaway, Escalade, Escalade EXT, Jimmy Canadian, RV Cutaway, S10 Pickup, Safari, Savana, Savana Camper Special & Savana Special, Sierra, Silverado, Sonoma, Suburban, Tahoe, Yukon & Yukon XL)
        • 30-Minute Learn Procedure (Avalanche, Astro, Blazer, Cab & Chassis, Chevy Express, Cutaway, Escalade, Escalade EXT, Jimmy Canadian, RV Cutaway, S10 Pickup, Safari, Savana, Savana Camper Special & Savana Special, Sierra, Silverado, Sonoma, Suburban, Tahoe, Yukon & Yukon XL)
        • Set Up a New Theft Deterrent Control Module (Aztek, Montana, Rendezvous, Silhouette & Venture)
        • 10-Minute Learn Procedure (Aztek, Montana, Rendezvous, Silhouette & Venture)
        • 30-Minute Learn Procedure (Aztek, Montana, Rendezvous, Silhouette & Venture)
        • 10 Minute Learn Procedure With Standard Key (Bravada, Envoy, Envoy XL & Trailblazer)
        • 30 Minute Learn Procedure With Standard Key (Bravada, Envoy, Envoy XL & Trailblazer)
        • Procedure To Set Up New Theft Deterrent Control Module With Transponder Key (Bravada, Envoy, Envoy XL & Trailblazer)
        • 10 Minute Re-Learn Procedure (Bravada, Envoy, Envoy XL & Trailblazer)
        • Auto Learn Method (Vue)
        • Saturn Service Stall Method (Vue)
      • Throttle Body Relearn Procedure
        • Vue - 3.0L
    • Jeep
      • Drive Learn Procedure (Grand CHEROKEE & Liberty)
        • Notes
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth 1st Neutral To Drive Shift
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth Neutral To Drive Garage Shift
        • Procedure To Learn The 1st 2-3 Shift After A Restart Or Shift To Reverse
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth 2-3 & 3-4 Upshift
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth 4-3 Coastdown & Part Throttle 4-3 Kickdown
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth 1-2 Upshift & 3-2 Kickdown
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth Manual 2-1 Pulldown Shift As Well As A Neutral To Reverse Shift
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth Neutral To Reverse Shift
        • Procedure To Learn A Smooth 4-5 Upshift for 545RFE
      • Powertrain Control Module Programming
        • Notes
        • Updating Secret Key Data
      • Sentry Key Immobilizer Module Programming
      • Programming Ignition Keys To Sentry Key Immobilizer Module
        • Using Scan Tool
        • Using Customer Learn Method
      • Shift Quality Quick-Learn Procedure (Grand CHEROKEE & Liberty)
        • Overview
        • Quick-Learn Procedure
  • OBD-II Drive Cycles
    • 1996-99 Gasoline Models (Except Villager)
      • Introduction
      • Vehicle Preparation for OBD-II or Monitor Repair Verification Drive Cycle
      • OBD-II Drive Cycle
      • Monitor Repair Verification Drive Cycles
    • 1996 Villager
      • OBD-II Drive Cycle Test Procedure
      • Misfire Detection Repair Verification Drive Cycle
    • 1997-99 Villager
      • OBD-II Drive Cycle
    • 2000-04 Gasoline Models
      • Introduction
      • Drive Cycle Recommendations
      • Drive Cycle Procedures
    • 2005-09 Gasoline Models
      • Description of On Board Diagnostic (OBD) Drive Cycle
        • Notes
        • Drive Cycle Recommendations
    • 2010-12 Gasoline Models (Except Fiesta)
      • Description of On Board Diagnostic (OBD) Drive Cycle
      • Drive Cycle Recommendations
    • 2011-12 Fiesta
      • Description of On Board Diagnostic (OBD) Drive Cycle
      • Drive Cycle Recommendations
    • 2003-07 6.0L Diesel
      • Description
      • Drive Cycle Procedure:
    • 2008-10 6.4L Diesel
      • Description
      • Drive Cycle Procedure:
    • 2011-12 6.7L Diesel
      • Description
      • Drive Cycle Procedure
    • 1996-03 7.3L Diesel
      • Description
      • Performing Drive Cycle
    • 2005-09 Hybrid
      • Description
      • Drive Cycle Recommendations
    • 2005-12 Escape Hybrid
      • Description
      • Drive Cycle
    • 2011-12 Fusion Hybrid
      • Description
      • Drive Cycle Recommendations
  • Driveline/Axles
    • Drive Axle Noise Diagnosis - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Unrelated Noises
      • Non-Drive Axle Noises
      • Gear Noise
      • Chuckle
      • Knock
      • Clunk
      • Bearing Whine
      • Bearing Rumble
      • Chatter On Turns
      • Axle Shaft Noise
      • Vibration
    • Gear Tooth Contact Patterns - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Inspection
        • Notes
        • Gear Tooth Contact Pattern
      • Adjustments
        • Notes
        • Gear Backlash & Pinion Shim Changes
    • Map - Drive Train & Transmission
      • Drive Train & Transmission Systems
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
      • Drivetrain And Transmission
        • Notes
        • Actuators (Electrical)
        • Actuators (Vacuum)
        • Automatic Transmission / Transaxle Assemblies/CVTS
        • Automatic Transmission Fluid
        • Axles
        • Bearings And Races
        • Bell Cranks
        • Bell Housings
        • Bushings (External)
        • Cables (Speedometer)
        • Cables (TV, Detent And Shift)
        • Carrier Bearings
        • Clutch Cables And Cable Housings
        • Clutch Discs (Manual Transmissions)
        • Clutch Forks
        • Clutch Linkages (Mechanical)
        • Clutch Master Cylinders
        • Clutch Pedals
        • Clutch Pivots
        • Clutch Pressure Plates
        • Clutch Release Bearings
        • Clutch Slave Cylinders (Concentric)
        • Clutch Slave Cylinders (Conventional Or External)
        • Companion Flanges
        • Connectors
        • Cooler Bypass Valves
        • Cooler Lines
        • Coolers
        • CV Joints
        • Differential And Final Drive Assemblies
        • Differential Fluid
        • Dip Stick Tubes
        • Dip Sticks (Fluid Level Indicators)
        • Dowel Pins, Guides And Pilot Holes
        • Drain Plugs And Gaskets
        • Drive Shaft Flanges
        • Drive Shafts And Half Shafts
        • Dust Boots
        • Engine Mounts
        • Exciter Rings
        • Filler Tubes
        • Filters And Screens
        • Flanges
        • Flex Plates
        • Fluid Level Indicators
        • Fluids And Lubricants
        • Flywheels
        • Force Motors
        • Gaskets
        • Guides
        • Half Shafts
        • Hoses, Lines, And Tubes
        • Housings (Bell, Case, Tail(Extension) And Auxiliary)
        • Hydraulic Fluid
        • Intermediate Shaft Support Bearings
        • Key Interlock Systems
        • Limited Slips
        • Lines
        • Linkages (External)
        • Locking Hub Assemblies
        • Locking Hub Control Knobs
        • Lubricants
        • Manual Transmission Fluid
        • Manual Transmission/Transaxle Assemblies
        • Metal Clad Seals
        • METALASTIC Joints
        • Modulator Pins
        • Modulators
        • Mounts (Engine, Transaxle And Transmission)
        • Odometer Drives (Mechanical)
        • Odometer Heads (Mechanical)
        • Oil Pans
        • Pans
        • Pilot Holes
        • Pressure Plates
        • Pressure Switches
        • Races
        • Rubber Joints (METALASTIC)
        • Screens
        • Seals (Metal Clad)
        • Seals
        • Selector Interlock Systems
        • Sensors
        • Servos
        • Shift Interlock Systems (Selector And Key Interlock Systems)
        • Side Covers
        • Slip Yokes
        • Solenoids
        • Speed Sensors (Electronic Wheel And Vehicle)
        • Speedometer- Driven Gear Housing
        • Speedometer/Odometer Drives (Mechanical)
        • Speedometer/Odometer Heads (Mechanical)
        • Speedometers/Odometers (Electronic)
        • Switches
        • Tone Wheels
        • Toothed Rings (Tone Wheel)
        • Torque Converters
        • Transaxle Mounts
        • Transducers (Transmission)
        • Transfer Case Assemblies
        • Transfer Case Fluid
        • Transmission Coolers
        • Transmission Mounts
        • Transmission Pans
        • Transmission Range Indicators (PRNDL)
        • Tubes
        • Universal Joints (CARDAN Or Cross Type)
        • Vacuum Controls
        • Vacuum Hoses
        • Vacuum Motors
        • Vacuum-Operated Switches
        • Vehicle Speed Sensors
        • Vents
        • Vibration Dampers
        • Wheel Attachment Hardware
        • Wheel Speed Sensors
        • Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
        • Yokes And Slip Yokes
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
    • Trouble Shooting - Clutches - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • All Models
  • DTC Index
    • A/C-Heater Systems DTCS
    • Air Bag Restraint Systems DTCS
    • Anti-Lock Brakes DTCS
