Homogenous mixture preparation without lean running

The use of direct injection without lean running creates a homogenous mixture in the entire combustion chamber.

A homogenous mixture means that the fuel-air ratio is stoichiometrically controlled in the same way as it is in manifold injection systems (Lambda = 1)

("stoichiometric" means a fuel-air ratio of 14.8 kilograms of air to 1 kilogram of fuel.) This homogenous mixture allows a conventional exhaust gas after treatment system to be used.