Closed Loop
WARNING: This page is about a different car, the 2005 Chevrolet Optra5 and 2005 Chevrolet Optra. However, it is still accessible from the selected car via links, so may be relevant.
The specific values for the above conditions vary with different engines and are stored in the electronically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM). When these conditions are met, the system goes into closed loop operation. In closed loop, the ECM calculates the air/fuel ratio, the fuel injector on-time, based on the signals from the oxygen sensors. This allows the air/fuel ratio to stay very close to 14.7:1.