    • Anti-Theft Systems DTCS
    • Automatic Transmission Electronic Controls Diagnosis DTCS
    • Electric Cooling Fans DTCS
    • Evaporative Emissions DTCS
    • Instrument Panels DTCS
      • Instrument Panels (Generic Electronic Module)
      • Instrument Panel (4-Wheel Drive Control Module)
    • Power Door Locks & Remote Keyless Entry Systems DTCS
    • Power Windows DTCS
    • Self-Diagnostics DTCS
    • Steering Column Switches DTCS
    • Wiper/Washer Systems DTCS
  • Electrical
    • Map - Electrical Systems
      • Electrical Systems
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
        • Actuator Motors (Electric)
        • Actuator Motors (Vacuum)
        • Air Bags
        • Alternators And Generators
        • Amplifiers
        • Antennas
        • Batteries
        • Battery Cables, Wires And Connectors
        • Battery Cables
        • Battery Trays And Hold Down Hardware
        • Battery Wires
        • Belts
        • Bulb Sockets
        • Bulbs, Sealed Beams And LEDS
        • Cd Players
        • Cigarette Lighter Assemblies
        • Circuit Breakers
        • Clutch Switches
        • Connectors
        • Control Modules
        • Cruise Control Brake Switches
        • Cruise Control Cables
        • Cruise Control Clutch Switches
        • Cruise Control Linkages And Cables
        • Cruise Control Reservoirs
        • Cruise Control Tubes
        • Cruise Control Vacuum Dump Release Valves
        • Cruise Control Vacuum Hoses, Tubes And
        • Cruise Control Vehicle Speed Sensors
        • Defoggers
        • Defrosters
        • Delays
        • Dimmers
        • Electric Heaters
        • Equalizers
        • Fuse Blocks
        • Fuse Boxes And Blocks
        • Fuses, Fusible Links And Circuit Breakers
        • Fusible Links
        • Gauges
        • Generators
        • Ground Cables And Straps
        • Ground Straps
        • Headlight Adjusters
        • Heating Elements (Defrosters, Defoggers, Electric Heaters And Seats)
        • Horns And Sirens
        • Ignition Switches
        • Indicator Lights
        • Keyless Entry Keypads And Transmitters
        • Keyless Entry Transmitters
        • LEDS
        • Lenses
        • Microphones
        • Mirrors (ELECTROCHROMATIC And Heated)
        • Motors
        • Neutral Safety Switches
        • Odometers, Speedometers And Tachometers (Cable Driven)
        • Odometers
        • Power Distribution Center
        • Pulleys
        • Receivers, Amplifiers, Equalizers And Sub-Woofer Volume Controls
        • Relay Boxes
        • Relays
        • Sealed Beams
        • Seat Heaters
        • Security Alarm Sensors
        • Sirens
        • Solenoids
        • Speakers And Microphones
        • Speedometer And Tachometer Linkages And Cables
        • Speedometer Cables
        • Speedometers
        • Starters
        • Sub-Woofer Volume Control
        • Switches
        • Tachometer Cables
        • Tachometers
        • Tape Players And Cd Players
        • TENSIONERS
        • Timers
        • Transceivers
        • Transducers
        • Vacuum Accumulators (Reservoirs)
        • Voltage Regulators
        • Washer Fluid Level Senders
        • Washer Pumps
        • Wiper Arms And Blades
        • Wiper Blades
        • Wiper Hoses And Nozzles
        • Wiper Linkages
        • Wiper Nozzles
        • Wiper Pump Reservoirs
        • Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
      • Battery, Starting & Charging System CHECKSHEET
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
    • Using lemon2025'S System Wiring Diagrams
      • Introduction
      • Wiring Diagram Features And Controls
      • Wiring Diagram Color Abbreviations
      • Wiring Diagram Symbols
      • Wiring Diagram Ground Number Locations
      • Wiring Diagram Component Locations
  • Engine
    • Engine Overhaul Procedures - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Description
      • Engine Identification
      • Inspection Procedures
        • * Please Read This First *
        • General
        • Magnetic Particle Inspection
          • Notes
          • Magnaflux & Magnaglo
        • Penetrant Inspection
          • Notes
          • Zyglo
          • Dye Check
        • Ultrasonic Inspection
        • X-Ray Inspection
        • Pressure Testing
      • Cleaning Procedures
        • * Please Read This First *
        • General
        • Bead Blasting
        • Chemical Cleaning
      • Component Cleaning
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Sheet Metal Parts
        • Intake & Exhaust Manifolds
      • Cylinder Head Replacement
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Removal
        • Installation
        • Valve Adjustment
      • Cylinder Head Overhaul
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Cylinder Head Disassembly
        • Cylinder Head Cleaning & Inspection
        • Valve Springs
        • Valve Guide
          • Notes
          • Measuring Valve Guide Clearance
          • Reaming Valve Guide
          • Replacing Valve Guide
        • Valves & Valve Seats
          • Notes
          • Valve Grinding
          • Valve Lapping
          • Valve Seat Grinding
          • Valve Seat Replacement
          • Valve Seat Concentricity
        • Cylinder Head Reassembly
          • Notes
          • Valve Stem Installed Height
        • Valve Stem Oil Seals
          • Notes
          • Replacement (On-Vehicle)
        • Valve Spring Installed Height
        • Rocker Arms & Assemblies
          • Notes
          • Rocker Studs
          • Rocker Arms & Shafts
        • Push Rods
        • Lifters
          • Notes
          • Hydraulic Lifters
          • Mechanical Lifters
      • Pistons, Connecting Rods & Bearings
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Ridge Removal
        • Piston & Connecting Rod Removal
        • Piston & Connecting Rod
          • Notes
          • Disassembly
          • Cleaning
          • Inspection
        • Piston & Cylinder Bore Fit
        • Assembling Piston & Connecting Rod
        • Checking Piston Ring Clearances
        • Piston & Connecting Rod Installation
        • Connecting Rod Side Clearance
        • Main & Connecting Rod Bearing Clearance
          • Notes
          • Plastigage Method
          • Micrometer & Telescopic Gauge Method
      • Crankshaft & Main Bearings
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Removal
        • Cleaning & Inspection
        • Installation
        • Crankshaft End Play
          • Notes
          • Dial Indicator Method
          • Feeler Gauge Method
        • Cylinder Block
          • Notes
          • Block Cleaning
          • Block Inspection
          • Cylinder Bore Inspection
          • Cylinder Honing
          • Deck Warpage
          • Deck Height
          • Main Bearing Bore & Alignment
          • Expansion Plug Removal
          • Expansion Plug Installation
          • Oil Gallery Plug Removal
          • Oil Gallery Plug Installation
      • Camshaft
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Cleaning & Inspection
        • Camshaft Bearings
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Camshaft Installation
        • Camshaft End Play
      • Timing Chains & Belts
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Timing Chains
        • Timing Belts
        • Tension Adjustment
      • Timing Gears
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Timing Gear Backlash & RUNOUT
        • Rear Main Oil Seal Installation
          • Notes
          • One-Piece Type Seal
          • Rope Type Seal
          • Split-Rubber Type Seal
      • Oil Pump
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Rotor Type
        • Gear Type
      • Break-In Procedure
        • * Please Read This First *
        • Engine Pre-Oiling
        • Initial Start-Up
        • Camshaft
        • Piston Rings
        • Final Adjustments
    • General Cooling System Service - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Description
      • Maintenance
        • Draining
        • Flushing
          • Notes
          • Radiator
          • Engine Block
        • Refilling
      • Testing
        • Thermostat
        • Pressure Testing
          • Notes
          • Radiator Cap
          • Cooling System
  • Engine Performance
    • Electrostatic Discharge Warning - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Introduction
      • Handling Static-Sensitive Circuits/Devices
      • Checking Static-Sensitive Circuits/Devices
    • Engine Performance Diagnostic Routine Outline - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Where Does DRIVEABILITY Diagnosis Start?
