EVAP System, Leak Detection

Function 

The leak detection system recognizes leaks in the complete fuel system, including the fuel tank, EVAP canister and Evaporative Emission (EVAP) Canister Purge Regulator Valve -N80-.

On the mechanical side, the leak detection system consists mainly of a vacuum-driven diaphragm pump, that is equipped with a reed contact on the actuation rod of the pump diaphragm. The pump is supplied with vacuum by the engine intake stroke.

• When leak detection is activated, the diaphragm pump pumps the fuel system up to 20 to 30 mbar. The pump membrane is then moved outward, thereby setting the reed contact at the actuation rod to the "open" position.
• During leak diagnosis, the reed contact is monitored to check if it remains open within 15 seconds. This indicates the system is sealed.
• If pressure falls (indicating a leak), the diaphragm moves back and the reed contact closes.
• If reed contact closes within 15 seconds of leak detection time, a further test is performed: In this case the diaphragm pump pumps 4 times again. The engine control module (ECM) measures the time for each of the 4 pumps until the reed contact is closed again. From that, the control module can recognize a "small leak" (smaller than 1 mm in diameter) or a "large leak".

Leak diagnosis is activated automatically shortly following every engine start. If a malfunction is determined, an entry is made to the Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) memory. The Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL) -K83- in the instrument cluster lights up if the malfunction is recognized for two subsequent starts.