Drive Pinion Test
WARNING: This page is about a different car, the 2004 Ford Econoline. However, it is still accessible from the selected car via links, so may be relevant.
Remove starter from vehicle. See STARTER MOTOR under REMOVAL & INSTALLATION. Rotate drive pinion in both directions. Pinion should free wheel in one direction and lock to armature shaft in the other direction. If pinion free wheels in both directions, replace starter motor. See STARTER MOTOR under REMOVAL & INSTALLATION.