        • Perform Basic Inspection
        • Check For Trouble Codes
        • Diagnose Symptom
        • Test System
    • Engine Performance Safety Precautions
      • Engine Performance Safety Precautions
    • Map - Engine Performance & Maintenance
      • Engine Performance And Maintenance (Including Exhaust Systems)
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
      • Engine Performance & Maintenance CHECKSHEET
      • Engine Performance And Maintenance
        • Notes
        • Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor
        • Accessory Belts
        • Accessory Pulleys
        • Air Conditioning Cycling Switches
        • Air Conditioning Pressure Sensors
        • Air Ducts And Tubes
        • Air Filter Elements
        • Air Filter Gaskets
        • Air Filter Housings And Gaskets
        • Air Fuel Ratio Sensors
        • Air Injection Control Solenoids
        • Air Plenums
        • Air Pump Belts
        • Air Pumps (Electric Driven)
        • Air Tubes
        • Aspirator, Check And DECEL Valves
        • Baffles
        • Ballast Primary Supply Resistor Wires
        • Ballast Resistors And Primary Supply Resistors
        • Barometric Pressure Sensors
        • Batteries
        • Battery Cables, Wires And Connectors
        • Battery Connectors
        • Battery Trays And Hold Down Hardware
        • Battery Wires
        • Belt Idler Assemblies (Accessory And Cam Belts)
        • Belt TENSIONERS (Accessory And Cam Belt)
        • Belt-Driven Air Pumps
        • Boost Control Mechanism
        • Camshaft Position Sensors
        • Carburetors And Chokes
        • Casting Core Plugs And Expansion Plugs
        • Charge Air Coolers ""INTERCOOLERS"" (CAC)
        • Check Valves
        • Chemical Engine DECARBONIZATION
        • Chokes
        • Clutch Pedal Position Switches
        • Cold Start Injectors
        • Combustion Chamber Cleaning
        • Connectors
        • Coolant Recovery Tanks
        • Coolant
        • Cooling Fan Motor Modules
        • Cooling Fan Motor Relays And Modules
        • Cooling Fan Motor Resistors
        • Cooling Fan Motor Sensors And Switches
        • Cooling Fan Motor Switches
        • Cooling Fan Motors
        • Crankshaft Position Sensors
        • Cylinder Deactivation Solenoid
        • Cylinder Head Assemblies
        • DECEL Valves
        • Deflectors
        • Dip Stick Tubes
        • Dip Sticks And Tubes
        • Distributor Advances And Retarders (Mechanical And Vacuum)
        • Distributor Boots And Shields
        • Distributor Caps
        • Distributor Retarders (Mechanical And Vacuum)
        • Distributor Rotors
        • Distributor Shields
        • Distributors
        • Early Fuel Evaporation Valves (Heat Riser Assemblies)
        • EGR Coolers
        • EGR Exhaust Manifold Passages
        • EGR Intake And Exhaust Manifold Passages
        • EGR Plates And Coolers
        • Electronic Spark Control Modules
        • Electronic Transmission Control Devices
        • Electronic Transmission Feedback Devices
        • Engine Coolant Temperature Sensors
        • Engine Cooling Systems
        • Engine Covers (Oil Pan, Valve Cover, Timing Cover)
        • Engine DECARBONIZATION
        • Engine Oil Canisters
        • Engine Oil Coolers (External)
        • Engine Oil Drain Plugs And Gaskets
        • Engine Oil Filters And Canisters
        • Engine Oil Gaskets
        • Engine Oil Pressure Gauges (Mechanical)
        • Engine Oil
        • Evaporative Emissions (EVAP) Canister Filters
        • Evaporative Emissions (EVAP) Canister Purge Devices
        • Evaporative Emissions (EVAP) Canisters
        • Evaporative Emissions (EVAP) Feedback Devices
        • Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION Devices
        • Exhaust Gas RECIRCULATION Feedback Devices
        • Expansion Plugs
        • Fan Control Sensor
        • Fuel Accumulators And Dampers
        • Fuel And Cold Start Injectors
        • Fuel Caps
        • Fuel Dampers
        • Fuel Delivery Check Valves
        • Fuel Distributors (BOSCH Cis)
        • Fuel Filler Necks And RESTRICTORS
        • Fuel Filters
        • Fuel Injector Cleaning
        • Fuel Injectors
        • Fuel Level Senders
        • Fuel Pressure Regulators
        • Fuel Pumps (In-Tank, External, Electrical Or Mechanical)
        • Fuel Rails
        • Fuel RESTRICTORS
        • Fuel System Cleaning Service
        • Fuel Tanks
        • Fuel
        • Gaskets
        • Grommets (Valve Cover)
        • Harmonic Dampers
        • Heater Control Valves
        • Heater Cores
        • Hose Clamps
        • Hose Connectors
        • Hose Couplers
        • Hoses And Tube Couplers, Connectors And Clamps
        • Hoses And Tubes (Fuel Lines, Radiator, Vacuum, By-Pass, Heater, Recovery Tank And Oil Coolers)
        • Housings
        • Idle Air Controls
        • Idle Speed Control Actuators
        • Ignition Boots
        • Ignition Coil Towers
        • Ignition Coils
        • Ignition Control Modules (ICM)
        • Ignition Switches
        • Ignition Terminals
        • Ignition Wires (Secondary)
        • Inertia Fuel Shut-Off Switches
        • Intake Air Temperature Sensors
        • Intake Cleaning
        • Intake Manifolds
        • In-Tank Fuel Strainers
        • INTERCOOLERS
        • Knock Sensors
        • Liquid Vapor Separators
        • Long Block Assemblies
        • Manifold Absolute Pressure (Map) Sensors
        • Mass Air Flow (MAF) Sensors
        • Metal Air Manifolds And Pipes
        • Metal Air Pipes
        • Mix Control Solenoids
        • Motor Mounts
        • O2 Sensors
        • Oil Pans
        • Oil Pressure Sending Units
        • Oil Pump Pick-Up Screens
        • Oil Pumps
        • O-Rings, Gaskets, Seals And Spring Locks
        • Park Neutral Position Switches
        • PCV Breather Elements
        • PCV Orifices
        • PCV Valves
        • Pick-Up Assemblies (Includes Magnetic, Hall Effect And Optical)
        • Power Steering Pressure Sensors
        • Powertrain Control Modules (Pcm) And Prom
        • Powertrain Control Prom
        • Pressurized Expansion Tank Caps
        • Radiator / Cooling Fan Blades
        • Radiator / Cooling Fan Clutches
        • Radiator Caps And Pressurized Expansion Tank Caps
        • Radiators
        • Roll Over Valves
        • Sealing Compounds
        • Seals
        • Secondary Air Injection System Management Devices
        • Sensors
        • Short Block Assemblies
        • Shrouds, Baffles And Deflectors
        • Spark Plugs
        • Spring Locks
        • Super Chargers
        • Switches
        • Thermal Vacuum Valves
        • Thermostatic Air Door Assemblies
        • Thermostats And Housings
        • Throttle Bodies
        • Throttle Body Cleaning
        • Throttle Cables
        • Throttle Linkages And Cables
        • Throttle Position Sensors
        • Throttle Position Switches
        • Timing Belt Sprockets
        • Timing Belts
        • Timing Covers
        • Torque Struts
        • Transmission Range Switches
        • Tube Clamps
        • Tube Connectors
        • Tube Couplers
        • Tubes
        • Turbo Chargers
        • Vacuum Connections
        • Vacuum Hoses, Tubes And Connections (Non-Metallic)
        • Vacuum Regulator Solenoids
        • Vacuum Tubes
        • Valve Covers
        • Vehicle Speed Senors
        • Volume Air Flow Sensors
        • Waste Gate And Boost Control Mechanisms
        • Waste Gate Control Solenoids
        • Water Pumps (Electric)
        • Water Pumps (Non-Electric)
        • Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
    • Parasitic Load Explanation & Test Procedures - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • General Information
      • Testing For Parasitic Load
        • Notes
        • CHRYSLER Ignition Off Draw (IOD) Test
        • Test Procedure Using Test Switch
        • Intermittent Parasitic Load Problems
        • Diode Check & Solenoid Test
        • Quad Driver Test
    • State Emission Standards - Diesel
      • ARIZONA
      • Colorado
      • CONNECTICUT
      • IDAHO
      • KENTUCKY
      • MASSACHUSETTS
      • New YORK
      • OHIO
      • RHODE Island
      • UTAH
      • WASHINGTON
    • State Emission Standards - Gas
      • ALASKA
      • ARIZONA
      • CALIFORNIA
        • California Emission Standards ASM Tests
        • Legend
        • Pass/Fail Emission Standards = A+B / VTW
      • Colorado
      • CONNECTICUT
      • DELAWARE
      • District Of COLUMBIA
      • GEORGIA
      • IDAHO
      • ILLINOIS
      • INDIANA
      • KENTUCKY
      • MARYLAND
      • MASSACHUSETTS
      • MISSOURI
      • NEVADA
      • New Jersey
      • New MEXICO
      • New YORK
      • North CAROLINA
      • OHIO
      • OREGON
      • PENNSYLVANIA
      • RHODE Island
      • TENNESSEE
      • TEXAS
      • UTAH
      • VIRGINIA
      • WASHINGTON
      • WISCONSIN
      • U. S. EPA ASM2525 & ASM5015 Start-Up Emission Standards
      • U. S. EPA Revised Final ASM Emission Standards (ASM5015 & ASM2525)
      • U.S. EPA Im240 Emission Standards
        • Start-Up Standards
        • Final Standards
    • Waveforms - Injector Pattern Tutorial - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Purpose Of This Article
        • Notes
        • Scope Of This Article
      • Is A Lab Scope Necessary?
        • Introduction
        • Overview Of NOID Light
          • Notes
          • Use the Right Noid Light
        • Overview Of DVOM
          • Notes
          • Checking Injector Resistance
          • Checking Available Voltage At the Injector
          • Checking Injector On-Time With Built-In Function
          • Checking Injector On-Time With Dwell Or Duty
          • How A Duty Cycle Meter and Dwell Meter Work
          • Strengths of Dwell/Duty Meter
          • Weaknesses of Dwell/Duty Meter
      • The Two Types Of Injector Drivers
        • Notes
        • Overview
        • Voltage Controlled Circuit ("Saturated Switch")
        • Current Controlled Circuit ("Peak & Hold")
      • The Two Ways Injector Circuits Are Wired
      • Interpreting Injector Waveforms
        • Notes
        • Interpreting A Voltage Controlled Pattern
        • Interpreting A Current Controlled Pattern
      • Current Waveform Samples
        • Notes
        • Example #1 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #2 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #3 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #4 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #5 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #6 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #7 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #8 - Current Controlled Driver
      • Voltage Waveform Samples
        • Notes
        • Example #1 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #2 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #3 - Voltage Controlled Driver
        • Example #4 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #5 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #6 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #7 - Current Controlled Driver
        • Example #8 - Current Controlled Driver
  • Map - Exhaust Systems
    • Exhaust Systems
      • Notes
      • Map Standards Of Service
      • The Map Process - Overview
      • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
      • Catalytic Converters
      • Exhaust And Tail Pipes
      • Exhaust Connections
      • Hangers
      • Heat Risers (Mechanical EFE Devices)
      • Heat Shields
      • Manifolds (Cast And Tube Type)
      • Mechanical EFE Devices
      • Muffler Valve
      • Mufflers And Resonators
    • Reason Code Explanation
  • Heating, Ventilation & A/C (HVAC)
    • Map - Heating, Ventilation, & Air Conditioning
      • Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning Systems
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
        • Accumulators
        • Actuators (Electrical)
        • Actuators (Vacuum)
        • Air Conditioning Fittings
        • Air Conditioning Hoses
        • Air Conditioning Metal Lines
        • Air Control Doors
        • Air Dams (External)
        • Air Distribution System
        • Belts
        • Blend Doors
        • Blower Fans (Blower Wheel Or Squirrel Cage)
        • Blower Motors
        • Blower Resistors
        • Blower Switches
        • Cabin Air Filters
        • Circuit Breakers
        • Compressor Clutch Assemblies
        • Compressors
        • Condenser Air Seals
        • Condenser Fan Motors
        • Condensers
        • Connectors
        • Control Cables
        • Control Heads (Function Selectors)
        • Control Linkages
        • Control Modules
        • Coolant
        • Cooling Fan Blades
        • Cooling Fan Clutches
        • Cooling Fan Motors
        • Evaporator Drain Tubes
        • Evaporator Filters
        • Evaporator Pressure Regulators (EPRS)
        • Evaporators
        • Expansion Valves
        • Function Selectors
        • Fuses, Fusible Links And Circuit Breakers
        • Fusible Links
        • Gaskets
        • Heater Cases
        • Heater Control Valves
        • Heater Cores
        • Heater Hoses
        • High Pressure Relief Valves (HPRV)
        • Idlers
        • In-Line Filters
        • Metal Fittings
        • Metal Lines
        • Mix And Air Control Doors (Blend Doors)
        • ORIFACE Tubes
        • O-Rings
        • Pilot-Operated Absolutes (POAS)
        • Plenums
        • Pressure Control Valves
        • Pressure Sensors
        • Pulleys
        • Radiators
        • Receiver-DRIERS
        • Refrigerant Oil
        • Refrigerant
        • Relays
        • Seals
        • Service Ports
        • Spring Lock Couplings
        • Suction Throttling Valves (STVS)
        • Switches (Electrical)
        • TENSIONERS
        • Thermistors And Pressure Sensors
        • Thermostats And Housings
        • Vacuum Hoses And Tubes
        • Vacuum Reservoirs
        • Vacuum Tubes
        • Valves In Receiver (VIRS)
        • Water Pumps (Electric Auxiliary)
        • Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
      • Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning System CHECKSHEET
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
  • Identification
    • CANADIAN Model Cross-Reference
      • * Please Read This First *
      • ACURA
      • ASUNA
      • AUDI
      • BMW
      • CHRYSLER Corp.
        • CHRYSLER
        • Dodge
        • Eagle
        • PLYMOUTH
      • General Motors
        • BUICK
        • CHEVROLET
        • GMC
        • OLDSMOBILE
        • Optima
        • PONTIAC
      • HYUNDAI
      • Jaguar
      • KIA
      • MAZDA
      • MERCEDES-BENZ
      • Mercury
      • MERKUR
      • MITSUBISHI
      • NISSAN
      • RENAULT
      • SATURN
      • Smart
      • SUBARU
      • SUZUKI
      • TOYOTA
      • VOLKSWAGEN
      • VOLVO
      • All Others
    • Engine Introduction - Trucks
      • Engine Introduction - Trucks
        • Notes
        • Vehicle Identification Number Description
          • Notes
          • World Manufacturer Identifier - Position 1
          • Brake Type & Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) - Position 2
          • Line, Series & Body Type Code - Position 3
          • Engine Code - Position 4
          • Computer-Generated Check Digit - Position 5
          • Model Year Code - Position 6
          • Assembly Plant Code - Position 7
          • Production Sequence Number - Position 8
        • Model/Year VIN Code Applications
        • Engine Code Location
  • Metric Conversions
    • Engine Displacement Conversion Table - ECAT
      • Conversion Table
    • Metric Conversions
      • Metric Conversions
        • Notes
        • Length
        • Volume
        • Torque
        • Pressure
      • Conversion Factors
  • OEM General Information
    • Engine Introduction - Trucks
      • Engine Introduction - Trucks
        • Notes
        • Vehicle Identification Number Description
          • Notes
          • World Manufacturer Identifier - Position 1
          • Brake Type & Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) - Position 2
          • Line, Series & Body Type Code - Position 3
          • Engine Code - Position 4
          • Computer-Generated Check Digit - Position 5
          • Model Year Code - Position 6
          • Assembly Plant Code - Position 7
          • Production Sequence Number - Position 8
        • Model/Year VIN Code Applications
        • Engine Code Location
  • Maintenance Reminder Light (Reset Procedures)
    • A/C Filter Service Reminder
      • Notes
      • A/C Filter Service Reminder Reset Procedure
    • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder
      • Notes
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
        • Oil Life Reset - Base Instrument Cluster
        • Oil Life Reset - Message Center Instrument Cluster
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 04
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 05
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 06
        • Non-Hybrid
        • Hybrid
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 07
        • Owner's Manual 1
        • Owner's Manual 2
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 08
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 09
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 10
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 11
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 12
        • With Base Instrument Cluster
        • With Message Center Instrument Cluster
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 13
        • With Message Center Instrument Cluster
        • With Base Instrument Cluster
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 14
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 15
        • Base Message Center
        • Uplevel Message Center
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 16
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 17
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 18
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 19
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 20
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 21
        • Notes
        • Without Message Center
        • With Message Center
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 22
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 23
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 24
        • Path 1
        • Path 2
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 25
        • Base Cluster
        • High Series Cluster
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 26
        • Resetting The Engine Oil Change Reminder - Vehicles With: 2.3 Inch Screen/4.2 Inch Screen
        • Resetting The Engine Oil Change Reminder - Vehicles With: 8 Inch Screen
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 27
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 28
    • Maintenance Service Reminder (Overhead Warning Lights)
      • Notes
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset Procedure
    • Maintenance Service Reminder (Sri)
      • Notes
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
    • Maintenance Service Reminder (VMM)
      • Notes
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
    • Tire Pressure Monitor System Reminder
      • Notes
      • Tire Pressure Sensor Types
        • Notes
        • Banded Sensor
        • Valve Mounted Bolt-On Sensor
        • Valve Mounted Snap-In Sensor
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 04
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 05
        • Notes
        • Vehicles With Message Center
        • Vehicles Without Message Center
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 07
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 08
        • Notes
        • Performing the System Reset Procedure - Single Rear Wheel
        • Performing the System Reset Procedure - Dual Rear Wheel
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 09
        • Overview
        • Carrying Out the System Reset Procedure
        • To reset the tire pressure monitoring system for vehicles equipped with 2.3" information display, scroll to:
        • To reset the tire pressure monitoring system for vehicles equipped with 4.2" information display, scroll to:
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 10
  • Specifications Index
    • Common Specs & Procedures
      • Specifications Index
  • Steering
    • Map - Steering, Suspension, Wheel Alignment, Wheels & Tires
      • Steering & Suspension Systems
        • Notes
        • Map Standards Of Service
        • The Map Process - Overview
        • The Map Process - Overview Of Service Requirements And Suggestions
      • Wheel And Tire
        • Notes
        • Tires
        • Mounting Tires
        • Vehicle Tire Placard
        • Tire Rotation
        • Wheel Lug Nut Torque & Clamping Force
        • Popular Tire Rotation Patterns
        • Wheels And Rims
        • Tire Pressure Monitoring Systems
      • Steering & Suspension CHECKSHEET
      • Wheels & Tires CHECKSHEET
      • Steering And Suspension, Wheel Alignment, Wheels And Tires
        • Notes
        • Active Handling
        • Active Suspension Control Modules
        • Active Variable Ratio Steering
        • Active Yaw Control
        • Adaptive Cruise Control
        • Advance TRAC
        • Air Bags
        • Air Ride Control Modules
        • Air Ride Suspension Torsion Springs (Counter Balancing)
        • Air Ride Suspension
        • Air Ride Tubes
        • Air Shocks And Air Struts
        • Air Spring Valves
        • Air Springs
        • Air Suspension Control Valves
        • Air Suspension DRIERS
        • Axle Acceleration Sensor
        • Ball Joints
        • Body Acceleration Sensor
        • Bushings
        • Center Links
        • Compressors
        • Continuous Damping Control
        • Control Arm Shafts
        • Control Arms
        • Control Modules
        • Distance Regulation Control Module
        • Distance Regulation Sensor
        • Drag Links
        • Dynamic Stability Control
        • Dynamic Stability Traction Control
        • Electronic Ride Control Shocks And Struts
        • Electronic Stability Control
        • Electronic Suspension System
        • Flex Couplers
        • Gaskets
        • Height Sensors
        • Hydraulic Hoses
        • Hydraulic Power Steering Pumps
        • Hydraulic Suspension Hoses
        • Hydraulic Suspension Pumps
        • Idler Arms
        • Intermediate Shaft U-Joints
        • King Pins
        • Modules
        • Pitman Arms
        • Power Steering Belts
        • Power Steering Coolers
        • Power Steering Fluid
        • Power Steering Hoses
        • Power Steering Lines (Steel)
        • Power Steering Pumps - Electric
        • Power Steering Pumps
        • Radar Sensor
        • Radius Arms
        • Relay Rods
        • Relays
        • Sensors
        • Shock Absorbers, Strut Cartridges And Strut Assemblies
        • Spindles
        • Springs, Coil, Leaf And Torsion Bars
        • STABILITRAC
        • Stability Management System
        • Steering Angle Sensor
        • Steering Arms
        • Steering Couplers
        • Steering Dampers
        • Steering Gears (Except Rack And Pinion)
        • Steering Gears, Rack And Pinion
        • Steering Knuckles
        • Strike Out Bumpers
        • Strut Bearing Plate Assemblies
        • Strut Rods
        • Suspension Pumps (Hydraulic)
        • Sway Bar Links
        • Sway Bar Mounting Bushings
        • Sway Bars
        • Switches
        • Tie Rod Ends (Inner And Outer)
        • Tire Pressure Monitoring System
        • Tire Pressure Sensors
        • Tires
        • Torque Sensor
        • Torsion Springs
        • Track Bar Bushings
        • Track Bars
        • Trailing Arm Bushings
        • Trailing Arms
        • Valve Stems
        • Vehicle Dynamics Control
        • Vehicle Speed Sensor
        • Vehicle Stability Assist
        • Vehicle Stability/Skid Control
        • Warning Lamps
        • Wheel Alignment
        • Wheel Attachment Hardware
        • Wheel Bearings, Races And Seals
        • Wheels (Rims)
        • Wiring Harnesses And Connectors
      • Reason Code Explanation
      • Automotive Terminology & Definitions
    • Wheel Alignment Theory & Operation - General Information
      • * Please Read This First *
      • Pre-Alignment Instructions
        • Notes
        • General Alignment Checks
      • Adjustments
        • Notes
        • Camber
        • Caster
        • Toe-In Adjustment
        • Toe-Out On Turns
        • Steering Axis Inclination
  • Traction Control Disable Procedures
    • Traction Control Disable
  • Trouble Shooting - Manual Transmission - General Information
    • * Please Read This First *
    • Introduction
• Heating, Ventilation & A/C (HVAC)
  • A/C Compressor
    • HVAC Systems - Compressor Servicing
      • Ford FS-10 10-Cylinder
        • Notes
        • Clutch & Clutch Field Coil
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Ford SC115 Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
      • General Motors DELPHI-Thermal (HARRISON) CVC- 6/CVC-7, Hd6/Ht6/HU6, Hd6/Hr-6HE 6, V5 & V7.
        • Compressor Clutch Plate & Hub Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Compressor Control Valve (Variable Displacement Compressors Only)
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Compressor Pressure Relief Valve
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Clutch Rotor/Bearing
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • High Pressure Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Identifying Compressor Components
        • Shaft Seal
      • MITSUBISHI ASTT
      • MITSUBISHI Scroll
      • NIPPONDENSO 10-Cylinder
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Shaft Seal
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • NIPPONDENSO 10S15/10S17/10S20
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
      • NIPPONDENSO 10PA17 10-Cylinder
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal (All Models Except Grand Cherokee)
          • Installation (All Models Except Grand Cherokee)
          • Removal (Grand Cherokee)
          • Installation (Grand Cherokee)
        • Shaft Seal
      • SANDEN Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal & Installation (General Motors)
      • SANDEN SD-7H15 7-Cylinder
        • Notes
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal (All Models)
          • Installation (Cherokee)
          • Installation (Dakota, Durango & Ram Pickup)
      • SANDEN TRS-90 Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • SANDEN TRS-105 Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
      • ZEXEL (SATURN - Variable Displacement Type)
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal ("S" Series)
          • Installation ("S" Series)
          • Removal ("L" Series)
          • Installation ("L" Series)
          • Removal (VUE)
          • Installation (VUE)
        • Pressure Relief Valve
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
  • General Servicing
    • Cabin Air Filter (Special Applications) - General Information
      • Cabin Air Filter Applications
    • HVAC Systems - Compressor Servicing
      • Ford FS-10 10-Cylinder
        • Notes
        • Clutch & Clutch Field Coil
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Ford SC115 Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
      • General Motors DELPHI-Thermal (HARRISON) CVC- 6/CVC-7, Hd6/Ht6/HU6, Hd6/Hr-6HE 6, V5 & V7.
        • Compressor Clutch Plate & Hub Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Compressor Control Valve (Variable Displacement Compressors Only)
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Compressor Pressure Relief Valve
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Clutch Rotor/Bearing
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • High Pressure Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Identifying Compressor Components
        • Shaft Seal
      • MITSUBISHI ASTT
      • MITSUBISHI Scroll
      • NIPPONDENSO 10-Cylinder
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Shaft Seal
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • NIPPONDENSO 10S15/10S17/10S20
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
      • NIPPONDENSO 10PA17 10-Cylinder
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal (All Models Except Grand Cherokee)
          • Installation (All Models Except Grand Cherokee)
          • Removal (Grand Cherokee)
          • Installation (Grand Cherokee)
        • Shaft Seal
      • SANDEN Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal & Installation (General Motors)
      • SANDEN SD-7H15 7-Cylinder
        • Notes
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal (All Models)
          • Installation (Cherokee)
          • Installation (Dakota, Durango & Ram Pickup)
      • SANDEN TRS-90 Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • SANDEN TRS-105 Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
      • ZEXEL (SATURN - Variable Displacement Type)
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal ("S" Series)
          • Installation ("S" Series)
          • Removal ("L" Series)
          • Installation ("L" Series)
          • Removal (VUE)
          • Installation (VUE)
        • Pressure Relief Valve
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • HVAC Systems - General Servicing
      • USING R-134a REFRIGERANT
        • Handling/Safety Precautions
        • IDENTIFYING R-134a SYSTEMS & COMPONENTS
          • Notes
          • Fittings & "O" Rings
          • Underhood A/C Specification Labels
        • Refrigerant Oils
      • System Service Valves
        • SCHRADER-Type Valves
        • Special Valve Connectors
        • R-134a SERVICE VALVES/PORTS
        • Service Valve Locations
      • Service Equipment
      • Manifold Gauge Set
        • Notes
        • Connecting Gauge Set
          • Notes
          • Schrader-Type Valves
        • Stabilizing A/C System
      • Pressure-Temperature Relationship
      • Pressure Gauge Readings
      • Recovery/Evacuation & Recharging
        • DAIMLERCHRYSLER Corp.
          • Notes
          • Refrigerant System Service Equipment
          • Manifold Gauge Set Connections
          • Refrigerant Recovery
          • Refrigerant System Evacuate
          • Refrigerant System Charge
        • Ford Motor Co.
          • Notes
          • Refrigerant System Recovery
          • Refrigerant System Evacuation
          • Refrigerant System Charging
        • General Motors
        • Jeep
      • Filtering Procedures (Ford)
        • A/C System Filtering (Focus)
        • A/C System Filtering (Villager)
        • A/C System Filtering (Except Focus & Villager)
      • Flushing Procedures
        • DAIMLERCHRYSLER Corp.
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
        • Jeep
      • Leak Testing
        • Notes
        • Types Of Leak Detectors
          • Bubble Solution Detector
          • Dye Solution
          • Fluorescent Leak Detection
          • Electronic Leak Detector
        • Preparation For Leak Testing
        • Bubble Detector Leak Testing Procedure
        • Electronic Leak Testing Procedure
        • Dye Solution Leak Testing Procedures
        • Fluorescent Dye Leak Testing Procedures
  • HVAC Control Systems
    • HVAC System
      • Description
        • Notes
        • Heater System
        • Temperature Blend Door Control Cable
      • Operation
        • Control Panel Assembly
          • Temperature Control Knob
          • Function Control Knob
          • Blower Switch
        • Blower Motor Resistor
      • Component Locations
      • Trouble Shooting
        • Preliminary Inspection
      • Symptom Tests
        • Notes
        • Test A: Incorrect/Erratic Direction Of Airflow From Outlet
          • Notes
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Test B: Insufficient, Erratic, Or No Heat
          • Notes
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Test F: No Operation In All Temperature Settings
          • Notes
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Test G: The Blower Motor Is Inoperative
          • Notes
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Test H: The Blower Motor Does Not Operate Correctly
          • Notes
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Test I: No Operation In High Blower Setting
          • Notes
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Test J: The Blower Motor Operates Continuously In High Speed
          • Notes
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Test K: No Operation In Lower Blower Setting
          • Notes
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedure
      • Component Tests
        • Notes
        • Heater Core
          • Notes
          • Plug Test
          • Pressure Test (On Vehicle)
          • Pressure Test (Bench)
        • Function Control Knob Switch
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Blower Motor
          • Removal & Installation
        • Blower Motor Switch
          • Removal & Installation
        • Control Panel Assembly
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Function Selector Switch
          • Removal & Installation
        • Heater Core
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Instrument Panel
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Temperature Blend Door Actuator
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Temperature Blend Door Control Cable
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Vacuum Control Motor
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation (Panel/Floor Door)
          • Removal & Installation (Panel Defrost Door)
          • Removal & Installation (Air Inlet Door)
        • Vacuum Reservoir
          • Removal & Installation
      • Torque Specifications
      • Vacuum Hose Diagram(S)
      • Wiring Diagrams
    • HVAC Systems - Compressor Servicing
      • Ford FS-10 10-Cylinder
        • Notes
        • Clutch & Clutch Field Coil
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Ford SC115 Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
      • General Motors DELPHI-Thermal (HARRISON) CVC- 6/CVC-7, Hd6/Ht6/HU6, Hd6/Hr-6HE 6, V5 & V7.
        • Compressor Clutch Plate & Hub Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Compressor Control Valve (Variable Displacement Compressors Only)
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Compressor Pressure Relief Valve
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Clutch Rotor/Bearing
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • High Pressure Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Identifying Compressor Components
        • Shaft Seal
      • MITSUBISHI ASTT
      • MITSUBISHI Scroll
      • NIPPONDENSO 10-Cylinder
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Shaft Seal
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • NIPPONDENSO 10S15/10S17/10S20
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
      • NIPPONDENSO 10PA17 10-Cylinder
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal (All Models Except Grand Cherokee)
          • Installation (All Models Except Grand Cherokee)
          • Removal (Grand Cherokee)
          • Installation (Grand Cherokee)
        • Shaft Seal
      • SANDEN Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal & Installation (General Motors)
      • SANDEN SD-7H15 7-Cylinder
        • Notes
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal (All Models)
          • Installation (Cherokee)
          • Installation (Dakota, Durango & Ram Pickup)
      • SANDEN TRS-90 Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • SANDEN TRS-105 Scroll
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shaft Seal
      • ZEXEL (SATURN - Variable Displacement Type)
        • Clutch Assembly
          • Removal ("S" Series)
          • Installation ("S" Series)
          • Removal ("L" Series)
          • Installation ("L" Series)
          • Removal (VUE)
          • Installation (VUE)
        • Pressure Relief Valve
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • HVAC Systems - General Servicing
      • USING R-134a REFRIGERANT
        • Handling/Safety Precautions
        • IDENTIFYING R-134a SYSTEMS & COMPONENTS
          • Notes
          • Fittings & "O" Rings
          • Underhood A/C Specification Labels
        • Refrigerant Oils
      • System Service Valves
        • SCHRADER-Type Valves
        • Special Valve Connectors
        • R-134a SERVICE VALVES/PORTS
        • Service Valve Locations
      • Service Equipment
      • Manifold Gauge Set
        • Notes
        • Connecting Gauge Set
          • Notes
          • Schrader-Type Valves
        • Stabilizing A/C System
      • Pressure-Temperature Relationship
      • Pressure Gauge Readings
      • Recovery/Evacuation & Recharging
        • DAIMLERCHRYSLER Corp.
          • Notes
          • Refrigerant System Service Equipment
          • Manifold Gauge Set Connections
          • Refrigerant Recovery
          • Refrigerant System Evacuate
          • Refrigerant System Charge
        • Ford Motor Co.
          • Notes
          • Refrigerant System Recovery
          • Refrigerant System Evacuation
          • Refrigerant System Charging
        • General Motors
        • Jeep
      • Filtering Procedures (Ford)
        • A/C System Filtering (Focus)
        • A/C System Filtering (Villager)
        • A/C System Filtering (Except Focus & Villager)
      • Flushing Procedures
        • DAIMLERCHRYSLER Corp.
        • Ford Motor Co.
        • General Motors
        • Jeep
      • Leak Testing
        • Notes
        • Types Of Leak Detectors
          • Bubble Solution Detector
          • Dye Solution
          • Fluorescent Leak Detection
          • Electronic Leak Detector
        • Preparation For Leak Testing
        • Bubble Detector Leak Testing Procedure
        • Electronic Leak Testing Procedure
        • Dye Solution Leak Testing Procedures
        • Fluorescent Dye Leak Testing Procedures
    • Manual A/C-Heater Systems
      • Specifications
      • Description
      • Operation
        • Control Panel Assembly
          • Function Control Knob
        • Compressor Anti-Slugging Strategy
      • Component Locations
      • Trouble Shooting
        • Preliminary Inspection
      • Performance Tests
        • A/C System Performance
          • Notes
          • Compressor Discharge (High) Pressure
          • Compressor Suction (Low) Pressure
          • A/C Clutch On Time
          • A/C Clutch Off Time
          • A/C Clutch Cycle Time
          • A/C Clutch Cycle Rate Per Minute
          • A/C Register Discharge Temperature
      • Self-Diagnostic System
        • Retrieving Diagnostic Trouble Codes
        • Diagnostic Trouble Code Definitions
        • Clearing Diagnostic Trouble Codes
        • Summary
      • Symptom Tests
        • Notes
        • Test C: A/C Does Not Operate Or Does Not Operate Properly
          • Notes
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Test D: A/C Is Always On
          • Notes
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Test E: Insufficient A/C Cooling
          • Notes
          • Possible Causes
          • Diagnostic Procedure
      • Component Tests
        • Notes
        • A/C Evaporator/Condenser Core, On-Vehicle Leak Test
        • A/C Compressor, External Leak Test
        • Function Control Knob Switch
      • On Vehicle Service
        • Notes
        • Cleaning Spring Lock Couplings
        • Fuel System Pressure Release
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • Accumulator-Drier
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • A/C Cycling Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • A/C Pressure Cut-Off Switch
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • A/C Pressure Relief Valve
          • Removal & Installation
        • Compressor
          • Notes
          • Removal (2.3L Engine)
          • Removal (2.5L Engine)
          • Removal (3.0L Engine)
          • Removal (4.0L Engine)
          • Installation
        • Compressor-To-Condenser Discharge Line
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Compressor Manifold & Tube Assembly
          • Removal (2.3L)
          • Installation
          • Removal (2.5L)
          • Removal (3.0L)
          • Removal (4.0L)
        • Condenser
          • Notes
          • Removal (2.3L)
          • Removal (Except 2.3L)
          • Installation
        • Evaporator Core
        • Evaporator Core Housing
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Orifice Tube
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
      • Torque Specifications
      • Wiring Diagrams
• Maintenance
  • Maintenance Reminder Light (Reset Procedures)
    • A/C Filter Service Reminder
      • Notes
      • A/C Filter Service Reminder Reset Procedure
    • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder
      • Notes
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
        • Oil Life Reset - Base Instrument Cluster
        • Oil Life Reset - Message Center Instrument Cluster
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 04
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 05
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 06
        • Non-Hybrid
        • Hybrid
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 07
        • Owner's Manual 1
        • Owner's Manual 2
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 08
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 09
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 10
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 11
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 12
        • With Base Instrument Cluster
        • With Message Center Instrument Cluster
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 13
        • With Message Center Instrument Cluster
        • With Base Instrument Cluster
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 14
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 15
        • Base Message Center
        • Uplevel Message Center
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 16
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 17
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 18
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 19
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 20
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 21
        • Notes
        • Without Message Center
        • With Message Center
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 22
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 23
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 24
        • Path 1
        • Path 2
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 25
        • Base Cluster
        • High Series Cluster
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 26
        • Resetting The Engine Oil Change Reminder - Vehicles With: 2.3 Inch Screen/4.2 Inch Screen
        • Resetting The Engine Oil Change Reminder - Vehicles With: 8 Inch Screen
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 27
      • Engine Oil Replacement Reminder Reset - Procedure 28
    • Maintenance Service Reminder (Overhead Warning Lights)
      • Notes
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset Procedure
    • Maintenance Service Reminder (Sri)
      • Notes
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
    • Maintenance Service Reminder (VMM)
      • Notes
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
      • Maintenance Service Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
    • Tire Pressure Monitor System Reminder
      • Notes
      • Tire Pressure Sensor Types
        • Notes
        • Banded Sensor
        • Valve Mounted Bolt-On Sensor
        • Valve Mounted Snap-In Sensor
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 01
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 02
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 03
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 04
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 05
        • Notes
        • Vehicles With Message Center
        • Vehicles Without Message Center
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 07
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 08
        • Notes
        • Performing the System Reset Procedure - Single Rear Wheel
        • Performing the System Reset Procedure - Dual Rear Wheel
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 09
        • Overview
        • Carrying Out the System Reset Procedure
        • To reset the tire pressure monitoring system for vehicles equipped with 2.3" information display, scroll to:
        • To reset the tire pressure monitoring system for vehicles equipped with 4.2" information display, scroll to:
      • TPMS Reminder Reset - Procedure 10
• Restraints
  • Air Bag, SRS
    • Supplemental Inflatable Restraint System
      • Description & Operation
        • Notes
        • Back-Up Power Supply
        • CLOCKSPRING
        • Driver-Side Air Bag Module
        • Passenger-Side Air Bag Deactivate (Pad) Switch
        • Passenger-Side Air Bag Module
        • Restraints Control Module (RCM)
        • Seat Belt PRETENSIONERS
      • Component Locations
      • System Operation Check
      • Air Bag Safety Precautions
      • Adjustments
        • CLOCKSPRING Centering
      • Disabling & Activating Air Bag System
        • Notes
        • Disabling System
          • Notes
          • For Component Replacement (Seat Belt Pretensioners)
          • For Component Replacement (Driver & Passenger AIR Bags)
          • For Diagnostics (Seat Belt Pretensioners)
          • For Diagnostics (Driver & Passenger AIR Bags)
        • Activating System
          • For Component Replacement (Driver & Passenger AIR Bags)
          • For Diagnostics (Driver & Passenger AIR Bags)
        • Air Bag Simulator (Driver & Passenger Air Bags)
      • Disposal Procedures
        • Notes
        • Deployed Air Bag (Driver & Passenger Air Bags)
        • UNDEPLOYED Air Bag-Faulty Unit (Driver & Passenger Air Bags)
        • Scrapped Vehicle (Driver & Passenger Air Bags)
          • Notes
          • Remote Deployment Of AIR Bag (Driver & Passenger AIR Bags)
          • Remote Deployment Of Seat Belt Pretensioners (Driver & Passenger AIR Bags)
      • Post-Collision Inspection
      • Removal & Installation
        • Notes
        • CLOCKSPRING
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Driver-Side Air Bag Module
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Front Seat
          • Removal & Installation
        • Generic Electronic Module (Gem)
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
        • Instrument Cluster
          • Removal & Installation
        • Passenger-Side Air Bag Module
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Passenger-Side Air Bag Deactivate (Pad) Switch
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Restraints Control Module (RCM)
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Seat Belt PRETENSIONERS
          • Removal & Installation
        • Steering Wheel
          • Notes
          • Removal & Installation
      • Diagnostics
        • Notes
        • Self-Diagnostics
        • Diagnostic Procedure
        • Inspection & Verification
        • Using Scan Tool
        • Retrieving Fault Codes
        • Clearing Fault Codes
        • On-Demand Self-Test
        • Active Commands
        • PID/Data Monitor & Record
      • Diagnostic Tests
        • Test A: Air Bag Warning Light On Continuously-RCM Disconnected Or Inoperative
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test B: RCM Bracket Ground Resistance High (DTC B1921)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test C: Incorrect Vehicle Identification Code (DTC C1414)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test D: Driver-Side Air Bag Circuit Short To Ground (DTC B1887)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test E: Driver-Side Air Bag Circuit Short To Battery Or Ignition (DTC B1916)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test F: Passenger-Side Air Bag Circuit Short To Ground (DTC B1888)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test G: Passenger-Side Air Bag Circuit Short To Battery Or Ignition (DTC B1925)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test H: Driver-Side Air Bag Resistance High (DTC B1932)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test I: Passenger-Side Air Bag Resistance High (DTC B1933)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test J: Driver-Side Air Bag Low Resistance (DTC B1934)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test K: Passenger-Side Air Bag Resistance Low (DTC B1935)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test L: Passenger Air Bag Deactivation (Pad) Switch Fault (DTC B1871)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test M: Passenger Air Bag Deactivation (Pad) Switch Warning Light Inoperative (DTC B1884)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test N: Passenger Air Bag Deactivation (Pad) Switch Warning Light Short To Battery (DTC B1890)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test O: Air Bag Tone Warning Indicator Circuit Short To Ground Or Open (DTC B1892)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test P: Air Bag Tone Warning Indicator Circuit Short To Battery Or Ignition (B1891)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test Q: Air Bag Warning Light Circuit Open (DTC B1869)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test R: Air Bag Warning Light Short To Battery Voltage (DTC B1870)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test S: Left PRETENSIONER Circuit Resistance Low Or High (DTC B1885/B1877)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test T: Right PRETENSIONER Circuit Resistance Low Or High (DTC B1881/B1886)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test U: Left PRETENSIONER Circuit Short To Battery Or Ignition (DTC B1878)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test V: Left PRETENSIONER Circuit Short To Ground (DTC B1879)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test W: Right PRETENSIONER Circuit Short To Battery Or Ignition (DTC B1882)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test X: Right PRETENSIONER Circuit Short To Ground (DTC B1883)
          • Notes
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
        • Test Y: No Communication With RCM
          • Description
          • Possible Causes
      • Wire Repair
        • Notes
        • Repair Procedure
      • Torque Specifications
      • Wiring Diagrams
    • Supplemental Inflatable Restraint System -- Air Bag/SRS Component Inspection & Replacement Tables
      • Ford Motor Co. (1988-04)
  • Restraints Control Systems
    • Supplemental Inflatable Restraint System -- Air Bag/SRS Component Inspection & Replacement Tables
      • Ford Motor Co. (1988-04)
  • Seat Belts
    • Supplemental Inflatable Restraint System -- Air Bag/SRS Component Inspection & Replacement Tables
      • Ford Motor Co. (1988-04)
• Steering
  • Manual Steering
    • Power Steering System
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Power Steering
          • Notes
          • Power Steering Pump
          • Steering Gear Identification
          • Pump Identification
      • Diagnosis & Testing
        • Power Steering
      • Removal & Installation
        • Power Steering Fluid Reservoir - CIII Pump
          • Removal & Installation
        • Pump - CII
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal & Installation
        • Pump - CIII 2.3L
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal & Installation
        • Pump - CIII 4.0L
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Power Steering Pump Pulley - 2.3L & 3.0L
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Pulley - Pump, 4.0L
          • Removal & Installation
        • Hose
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Inner Tie Rod
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Cooler - Fluid
          • Removal & Installation
        • Gear - Coil Spring Suspension
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal & Installation
        • Gear - Torsion Bar Suspension
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • Steering System-General Information
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Steering System
          • Notes
          • Steering System Components
      • Diagnosis & Testing
        • Steering System
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Steering System Symptom Definitions
            • Drift/Pull
          • Excessive Steering Wheel Play
          • Feedback
          • Hard Steering Or Lack Of Assist
          • Nibble
          • Poor Returnability/Sticky Steering
          • Shimmy
          • Wander
        • Symptom Chart
        • Pinpoint Tests
          • Pinpoint Test A: Steering System Noise
          • Pinpoint Test B: Steering Is Very Difficult/Very Easy
          • Pinpoint Test C: Excessive Steering Wheel Play
          • Pinpoint Test D: Steering System Drift/Pull/Wander
        • Component Tests
          • Steering Linkage
          • Turning Effort Test
          • Pump Flow & Pressure Test
          • Tie-Rod Articulation Torque
          • Steering Gear Valve
      • General Procedures
        • Power Steering System Flushing
          • Material
        • Power Steering System Purging
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
        • Power Steering System Filling
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
  • Power Steering
    • Power Steering System
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Power Steering
          • Notes
          • Power Steering Pump
          • Steering Gear Identification
          • Pump Identification
      • Diagnosis & Testing
        • Power Steering
      • Removal & Installation
        • Power Steering Fluid Reservoir - CIII Pump
          • Removal & Installation
        • Pump - CII
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal & Installation
        • Pump - CIII 2.3L
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal & Installation
        • Pump - CIII 4.0L
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Power Steering Pump Pulley - 2.3L & 3.0L
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Pulley - Pump, 4.0L
          • Removal & Installation
        • Hose
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Inner Tie Rod
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Cooler - Fluid
          • Removal & Installation
        • Gear - Coil Spring Suspension
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal & Installation
        • Gear - Torsion Bar Suspension
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal
          • Installation
    • Steering System-General Information
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Steering System
          • Notes
          • Steering System Components
      • Diagnosis & Testing
        • Steering System
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Steering System Symptom Definitions
            • Drift/Pull
          • Excessive Steering Wheel Play
          • Feedback
          • Hard Steering Or Lack Of Assist
          • Nibble
          • Poor Returnability/Sticky Steering
          • Shimmy
          • Wander
        • Symptom Chart
        • Pinpoint Tests
          • Pinpoint Test A: Steering System Noise
          • Pinpoint Test B: Steering Is Very Difficult/Very Easy
          • Pinpoint Test C: Excessive Steering Wheel Play
          • Pinpoint Test D: Steering System Drift/Pull/Wander
        • Component Tests
          • Steering Linkage
          • Turning Effort Test
          • Pump Flow & Pressure Test
          • Tie-Rod Articulation Torque
          • Steering Gear Valve
      • General Procedures
        • Power Steering System Flushing
          • Material
        • Power Steering System Purging
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
        • Power Steering System Filling
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
  • Steering Column
    • Steering Column
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Steering Column
      • Diagnosis & Testing
        • Steering Column
      • Removal & Installation
        • Ignition Switch Lock Cylinder - Functional Lock Cylinder
          • Removal & Installation
        • Ignition Switch Lock Cylinder - Non-Functional Lock Cylinder
          • Removal & Installation
        • Wheel
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Removal & Installation
        • CLOCKSPRING
          • Removal & Installation
        • Steering Column
          • Removal & Installation
        • Steering Column Shaft
          • Removal & Installation
        • Steering Column - Manual Transmission
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
        • Steering Column - Automated Equipment
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Disassembly
          • Assembly
    • Steering System-General Information
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Steering System
          • Notes
          • Steering System Components
      • Diagnosis & Testing
        • Steering System
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Steering System Symptom Definitions
            • Drift/Pull
          • Excessive Steering Wheel Play
          • Feedback
          • Hard Steering Or Lack Of Assist
          • Nibble
          • Poor Returnability/Sticky Steering
          • Shimmy
          • Wander
        • Symptom Chart
        • Pinpoint Tests
          • Pinpoint Test A: Steering System Noise
          • Pinpoint Test B: Steering Is Very Difficult/Very Easy
          • Pinpoint Test C: Excessive Steering Wheel Play
          • Pinpoint Test D: Steering System Drift/Pull/Wander
        • Component Tests
          • Steering Linkage
          • Turning Effort Test
          • Pump Flow & Pressure Test
          • Tie-Rod Articulation Torque
          • Steering Gear Valve
      • General Procedures
        • Power Steering System Flushing
          • Material
        • Power Steering System Purging
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
        • Power Steering System Filling
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
  • Steering Control Systems
    • Steering System-General Information
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Steering System
          • Notes
          • Steering System Components
      • Diagnosis & Testing
        • Steering System
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Steering System Symptom Definitions
            • Drift/Pull
          • Excessive Steering Wheel Play
          • Feedback
          • Hard Steering Or Lack Of Assist
          • Nibble
          • Poor Returnability/Sticky Steering
          • Shimmy
          • Wander
        • Symptom Chart
        • Pinpoint Tests
          • Pinpoint Test A: Steering System Noise
          • Pinpoint Test B: Steering Is Very Difficult/Very Easy
          • Pinpoint Test C: Excessive Steering Wheel Play
          • Pinpoint Test D: Steering System Drift/Pull/Wander
        • Component Tests
          • Steering Linkage
          • Turning Effort Test
          • Pump Flow & Pressure Test
          • Tie-Rod Articulation Torque
          • Steering Gear Valve
      • General Procedures
        • Power Steering System Flushing
          • Material
        • Power Steering System Purging
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
        • Power Steering System Filling
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
  • Steering Gear
    • Steering System-General Information
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Steering System
          • Notes
          • Steering System Components
      • Diagnosis & Testing
        • Steering System
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Steering System Symptom Definitions
            • Drift/Pull
          • Excessive Steering Wheel Play
          • Feedback
          • Hard Steering Or Lack Of Assist
          • Nibble
          • Poor Returnability/Sticky Steering
          • Shimmy
          • Wander
        • Symptom Chart
        • Pinpoint Tests
          • Pinpoint Test A: Steering System Noise
          • Pinpoint Test B: Steering Is Very Difficult/Very Easy
          • Pinpoint Test C: Excessive Steering Wheel Play
          • Pinpoint Test D: Steering System Drift/Pull/Wander
        • Component Tests
          • Steering Linkage
          • Turning Effort Test
          • Pump Flow & Pressure Test
          • Tie-Rod Articulation Torque
          • Steering Gear Valve
      • General Procedures
        • Power Steering System Flushing
          • Material
        • Power Steering System Purging
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
        • Power Steering System Filling
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
  • Steering Linkage
    • Steering System-General Information
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Steering System
          • Notes
          • Steering System Components
      • Diagnosis & Testing
        • Steering System
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Steering System Symptom Definitions
            • Drift/Pull
          • Excessive Steering Wheel Play
          • Feedback
          • Hard Steering Or Lack Of Assist
          • Nibble
          • Poor Returnability/Sticky Steering
          • Shimmy
          • Wander
        • Symptom Chart
        • Pinpoint Tests
          • Pinpoint Test A: Steering System Noise
          • Pinpoint Test B: Steering Is Very Difficult/Very Easy
          • Pinpoint Test C: Excessive Steering Wheel Play
          • Pinpoint Test D: Steering System Drift/Pull/Wander
        • Component Tests
          • Steering Linkage
          • Turning Effort Test
          • Pump Flow & Pressure Test
          • Tie-Rod Articulation Torque
          • Steering Gear Valve
      • General Procedures
        • Power Steering System Flushing
          • Material
        • Power Steering System Purging
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
        • Power Steering System Filling
          • Special Tool(s)
          • Material
• Suspension
  • Front Suspension
    • Front Suspension - 2WD
      • Description
      • Adjustments & Inspection
        • Ball Joint Checking
          • Lower & Upper Ball Joint
        • Ride Height
        • Wheel Alignment
        • Wheel Bearing Adjustment
      • Removal & Installation
        • Coil Spring
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Hub/Rotor & Wheel Bearings
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Lower Control Arm - Coil Spring Suspension
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Lower Control Arm - Torsion Bar Suspension
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shock Absorber
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Spindle
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Stabilizer Bar
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Torsion Bar
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Upper Control Arm, Ball Joint & Bushings
          • Removal
          • Installation
      • Torque Specifications
    • Suspension System-General Information
      • Specifications
        • Alignment Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Wheel Alignment Angles
          • Notes
          • Camber
            • Negative & Positive Camber
          • Caster
          • Toe
            • Positive Toe (Toe In)
            • Negative Toe (Toe Out)
          • Ride Height
            • Front Ride Height Measurement
            • Rear Ride Height Measurement - 4x2
            • Rear Ride Height Measurement - 4x4
          • Wheel Track
          • Dogtracking
          • Wander
          • Shimmy
          • Nibble
          • Poor Returnability/Sticky Steering
          • Drift/Pull
            • Notes
            • Poor Groove Feel
      • Diagnosis & Testing
        • Suspension System
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Symptom Chart
        • Component Tests
          • Ball Joint Inspection
      • General Procedures
        • Camber & Caster Adjustment - 4X2
        • Camber & Caster Adjustment - 4X4
        • Toe Adjustment
  • Rear Suspension
    • Rear Suspension
      • Torque Specifications
      • Description And Operation
      • Removal And Installation
        • Wheel Studs
          • Notes
          • Removal
          • Installation
        • Shock Absorber
          • Removal & Installation
        • Bar and Link
          • Removal & Installation
        • Spring
          • Removal and Installation
    • Suspension System-General Information
      • Specifications
        • Alignment Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Wheel Alignment Angles
          • Notes
          • Camber
            • Negative & Positive Camber
          • Caster
          • Toe
            • Positive Toe (Toe In)
            • Negative Toe (Toe Out)
          • Ride Height
            • Front Ride Height Measurement
            • Rear Ride Height Measurement - 4x2
            • Rear Ride Height Measurement - 4x4
          • Wheel Track
          • Dogtracking
          • Wander
          • Shimmy
          • Nibble
          • Poor Returnability/Sticky Steering
          • Drift/Pull
            • Notes
            • Poor Groove Feel
      • Diagnosis & Testing
        • Suspension System
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Symptom Chart
        • Component Tests
          • Ball Joint Inspection
      • General Procedures
        • Camber & Caster Adjustment - 4X2
        • Camber & Caster Adjustment - 4X4
        • Toe Adjustment
  • Wheel Alignment
    • Suspension System-General Information
      • Specifications
        • Alignment Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Wheel Alignment Angles
          • Notes
          • Camber
            • Negative & Positive Camber
          • Caster
          • Toe
            • Positive Toe (Toe In)
            • Negative Toe (Toe Out)
          • Ride Height
            • Front Ride Height Measurement
            • Rear Ride Height Measurement - 4x2
            • Rear Ride Height Measurement - 4x4
          • Wheel Track
          • Dogtracking
          • Wander
          • Shimmy
          • Nibble
          • Poor Returnability/Sticky Steering
          • Drift/Pull
            • Notes
            • Poor Groove Feel
      • Diagnosis & Testing
        • Suspension System
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Symptom Chart
        • Component Tests
          • Ball Joint Inspection
      • General Procedures
        • Camber & Caster Adjustment - 4X2
        • Camber & Caster Adjustment - 4X4
        • Toe Adjustment
  • Wheels & Tire System
    • Wheels & Tires
      • Specifications
        • General Specifications
        • Torque Specifications
      • Description & Operation
        • Safety Precautions
        • Wheels & Tires
          • Notes
          • Tire, Temporary Spare
          • Tire & Wheel Runout
          • Inspection & Verification
          • Road Test
        • Symptom Chart
      • General Procedures
        • Wheel Leaks
      • Removal & Installation
        • Wheel & Tire
          • Removal
          • Installation
• External Pages